{"type":"rich","version":"1.0","provider_name":"Transistor","provider_url":"https://transistor.fm","author_name":"The Knowledge Architects: Building Wisdom in the Information Age","title":"Episode 32 | The 10.000 Hour Rule On Trial","html":"","width":"100%","height":180,"duration":1314,"description":"\nEpisode Summary\n\nIn the late 1970s at Carnegie Mellon, a psychologist read digits aloud to an undergraduate at one per second. On the fourth day the student announced he had reached his limit, seven digits, the same as almost everyone. Two hundred and thirty hours of practice later he could hold seventy-nine. But partway through the study they switched him to letters, and his span dropped straight back to about six. He had not acquired a better memory. He had built a skill, and the skill did not travel one inch beyond the material it was built on.\nEpisode 31 established what expertise is made of: tens of thousands of meaningful patterns. This episode asks where they come from. For thirty years the standard answer has been deliberate practice, and the standard version of that answer is a number. Almost nothing about that number survives contact with the sources: it is not printed in the paper everyone cites, the phrase \"ten-thousand-hour rule\" was coined by a journalist, and Anders Ericsson spent much of the rest of his life saying so. We walk through what the 1993 Berlin violinist study actually found, what happened when researchers finally tested it properly, and why the honest verdict splits the theory in half. Deliberate practice turns out to be a strong theory of training and a weak theory of talent.\n\nKey Topics Covered\n\nThe SF study (Ericsson, Chase and Faloon 1980): a memory span from 7 to 79 digits in 230 hours, and a consonant span that never moved\nWhat deliberate practice actually is: an activity designed to improve current performance, immediate feedback, repeated corrected attempts, and in the strict version a qualified teacher\nThe line the popularisers always drop: it \"requires effort and is not inherently enjoyable\"\nThe three constraints Ericsson named: resource, motivational and effort\nBerlin 1993: three groups of ten violinists plus ten middle-aged professionals from the Berlin Philharmonic and the Radio Symphony Orchestra\nEvery accumulated...","thumbnail_url":"https://img.transistorcdn.com/FqjMDaQUSm1bYfkwwD6aDUnSGdwLjCiheWhxBb00zow/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:400/h:400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS84YjIz/YzkwMzlmNGM5YmEw/NTJkOGYyMTk0YTMw/ZWM0Zi5wbmc.webp","thumbnail_width":300,"thumbnail_height":300}