{"type":"rich","version":"1.0","provider_name":"Transistor","provider_url":"https://transistor.fm","author_name":"Pionerd","title":"How Minnesota Doctors Invented Open-Heart Surgery in 1952","html":"","width":"100%","height":180,"duration":680,"description":"On September 2, 1952, a team of surgeons in Minneapolis stepped into uncharted territory. Facing long-standing medical taboos and a dying five-year-old patient named Jacqueline Johnson, Dr. F. John Lewis and Dr. C. Walton Lillehei attempted what many deemed impossible: operating directly inside a stopped human heart. Equipped with an ice-blanket cooling system and an ordinary livestock watering trough ordered from a Sears Roebuck catalog, the team bought themselves a strict, heart-stopping window of just a few minutes to repair a congenital defect. This is the story of the five and a half minutes in the Twin Cities that shattered centuries of surgical fear, sparked the rise of Minnesota’s Medical Alley, and changed the course of modern medicine forever.\nKey Topics & Historical Highlights:\nThe 1952 Heart Surgery: Inside the groundbreaking operation by Dr. F. John Lewis and first assistant Dr. C. Walton Lillehei.\nDeep Hypothermia & Inflow Occlusion: How lowering core body temperature created a safe 5-minute to 10-minute surgical window.\nSears Trough to Bubble Oxygenator: How low-tech rewarming led to Richard DeWall’s $15 disposable bubble oxygenator in 1955.\nMinnesota Medical History: The Twin Cities origin story that sparked the birth of Minnesota's Medical Alley and modern cardiac innovation.","thumbnail_url":"https://img.transistorcdn.com/TBzQA953XT-5pUk9GpM9Lck7NRVoPLOa3qejYqJMdT4/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:400/h:400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9kMmRi/MTE5YzRmZTQ3ZjFk/ZjQ0OWUzODdkNGVm/MmVhMC5wbmc.webp","thumbnail_width":300,"thumbnail_height":300}