0:02 Hey, Shashir. We're talking to you at a pretty interesting week. Uh, you all 0:07 have some news to share. You want to share. 0:22 Hey folks, welcome to Agents of Scale. It's a show where I sit down with execs 0:26 and founders and CEOs uh who are using AI to transform their companies. I'm 0:31 Wade Foster and today I've got a really exciting guest. Uh I'm talking to 0:35 Shashir Morotra. He's the CEO of Superhuman uh which last week he was the 0:42 CEO of Grammarly and I think not that long ago he was the founder and CEO of 0:46 Kota. He probably has the most chaotic LinkedIn updates in the last year of any 0:51 uh founder at least I've talked to. Uh Shashir is uh someone I've known for a 0:55 long time. He's one of the clearest product thinkers. He's led product at 0:57 YouTube. He co-founded KOD. Uh he's on the board of Spotify. He loves bundles, 1:02 pricing, and packaging. Uh Shashir, I'm stoked to have you on the show. Welcome. 1:07 Thank you. Thank you. Yeah, the the LinkedIn thing was a little bit of 1:10 chaos. Although there was one person with a more chaotic LinkedIn than mine 1:13 was Rahul Vora. He had a he had a that was a pretty fun 1:19 twe uh tweet exchange with someone trying to reconstruct the the sequence 1:24 there for him. Uh well, hey Shashir, we're talking to 1:27 you at a pretty interesting week. Uh you all have some news to share. You want to 1:31 share like what what has changed at Superhum in the last week? 1:36 Yeah. So, uh maybe I'll I'll just give the the the highlights and we can dig in 1:41 the different parts. But uh as as you mentioned, I started KOD um back in 1:47 2014. Uh we uh sold the company to Grammarly uh late last year and we've 1:54 been working for the last 10 months on uh a set of really important 1:57 announcements and they all came out uh two days ago. Um and there are three big 2:02 things we did. Uh we rebranded the name of the company. We added a new uh 2:06 product we call Superhum Go. and we um added a a way to buy all the products 2:12 together as a suite in a in a bundle. So each one is interesting. We rebranded 2:16 the company. Uh the corporate name went from being Grammarly to being 2:20 superhuman. It's still um uh houses all the subbrands. So it's Grammarly, it's 2:25 KOD, uh mail, and now the new product go. Um and then Go is our new AI 2:32 assistant that really takes the best parts of Grammarly, the underlying 2:35 engine of Grammarly, and turns it into a platform. uh such that anyone can have 2:40 um assisted agents that work with them embedded in their experiences 2:45 everywhere. Uh and then we have a bundle where if you're a super fan of any of 2:52 the products, you can easily get access to the others as well. So that's uh 2:55 that's what we did. I love it. Um I'm gonna ask the fifth 2:59 grader question here. What does Grammarly, a writing assistant, Koda, a 3:06 document collaboration platform, and superhuman, an email platform, and go? 3:12 What do they all have to do with each other? 3:14 Yeah. Yeah. That's a it's a great question, and I it starts with a pretty 3:18 simple observation about the world of productivity. And so, in my view, we're 3:22 in this third era of productivity. Um, the first era was all about digit 3:27 digitization. We turned typewriters into word processors. The second area was 3:32 everything moved to the web and it was about collaboration and all of a sudden 3:35 every product was something where you could collaborate with other humans and 3:38 you knew you were in those products because like Google Docs and Slack you 3:41 knew you were in them because all the avatars showed up, you know, all the 3:44 people you were working with. And in this third era, it's where we all get to 3:47 work with AI or sometimes people use the term agents which is appropriate for 3:51 this podcast. And uh and in that world I almost mentally picture it as those 3:57 avatars are shifting from being my teammates to being my virtual teammates. 4:00 Um so in that world there's an opportunity to rethink every part of the 4:05 product productivity experience. And so that's that's what we're working on 4:09 together. Um we think about ourselves as doing uh uh three main sta uh uh pieces 4:15 of that. So the fundamental one for us is is go. Um that's our platform for 4:20 agents. Uh next on top of that we build a set of agents. Grammarly is one of 4:25 those agents and we build many many more and then we build surfaces that those 4:28 agents work in and the two most prominent ones are the two places where 4:31 people spend the most time in their documents and their email. So that's how 4:34 they all connect together. So tell us more about superhuman go. I 4:38 think folks are familiar with superhuman with uh I guess now mail uh uh kod and 4:44 grammarly but go is the new piece of the puzzle. So that's right. What what does 4:47 go do? Yeah. And and maybe the the easiest way 4:50 to tell the history here is it it starts with a different way to think about 4:54 Grammarly. I I think Grammarly is one of the most misunderstood products on the 4:58 planet. I mean, f first off, it's way bigger than people think. You know, it's 5:01 a it's about 40 million daily active users. Um you know, hundreds of millions 5:05 of dollars in revenue. Um you know, a lot of people underestimate it because 5:09 it's a it's a product that feels is meant to feel incredibly simple and 5:13 almost invisible. It's a it's with you everywhere you work. Um, and most people 5:17 think it's about grammar, which is a totally reasonable assumption, but 5:20 actually most of the code, most of the technology of Grammarly is not about 5:24 grammar. Most of it is about bringing AI to where people work. Um, so we 5:29 sometimes refer to that as the AI superighway. We view Grammarly as the OG 5:33 agent. Uh, for the last 16 years, it's been bringing a writing assistant right 5:38 to where you work. So the key capability of Grammarly is we work in about a 5:41 million different applications, web applications, desktop applications and 5:45 mobile applications. Everything from Gmail to Google Docs to desktop apps 5:49 like Slack and Word um uh out to the you know thousands of different enterprise 5:53 applications and consumer applications you have and everything on your phone as 5:56 well. Um we can read what you're doing uh annotate it in a way that's 6:01 unobtrusive to you and to the application and we can make changes on 6:05 your behalf. Um, so that's what we call the AI superighway. There's one problem 6:10 with our AI superighway. We only run one car on that highway, and that's the one 6:14 that has your high school grammar teacher in it. And it turns out to be a 6:17 really valuable car that, you know, can drive tens of millions of users and and 6:21 hundreds of millions of dollars of revenue. Um, but it's just one car. And 6:25 our insight was what if we took that part of Grammarly and we sort of 6:29 separated it out and we said, this is can be a platform where we can run many 6:33 such agents. We can run many of these cars. So maybe to give you an easy 6:37 example, imagine you're a salesperson. You're writing an email to a client and 6:40 you know today Grammarly feels like you have your high school English teacher 6:44 sitting on your shoulder helping make sure you don't make an embarrassing 6:48 mistake. You communicate most effectively. Um you grammatically 6:51 correct, but now you also have all these other agents sitting on your shoulder. 6:55 So you have, you know, your your sales agent that's read your entire CRM and 6:59 tells you this is the product that that customer is interested and this is the 7:02 ones are not interested. There's another one that's your support agent that says, 7:05 "Hey, you know, this client had an outage last week. You should say 7:08 something in your email about that." Um, there's another one that knows your 7:10 calendar and says, "You said you can meet Tuesday at 7 p.m., but actually you 7:14 have your daughter's recital and you can't meet then." And all of them are 7:17 working together to help you communicate and collaborate better. So, we decided 7:21 to pull that part of the product out. We gave it a new name. So, we call that 7:25 superhuman go. Uh, it you can run many agents on it. There's a store with full 7:30 of agents. Um the most important agent that we think everyone will start with 7:34 is the Grammarly agent. So that's your grammar teacher. Uh but we built uh 7:38 hundreds of others. Actually, you know the history behind this, but we 7:41 basically took every Koda pack and we turned them all into agents. Um and so 7:46 there's now hundreds of those and we open it up so anybody can do it. And so 7:49 we had dozens of of agents launch Wednesday as well from you know all 7:53 sorts of different brands and ideas. you know, uh many different uh ways of 7:57 thinking about uh what it means to bring AI directly to where people are working. 8:01 So that's what we're up to with code. I love it. So you bootstrap it with 8:04 Grammarly, the agent, with the Kodapac agents. Um what's an example of one of 8:10 the newer agents that exist on this super highway? 8:13 Yeah. So there's a lot of interesting ones. I mean, I I'll pick uh one I was 8:17 really excited about was one of the first people I pitched when we were 8:19 talking about the superighway and really, you know, what what would you do 8:22 with it? Uh, and I was talking to uh a book author actually, Kim Scott. She 8:26 wrote a book called Radical Cander. And uh, Radical Cander is a great book. It's 8:30 all about how to communicate effectively. Most people who read it, 8:33 it's Kim Woodstall and me, they take it, they stick it on their shelf, and they 8:36 kind of forget about it. And it's a that's the nature of all the books we 8:39 read. Um, and she said, "What would it feel like if we actually could take that 8:44 book and have it work with you everywhere you are?" So, they shipped a 8:48 radical cander agent that just like Grammarly helps make sure you're 8:51 grammatically correct. This helps make sure you're following the principles of 8:54 radical cander and it just takes anywhere you're writing. You can be in 8:57 Slack, you can be in Google Docs, you can be trying to take an interview note 9:01 in Greenhouse or you can be anywhere and uh you know it feels like Kim Scott is 9:06 sitting on your shoulder ready to help you be a better communicator. So it's a 9:09 I thought that was a really fun example. You know I love that use case. Uh we 9:13 have an agent Zap that does something similar where uh we're fans of the book 9:18 uh five dysfunctions of a team. Yeah. Yeah. 9:20 And you know, same phenomena, right? You read this book and you're like, oh, 9:23 these concepts are great. I'd love to, you know, 9:25 right? Yeah. Lion. And then you put the book on 9:27 a shelf and you're just like, well, you know, hopefully hopefully we remember 9:31 what's in it. And so we built out a little agent that takes uh our 9:36 transcripts from our exec team meeting and it runs it through a prompt that's 9:39 got all the concepts from the book and then it DMs people feedback after 9:43 meetings uh in Slack. So like, you know, here's what you here's what you did 9:46 well, here's what you didn't. And it's great to have this like ambient feedback 9:49 just always because I've never come across somebody who's like, "No, I don't 9:53 want to, you know, I I want to be a bad teammate or, you know, I want to I want 9:57 to be on a dis dysfunctional team." Like I think we all want to be on good teams, 10:00 but the reality is like in the moment of shipping products and, you know, trying 10:04 to make customers like you don't always show up your best and it's nice to just 10:07 have little a little coach like nudging and I I so I'm I'm pretty bullish on 10:11 this concept of AI as coach like I think it's one of the the best early use cases 10:15 so far. Right. Right. Yeah. Yeah, and I think 10:17 and I think it, you know, for our our approach to it is you just want that 10:20 coach kind of with you everywhere you are. That that's and that's that's the 10:23 heart of what we're doing with uh with Go. 10:25 I love it. Um so what a second thing you mentioned is 10:30 you have the the name change for the corporate entity. You adopted superhuman 10:34 as the name and one of the things I heard you share on X was that this 10:38 reflects this bigger vision for the company. Can you talk a little bit about 10:42 where is this going beyond sort of the like uh you know information superighway 10:46 this AI superighway right and like why why superhuman I mean it's 10:50 clearly a phenomenal name but you know Grammarly's got 40 million users so 10:55 yeah I I mean I think first off I think the it's really important to clarify for 10:59 everybody we're renaming the corporate name not the not the brand name so those 11:02 those all continue uh it's a little bit similar to um what Google is to Alphabet 11:08 what Facebook is to Meta what Square is to block. I think I I think there's a 11:12 good history of companies as they broaden their ambition needing a 11:15 corporate name that allows them to to sort of spread their wings across 11:18 different areas without confusing people. Uh because otherwise you take 11:21 the Grammarly name and you stretch it too far and and you say, "Well, 11:24 Grammarly now stands for all these other things." And that's actually the the 11:28 beauty of the Grammarly name is that it's incredibly clear what it does. Um 11:32 you know, it's a downside, but it's also it's also a a uh uh a clear uh positive 11:39 as well. Um, and so we knew we wanted to rebrand the company. Um, especially as 11:44 we started adding more uh products and capabilities to our portfolio and we 11:48 added Kod and we added the Supreme Mail team and and we're starting to work on 11:52 Go and we said okay we need a different corporate entity. uh we brainstormed I 11:57 mean you've been through this process but the we brainstormed hundreds of 12:00 names uh went through many many different examples and interestingly the 12:04 name superhuman before we even bought the company kept coming up like it it 12:08 would it would show up in these you these brainstorms and people say you 12:11 know this is actually a really good name our design team even did a riff on a 12:15 brand system and they called it the superhuman design system and they said 12:19 we're using this name because it's not possibly that we're going to use it as a 12:22 company name it's another company but it really reflects the spirit of what we're 12:26 doing. Um, and so it was kind of, you know, running around in our heads. And 12:30 then when I ended up talking to Rahul and deciding to to pull our companies 12:33 together, um, you know, after that closed, we we sat down and talked about, 12:38 you know, what would it what would it feel like to to to swap the names by by 12:41 the way is it's pretty atypical, right? So that's mo everybody loves the name, 12:45 but it was it I went looking and the number of companies that have done this 12:49 pattern of take the the the acquired company's name as a parent. I there's 12:53 like five or six major companies that have ever done it. It's like the the the 12:56 only prominent example I could find was SBC and AT&T, which was like a long long 13:00 time ago. This uh doesn't happen very often. And I' I think having lived the 13:05 last three or four months of how to do this, I can understand why it's really 13:08 hard to do. But to answer your question first, what what do we love about the 13:12 name Superhum? I we're really looking for two things. One is we wanted 13:15 something that could capture the breath of our ambition. And so it's really 13:18 important for something that could flex as we enter new categories and and make 13:22 sure that you know uh people see it as a as a broad enough name to do that. Um 13:27 but the the second one is really a focus on empowerment and I and I think that is 13:32 a very different way to think about the phase we're in. So we talk a lot about 13:35 we're in this AI era. I call it the third phase of productivity. You know 13:39 clearly AI is affecting a lot of different people and there's a set of 13:42 people whose view is AI is here to replace humans. And you my view is quite 13:46 the opposite and our company's view is quite the opposite. We think we're here 13:49 to empower humans. We're here to make humans even more human. And I think that 13:54 while the name superhuman that, you know, super is going to get used as a as 13:58 an adjective a lot, but it's actually the the human part of it that we were 14:01 most drawn to. Um, and if you think about it, you know, Grammarly is a 14:04 classic tool like that. We don't, you know, Grammarly is a a very popular 14:07 assistant. It helps you everywhere, but at the end of the day, it's still you. 14:12 You still send the email. you still publish the uh the blog post, you still 14:16 submit the essay, it's still you. Our job is to bring out the best of you with 14:21 the best poss possible assistance. And so that's how we framed uh the goal for 14:25 the name and superhuman just fit fit like a glove. I mean uh we re rewrote 14:29 the mission statement, the new mission statement of the company is unlock the 14:32 superhuman potential in everyone. We believe that potential is already there. 14:37 It's not the job of AI to replace it. It's the job of AI is to bring it out to 14:40 to everyone. So that's why we picked the name. I like the focus on human. I'm, 14:44 you know, this is one of the things I love about Superhuman, the the male 14:48 client, is that there's these like just very subtle like well done features that 14:53 are just nudging you to do the right thing, helping you go faster, injecting 14:57 information and context just like right at the right point where it's still me 15:01 to your point, like still me, but like I'm getting a lot of help to to to fire 15:05 off a bunch of emails really well and I feel super human uh at the end of the 15:09 day. That's right. Um what's um so you've got 15:13 this information superighway like what what what what are you going to put on 15:17 it next? What what company are you b what's the fourth company that's getting 15:20 bought here? Um first off I'd say you know in this in 15:24 this world of building this platform this AI superighway it's um it's 15:29 actually our our default motion isn't buy our default motion is partner. So I 15:33 think the I think the most important thing we can do is open up this platform 15:36 to everybody. And so I think you know most of the companies I now talk to 15:39 that's the discussion is what would you do if you could put an agent on the 15:43 platform and really finish the journey. And you know for many people that is 15:48 about I I I've often referred to it as the last mile of AI. Um and I think it's 15:54 uh you know it's a it's an interesting way to think about what's happening in 15:57 AI that a lot of AI products are all about go to AI. you know there's this 16:01 like actually one of the customers we announced um this week as well uh one of 16:06 the first customers of go is going to be uh actually university Arizona State 16:09 University and um it's a really interesting organization they have 16:12 they're uh 180,000 students it's enormous and it's also 18,000 employees 16:17 let's say you know it's pretty big on in both dimensions and they told us about 16:21 they built something like 5,000 AI applications they have everything I mean 16:24 they have they have you know every class has a chatbot and every uh and every uh 16:29 um uh you know they have one for picking your degree, they have ones for their 16:33 employees, they have all these different chat bots. And the problem is nobody 16:35 goes and nobody remembers that that's where where I'm supposed to go. And so 16:40 their view of what we're doing is we provide this last mile of AI. We allow 16:44 that professor chatbot to actually sit next to you while you're working and be 16:48 this kind of digital twin of your professor. And you know that that just 16:52 changes completely how uh how you think about the role of a professor for 16:56 example. So there's, you know, I think our default motion here is going to be 16:59 partner. And I think there's a really broad set of of tools for which their 17:06 biggest challenge is they're actually just not in front of you at the right 17:08 moments. And if we can be that platform that gets uh gets gets you in front of 17:12 people, then that's that's that's our job. That's that's what we can provide 17:15 for the world. You know, I'm I'm sure we will end up doing more acquisitions. I 17:19 think it's a a motion we're we're getting good at. There are cases where 17:24 you know we feel like it's not the partner relationship isn't enough. Uh 17:28 part of the reason why we bought superhuman mail was we felt like it was 17:31 an opportunity to actually reinvent the surface a bit. A very important surface. 17:35 Email is the number one use case for Grammarly. It's actually the number one 17:38 thing people do with Grammarly is write emails. Um and which kind of makes 17:41 sense. You know I think we're people picture this as docs but actually you 17:44 spend way more time writing communication than you spend writing 17:46 documents. Um and uh so we looked at it as a sort of fundamental as part of the 17:52 the platform for what we can do and there we had to own it to reinvent it. 17:56 And so I think that will be more of our bar. We're going to default to 17:58 partnership everywhere we can. But if we find cases where you know we think we 18:03 can make that a core part of the platform. I think that's when we'll be 18:07 more interested in uh in an ownership model. 18:11 I love it. Um so let's shift gears here. Um, we talk a lot about AI 18:16 transformation on this podcast and you're doing a very unique kind of 18:21 transformation. You're taking three companies, three distinct cultures, 18:26 three distinct product road maps, three distinct customer bases, three distinct 18:30 brands, and you're all coalesing them into one. At the same time, AI is 18:35 changing how all these companies work both internally and their product road 18:39 maps. And so I guess the question is what are you 18:44 learning about how to do this? Well, well I so first off it's four. So we 18:49 have four products in it. I guess that's true. Four companies. 18:51 We have Go now as well. So So it's four. But Go is new, right? Like that that at 18:56 least gets to be although interestingly it's you know so 18:58 that the the uh I I wrote a uh a bit of a a manifesto 19:03 on how we were going to run as a company and I titled it the compound startup 19:06 manifesto. Um, and uh, it's a term I borrowed. There's a bunch of people that 19:10 have been using it lately. I think Parker at Rippling uses it a lot. I 19:14 really love it. I think it's a really good way to think about what happens to 19:17 companies as they as they grow. And I've seen every pattern. I mean, I've seen 19:21 companies that grow and they transition to being multi-product and it all sort 19:25 of falls over. And I've seen ones where it completely flourishes and it sort of 19:29 unlocks the company. Um the the you know from my experience the the best success 19:34 story in my history about this was my time at Google. I used to run the 19:38 YouTube group there and you know when I got there was right at the time when uh 19:43 Google sort of figured out this compound startup motion and it was a huge unluck 19:48 I think but most people probably uh don't remember or forgotten that you 19:51 know 2004 2005 Google was a single product company and you know to the 19:56 point of there was 10 principles for Google and uh uh listed on the website 20:00 and one of the principles is we only do one thing and they actually had to pull 20:04 it off the website when all these products started to launch. ing and in 20:08 the period um uh actually there's a there's a really good podcast about 20:11 this. The acquired team just did a podcast on how the period from 2005 to 20:14 2012 Google launched eight billion user products um and got them to got them all 20:20 to scale. And you know I happened to be driving one of them the the YouTube one. 20:25 But it's actually interestingly how in the same time you know Gmail was being 20:29 created and Google Docs was being created and doubleclick was being uh 20:31 grown and the Google maps business was growing and Chrome and Android and all 20:35 of these different businesses were happening all at the same time. And uh 20:38 so anyways I think there's a lot of lessons for companies that figure out 20:42 how to do that compound startup motion well. And there's always this tension of 20:47 you want to create these uh these units, these teams of people that feel like 20:51 they have really good autonomy that they can iterate like you would as a startup. 20:54 They know their customer base really well. They know the the the customer 20:58 alternatives, the other competitors. They know that really well. They 21:01 understand the technology stack really well and they can dream and iterate 21:04 really really quickly and respond to the market quickly. Um and at the same time 21:09 you want an infrastructure that gives gives an advantage to all these startups 21:12 because you know the whole point of being together is that they get to do 21:16 some things together. And so how do you how do you find that that uh that 21:20 magical interlock is a big piece of what we're doing. So we call that our 21:24 compound startup model. Um I think we're early in it but I I do think it's a it's 21:29 an interesting test how we're doing it. And you know these are four business as 21:32 you mentioned at totally different scales. goes brand new, you know, just 21:36 they're two days they're two days old. I just went through the first set of 21:38 metrics reviews with them and you know it's like what you feel like after two 21:42 days of company. You got grammarly at 16 years old and it's a lot and you know 21:46 has a massive install base and revenue line and has a very tuned motion and so 21:51 on. But you have to run each of these things with the right level of uh 21:56 attention process, you know, support in some cases, leave it alone in other 22:01 cases. Um so that's what we're doing. What were the key tenants or principles 22:05 in that compound manifesto that you wrote? 22:09 Uh, oh boy. Um, so, uh, this will be an interesting discussion. I don't think 22:15 I've talked about this publicly yet. The the, uh, uh, I I think the, it's fine. 22:19 The, um, so maybe first off, just to give the extremes for a moment. When 22:23 people call talk about a compound startup model, there's in my mind, 22:28 there's two extremes. So there's one extreme is the the fully functional 22:32 overlaid model. So that that's the the case where you know you have the entire 22:37 company's organized functionally all the way up to usually up to the CEO and 22:41 everything you're talking about is is sort of teams uh uh built together 22:45 across that. Um and you know there are some companies that that still work that 22:49 way. Apple still works that way. Um is uh is somewhat amazing. actually most of 22:54 that time at Google when all those com when all those products were created you 22:57 know that's how Google worked as well um the you know Eric Schmidt ran the 23:01 company with a head of engineering and a head of product and a head of sales and 23:04 and so on that's how you know that's how I operated at most of my time at YouTube 23:08 um the uh the other extreme is you organize into business units and uh you 23:14 know that that uh in that frame you end up generally with something like a 23:18 general manager for each business unit and all the functions sort of report 23:21 into that person and you kind of tolerate some level of duplication and 23:25 and some level of difference between how you know that's an engineering team over 23:29 here and an engineering team over there and a sales team over here and a sales 23:31 team over there and you know when you're a huge company like uh maybe I'll pick 23:34 like uh G like they have you know they have a unit that makes aircraft engines 23:37 and a unit that makes dishwashers and they don't have a lot to do with each 23:40 other and so they they they run that way and so that in my mind those are the 23:44 extremes and then there's a lot of options in in the middle um and you want 23:48 to try to find that that middle sweet spot and you know by the way this 23:53 this discussion. My first time even thinking about this 23:57 discussion actually happened when I was in college and I was um for whatever 24:01 reason at MIT they let you take classes at the business school which I I think 24:05 is uh um for some people it's great but for me I think it I was just way too 24:09 early for this 17 years old I take my first management science class and they 24:12 spend like literally like a third of the class on matrix management and this 24:17 tension between functional organization and business units and and I'm just 17 24:20 years old this is so stupid like this is you know just pick one how does it 24:24 matter and Now here I am 30 years later and that's like we spend all the time 24:28 innovating in the space and it turns out it's really hard and there's no right 24:30 answer between these things and you're going to pick the the pros of one and 24:34 tensions of the other. Um but there are a couple tests I've I've landed on that 24:38 are that are really really helpful. Um and I I can share lots of them but the 24:41 one that I think is the most helpful is something I call the hoodie test. And 24:46 it's one we we we really um somebody made this analogy at YouTube and it 24:51 really stuck with me through every job. Uh, and it was a really simple test is 24:55 you come in every day and or you come in the next day and you say, "Uh, hey, 24:59 tomorrow everybody please wear a hoodie with your team's logo on it." We used to 25:04 give out a lot of hoodies of swag. So, wear the hoodie with your team's logo on 25:06 it and see which logo everybody wears. And one of the things that happen is 25:12 that everybody gets very focused on am I functionally organized or business unit 25:15 organized? But actually doesn't matter. What matters is what's on your hoodie. 25:19 And uh, and that leads to a lot of different dynamics. So, first off, you 25:22 know, your matrix in this organization. Usually, it's easy with your EPD teams, 25:25 your engineering team, your product team, your design team. They're always 25:28 kind of organized this way anyway. It's like there's the go engineering team and 25:31 the go product team and the go design team. But then you get out to these next 25:34 functions and it's way harder, right? So, now you got you've got a marketing 25:37 team and it usually doesn't make sense to organize a marketing team that way or 25:40 a sales team. You almost never organize a sales team by product. Even you get to 25:45 your lawyers like do you do you give, you know, does each of these teams kind 25:48 of have their own general counsel? um you know your finance team and so on. 25:52 And what you want is for this team to feel like a unit to feel like a 25:57 business. You don't actually need all these people to report there. What you 26:01 need is them to feel like they have a staff meeting full of people all wearing 26:04 the same hoodie. Um and the the more complete that staff feels, the more this 26:08 unit will feel like they can run uh run their business. And I would say that's 26:14 the sort of middle spot we focused on is it's really not about, you know, so we 26:17 actually all report functionally. So the the company is is uh from that 26:20 perspective closer to Apple or how Google was in those days. Um but we put 26:24 a lot of emphasis on building this cross layer and giving really clear 26:29 accountability and uh you know participation to who's the 26:32 representative from each of these functions that make this thing feel like 26:35 a unit. How do you get those folks to um when it 26:39 matters to care about superhuman versus team Grammarly or team kod or team mail 26:45 or team go? Yeah. Yeah, I mean it's that's a really 26:48 good question and I think uh that's another thing that happens as um as 26:52 teams sometimes migrate away towards that business unit model you lose that 26:56 connection and you get you get tension on it. Um uh I think some of it first 27:00 off is structural. Like if you just start with what which company do you 27:04 have equity in? Um and I think that's a I think that's usually the first test is 27:07 like you know I worked on YouTube I got Google stock and it was really clear 27:11 when push came to shove and you know the google.com team called me and said hey 27:15 can you help us out with this thing? You know we all understood we own we own 27:18 Google stock. So I do think there's a there's a structural alignment and 27:21 there's a clear line you cross. When you cross that line you have a different 27:24 structure. now you're a conglomerate and that has different there there are pros 27:27 and cons of that as well but that's not that's not what what we're doing um uh a 27:32 lot of it is also in your values and behaviors you know we have one of our uh 27:36 we actually just we wrote the mission for the company we wrote uh our six 27:39 values as well one of them is this thing we call prioritize the pond um and the 27:43 basic analogy is that sometimes you focus on the size of the fish or the 27:46 size of the pond um and it's meant all the way from the individual up to the 27:49 company um but it's meant to capture this idea of you know when when in doubt 27:53 you're supposed to prioritize the pond you you talk about it, you repeat it, 27:56 you you amplify those examples so people people understand them. Um so I think 28:00 that's really important. Um I think that also leads to for example in that value 28:05 we say you want people to prioritize the pond you need to be transparent with 28:07 them so they understand the pond like they they're going to understand their 28:10 part of the they're going to understand their part uh anyways you know they they 28:15 what they don't understand is what's happening uh uh overall um and then you 28:19 lead by example. you you know you make every every team does it and you you uh 28:24 uh you help them get there. But I think if you get the structure right and the 28:27 values right you know I I haven't you know honestly here I haven't seen any 28:30 issue with this um and uh you know if I go back to Google or my time before that 28:36 at Microsoft I mean it took time eventually you had issue with this but 28:39 for like you can do a lot with culture. Yeah. Uh what have you learned about 28:45 smashing these three disperate cultures together? 28:50 Oh boy. Um, you know, I think I think it's uh it can 28:57 be really hard. I mean, I think the the and these are uh as you said, these are 29:00 three companies with very deep cultures. I mean, you ask any employee of any of 29:03 those three companies about their the the values of the company or the stories 29:08 or so on. These are, you know, two 11-year-old companies and a 16-year-old 29:12 company coming together. And so, everybody coming in had a view of this 29:15 is this is how we work. Um, and so first off, you need to do a lot of sharing. 29:19 You need to let you need to help people understand who who each other are and, 29:24 you know, get them together and and make sure that they're seeing each other. One 29:27 of the things we started doing right away was we moved from doing a monthly 29:30 all hands to doing a weekly all hands. Just like we're going to see each other 29:33 more often and that's a, you know, I think it's a a a small thing but an 29:37 important thing that, you know, it's one company, we're all going to see each 29:40 other. This is how it's going to work. Um, I think you really want to amplify 29:44 some of the best parts of each culture. Every company comes in with some 29:47 strengths and some weaknesses and you want to you want to you know sort of 29:50 gently ignore some of the weaknesses but you really want to go and pull up 29:54 examples of like hey that's a thing that team is really good at and I want 29:57 everybody to notice this is a this is you know for example the superhuman team 30:01 you know one of their values is to create remarkable delight which if 30:04 you're if you're a user of the product you immediately know what that means I 30:08 mean it's a it's a it's a value I think is um it meets this test I always use 30:12 for values is uh it's reverse identifiable like if I told you What's a 30:16 company that has a value like create remarkable delight? You'd probably name 30:19 three or four companies and and my guess is superhuman would be one of them on 30:22 the list. Yeah. Superhuman, linear, like Yeah. 30:25 You're just there's just not Apple, right? There's not there's not 30:27 that many, right? There's a handful where you can see it in their DNA is the 30:31 hey, we're going to make uh and and the words are very carefully chosen. 30:35 Remarkable, delight. It's you you delight is a goal. Like you want people 30:39 to have that sense of joy, that sense of glee. And remarkable means it needs to 30:43 be good enough that they actually remark on it. They actually they actually talk 30:47 about it. And I think that that's a really high bar for for delight. And you 30:51 know, so we took that and we said, "Okay, this is a thing that this team is 30:54 really really good at." And we just amplified it. We we put it into our 30:57 joint values. We we made sure there was lots of examples of it. I made sure 31:01 Rahul uh talked about it with the team, gave people some sense of what it means, 31:05 what examples where it showed up. Um and it was, you know, really helpful to do 31:09 that. So I think with each each company you just have to you have to do that 31:13 amplification. Uh and the last thing I'd say is you want to intermix a bit and 31:16 and I think the you know sometimes you you build up a company out of multiple 31:21 uh companies and you try to separate them as much as possible and I do think 31:24 there's something to the don't don't shake up too much too fast. Um but a 31:29 little bit of that cross-pollination you know goes a long way to creating the new 31:34 identity. Um and I think I think we've done a pretty good job of that so far. 31:38 Uh but we'll see. So we're getting a sense of like uh what 31:42 I would call like Shashir's bag of tricks. But um another thing you're 31:45 known for is collecting rituals. Like you study companies, you pay attention 31:49 to how they operate. Like this is something since I've known you, you've 31:52 talked about this. Um are there common rituals that you think 31:57 are especially effective at driving organizational change in the AI era? And 32:03 the flip side, are there common rituals that you think are actually no longer 32:07 relevant and maybe actively harmful in the age of AI? 32:11 Oh, that's interesting. Um, okay. So, first off, the comment on rituals, and I 32:14 I do think the term rituals is a really interesting one. I think it's uh um when 32:19 when you hear it this way, I it's it's a very sticky concept. And I think, you 32:24 know, my my history of Ritual started with a um was on the board of this small 32:30 startup with um fellow board member, a guy named Bing Gordon. And Bing is um he 32:35 was a chief creative chief creative officer at Electronic Arts. Um he's 32:39 since gone on to be a great investor. He's uh you know, Amazon, Zingga, many 32:43 of the companies he's he's been very deeply involved with. And he kept 32:46 harassing this board member with this question. He said, "What are your golden 32:50 rituals?" Um, and uh, the the CEO of this company at some point stopped and 32:55 said, "Bing, I don't know what you mean. What's a golden ritual?" And Bing gave a 32:58 really clear definition. It's really stuck with me. And Bing said, "Look, 33:01 great companies have a small list of golden rituals and they meet three 33:04 tests. Um, number one, um, uh, every employee knows them by their first 33:10 Friday. Number two, they're named. And number three, uh, they're templatized." 33:16 And each of these turns out to be a pretty essential part of these these 33:20 great rituals. And so once I heard that, I got really interested in the idea. I 33:24 started talking to everybody I could about what are your rituals? And and 33:27 actually during co we started doing this dinner series um where people would get 33:31 on virtual dinner and we shared rituals and I took those and I turned them into 33:34 I've been turning them solely into a book. I wish I was moving faster on 33:37 this. I've now interviewed over a thousand different teams companies on 33:41 and I'm taking sort of the best hundred rituals and turning them then to this uh 33:45 into this book that's all about rituals and if anybody wants to read it rituals 33:48 of great teams.com I'm publishing a chapter at a time um and uh you know 33:53 people can get a sense of lots of different rituals including a bunch from 33:56 uh from Zapier uh thank you wait for your contributions the uh um so I think 34:01 I think the concept of rituals is is is really interesting could be really 34:04 powerful maybe one last thing I'd say about the frame on rituals is um Darash 34:08 gave me Dashshai is the the this uh the co-founder of HubSpot. He gave me a way 34:14 to think about that I thought was really interesting. He was sharing one of his 34:16 rituals with me. The ritual he shared is called flash tags which is a a really 34:20 fun ritual worth looking up. Um but he also gave me this analogy. He said he he 34:24 was really excited to talk to me and he said you the reason I'm so excited to 34:27 talk about rituals is he said I think as companies we actually build two 34:30 products. We build one for our customers and we build another one for our 34:33 employees. And when people talk about the product you build for your 34:36 employees, they often give it a name like culture. And culture is a good 34:40 name, but actually if you ask people to describe culture, they will describe it 34:44 through rituals. And that and his point was that rituals are the mirror of 34:48 culture. Um they usually go hand in hand. And we put so much thought into 34:52 designing the product for our customers. We should put that much thought into 34:55 designing the product for our team. And the way to do that is to really obsess 35:00 over our rituals. So that's a little bit of uh you know maybe background on on 35:05 the concept you know in terms of uh what does it mean in the uh age of AI. I mean 35:10 I think it means something different in every different age. I mean I think you 35:13 know you guys are Zapier is known for being uh a distributed company before it 35:18 was cool. Um and I think that some of the rituals you've shared with me 35:21 started with that insight of hey we're going to be distributed. We're going to 35:25 do things a little bit differently. And you know I borrowed and mimicked a bunch 35:27 of those rituals. We now run our our pulse at the beginning of our staff 35:30 meetings. I very similarly I think to to how you showed me you did it at at at 35:35 Zapier. Um so I think there's each you know big change can change some rituals. 35:40 I also point out there's many rituals that don't change and I I think there's 35:43 a lot of rituals for which um you know the essence of how you make good 35:48 decisions or so on. There's a lot of things that didn't didn't change that 35:51 much. Um, so in terms of things that have changed in both directions, the new 35:56 things and things that we probably should do less of, I think there's sort 35:59 of two obvious examples. Um, the new thing that's happened with AI is I think 36:04 the the simplest version of it is, uh, we can go from idea to prototype to 36:11 actualization faster than we ever had before. And that just fundamentally 36:15 changes how many of our rituals work, how decision-m works, how idea 36:20 generation works. It's just your expectation starts in a very different 36:23 spot. Um, and you just expect that even when we're talking about the uh the idea 36:28 in the very first interaction, you know, we expect there to be the live 36:32 prototype. We expect that that the question of hey, can you try it again in 36:36 a different color? Can you try it again with the button over there? Doesn't wait 36:39 a week or two weeks. It happens in that meeting. We're going to see it again and 36:43 maybe that but does that look better? Um and I think that that idea of we are 36:49 working with work artifacts in a malleable uh you know concrete way much 36:55 much earlier in the process I think is really exciting and you know I I was 36:59 giving some of the analogy of when I I my first software job was working at 37:02 Microsoft and I um at the time it took us three years to ship product of which 37:07 the last year and a half was test and release manufacturing was printing CDs. 37:10 Um, and so the the the early part of it was, you know, you would come and you 37:14 would, you know, write these really elaborate specs and you would like you'd 37:18 spend all this time in definition, cover all your cases and you try to get 37:21 everything down and then three years later you'd have product. And then I got 37:24 to Google and we shipped every day and it was like dramatically different. You 37:29 know, the whole process felt different. And now all of a sudden you can go and 37:33 ship like in the meeting and you can ship at you can ship many variations of 37:37 the idea. So in my mind that's the thing that has become uh the rituals that are 37:42 going to dramatically change for the positive. The rituals that I think are 37:46 going to go away hopefully is all the busy work rituals. Um and I think 37:51 there's there's so many rituals in companies that are focused on collecting 37:55 up the status reports and the you know there's a whole movie made about it with 37:59 office space. they, you know, have you submitted your TPS report? And, you 38:02 know, we all watched it and we we laughed about it, but actually, you 38:06 know, I was talking to a product manager at this other company and they said, you 38:09 know, they counted up their time spent in a week and they were like, I probably 38:12 spend 60 70% of my time taking the same set of updates and recasting them 38:18 slightly different ways for every audience. And in the meantime, by the 38:21 time at at the end of it, they're all stale already and actually not they're 38:25 actually not that not that important. Um, and so I think that kind of busy 38:29 work is really going to go away and we we're going to be able to get a real 38:33 time, you know, on one side we're going to get these concrete representations of 38:36 what we're working on. The other side we're going to free up our people to not 38:40 do this sort of mundane uh collection process, busy work process because 38:45 that's like the easiest thing that you can imagine our AI systems doing for us. 38:49 So those are the sort of two extremes I think. I was wondering what examples you 38:54 would give and those were the two that were in the back of my head as key 38:57 changes we've seen as well too is I I can't tell you how often I'll get off of 39:00 like a call with a customer and just like feed the transcript into Claude and 39:04 be like hey can you like turn this into a PRD and then take that over to Claude 39:08 Code or Lovable or something like that and be like all right make this look 39:10 this particular way and it's just yeah you can literally go in 15 minutes like 39:15 be like all right I got something I can show you which is crazy and then the 39:18 update side of the house my goodness I can't tell you how often in In the past, 39:22 I've had to like try and get folks to be like, "Look, I don't need you to overdo 39:25 it. I don't need you to polish. I don't need like But to your point, it's like 39:28 it's so hard to do a good update. Like, it's so challenging." And with AI, like 39:32 you can get these ambient updates sort of like out of the like you can just 39:36 extract it from the exhaust of the company. It's it's it's fantastic. 39:40 Yeah. Um, last topic for you. So, you have um 39:47 a chance to like work with three pretty distinct customer bases now. Grammarly, 39:51 of course, has 40 million active users. Everyone, you know, lots of, from my 39:54 understanding, lots of students, lots of um non-native English speakers. Um, just 39:59 a huge variety of customers there. With KOD, you know, you're in a lot of tech 40:03 companies and, uh, and a lot of enterprises and, you know, superhumans 40:06 probably got a lot of or male, I should say. Now, it's going to take me a minute 40:09 to get that right. It's okay. I think I do. 40:13 Um, it's got a lot of, you know, um, you know, busy people, executives, leaders 40:18 that are sort of doing these products. Maybe I don't have the quite like the 40:21 right uh personas, but that's my mental model for these different customers. 40:24 Um what I'm curious about with this 40:26 question is when you look across these audience, how are you seeing AI adoption 40:31 spread? Like who is who is doing the best with these tools? What is actually 40:35 working? And what are the best doing that's enabling to to change the way 40:39 they work to achieve bigger results compared to maybe the rest of us? I 40:44 mean, first off, I'd say for all three and now four products, the audiences are 40:48 there's definitely a home base for each product, but they're incredibly broad 40:51 audiences. I mean, Grammarly is certainly known for its uh um 40:56 uh uh starting at foothold in education and it's about a third of of the users 41:01 are students. Um but it means two-thirds of the users are professionals. And it's 41:05 very common that we'll show up to the largest enterprise in the world before 41:09 we've done a sales call and they'll have 10,000 active grammar users. And so 41:13 there's a it's a really wide spectrum. You can't get to 40 million daily active 41:17 users without without seeing that kind of uh that kind of spread. Um you know 41:22 similarly if I look at Kota you know KOD is is very popular with tech teams and 41:26 so on but you know recently for whatever reason Kota's gotten very hot with 41:31 sports teams. Um you know so I I probably can't say which ones without 41:35 taking credit for the records but you know it's a really wide set of uh 41:40 companies. you know, the the New York Times and Snap and, you know, there's 41:44 all these different companies that are that are in different er different parts 41:47 of the the world and and same with male. Mail's very well known for the busy 41:51 professional, but actually the the the foothold in the sales audience and so on 41:55 is is just as big. But interestingly, when I looked up and part of what 41:59 motivated me to buy the superhuman mail company was I looked at our own data at 42:04 KOD and uh we had I was a very early superhuman mail user. been a fan for a 42:09 very long time and I think when the CEO use it, it sort of tends to trickle down 42:13 and half of the company was active users of superhuman mail. Um, and it wasn't 42:17 the CEO and the and the sales team and the recruiters, it was the engineers and 42:22 the designers and they just wanted that that better design product. And and so I 42:27 do think there's a um there are products that are very narrow in a function 42:31 definitionally like it just doesn't make a lot of sense to use Salesforce if 42:35 you're not a salesperson. Um, and then there's products that are horizontal by 42:38 nature, but have have a have a a wedge in their in their product market fit 42:44 journey. Um, and I think those those are really interesting to me because I I 42:48 think those are many cases when you bring those products together, you start 42:52 to stretch people's definitions and you start to see uh actually I did want a 42:57 better mail experience. And yeah, I'm not the one that sends all the sales 43:00 requests, but you know, I'm I'm an engineer and I get a [ __ ] ton of emails 43:04 about every pull request and about uh about every recruiting candidate, and 43:07 I'm pretty busy, too. Um, and so I think that that idea, I think, is is uh is 43:12 really helpful. Um, you know, in terms of what what people are are doing within 43:17 AI in each of those places. And I I do think it leads to very different 43:21 experiences, right? So, you know, for for Grammarly, it's um it's really 43:25 surprising. you mentioned a couple of the audiences, you know, how do students 43:27 use it? Students use it, they get a better grade, they get they they learn 43:30 grammar, they get a better grade, and I think it's a it's a, you know, easy 43:33 value proposition. Um, you know, ESL, uh, learners, uh, people people are 43:38 picking up English as a second language, a big audience. Um, and you know, that 43:42 audience is they're trying to to look smart in a language they're not as 43:45 familiar in. Uh, we now support multilingual, so we get the other way 43:47 around. Um, so we get people where where uh, English is their first language and 43:51 they're picking up something else and that's also really helpful. um the uh 43:56 you know I think in each case it's a it's a little bit different in KOD the 44:00 the AI use tends to be blended with other workflows um so for example you 44:04 know we did this big launch I wanted to send out a personal sounding email to a 44:08 lot of our investors and advisers uh it's a pretty big list um so I had AI 44:13 help me write all those different uh mails knowing enough about each person 44:17 what we were doing and customizing it a bit for yeah I saw you last week at this 44:21 event um and yeah I want to let you know about this new thing we're we're 44:25 launching. Uh you know for mail I think a lot of the a lot of the attention has 44:30 been on the the two hottest AI features autodrafting and auto labeling. Um 44:34 they're both really really productive features. Um autodrafting is a somewhat 44:38 obvious one. I think that's a um I think the ability to autodraft emails to to 44:43 people is something kind of you know it's designed around the salesperson, 44:46 the recruiter or so on but actually is pretty magical for just about anything. 44:50 But I'll tell you autoleing is the the the sleeper hit. I mean I I I fell in 44:55 love with that feature because it for me I actually respond to a very very small 44:59 portion of email and my guess is you're the same and so I spent most of my time 45:03 spent in email is processing uh and I think that ability to presort as I you 45:07 know I was moving my mail system from our Koda domain to our Grammarly domain 45:13 and I had over the years I developed um I think it was like a thousand filter 45:18 rules in in Gmail because you know 11 years of like every time I'm like All 45:22 right, I'll write a rule that keeps this stuff out of my inbox. And I was I've 45:25 gotten pretty good at doing it. It was a little bit of my Saturday morning ritual 45:28 to write these rules. And then I come in, I'm like, what the hell am I going 45:31 to do? I'm going to move all these rules. It's going to be impossible. And 45:34 so I went and wrote like three or four of these AI based prompts. And it just 45:38 like magically worked and I moved none of the rules. And it just it sort of it 45:42 was amazing how you could take a task like that and just sort of transform uh 45:47 the the application. And then, you know, and then of course with Go, I think it's 45:50 it's we're going to see we're early in how people are using Go. Uh but the 45:55 really surprising use cases. I mean, you know, people getting warned of uh issues 45:59 while they're writing something. Hey, that's the wrong uh that's the wrong 46:03 name of the customer. I mean, one of my favorites is how often you misspell your 46:06 own name. That's kind of a fun one. It's like, you know, you want to be 46:10 embarrassed. Uh and all the way to I mean, Go connects to everything. And so, 46:13 you know, I I was talking to one of the engineers and they were just so excited 46:16 like you know what I did today and I said what'd you do? He said I told go 46:20 can you extend this meeting by two hours and decline all the rest of the 46:23 meetings. I just went and did it. Uh and so it's you know lots of different 46:27 things that you can start doing with these products. So, you know, pretty 46:30 broad set of users and a very broad set of use cases. 46:34 That uh uh labeling example is one of my favorite AI use cases too. I have a Zap 46:40 year agent setup that does this. And to your point, 46:42 like it sifts through probably 100 plus emails that I get a day, but in my 46:48 inbox, I'm usually looking at less than 10 at any given time. Like it's a pretty 46:53 small number of folk because it just turns out there's just a bunch of stuff 46:55 that comes in that it's not necessarily for me. It's for 46:59 something else. Yeah. 47:00 And I I bet that zap went from being a bunch of structured rules. So you stuck 47:04 a little AI prompt in the middle of it. Yeah. It's pretty simple. Yeah. And then 47:07 I can go tweak it if it doesn't quite get something right and, you know, or 47:10 not. But it's, you know, it's it's like, hey, if someone looks like they're 47:13 looking for a job, like toss a hiring label on it and forward it to these 47:16 hiring teams. Like it's pretty natural language, which is incredible. 47:21 I mean, that's also an interesting observation. I think Zap Zapier and Kota 47:24 share that sort of view of, you know, AI is even more powerful when it can 47:30 connect to your tools and it can be an, you know, the when the actuators are 47:33 there. It's I I kind of envision it a little bit like, you know, the the the 47:38 robots are, you know, interesting. you need the actuators, you need them to 47:41 actually be able to do things. Um, and I think that's a it's a similar AI 47:45 philosophy. I think the metaphor we use a lot internally is 47:48 that um, we have, you know, AI like whether it's, you know, chatg or cloud 47:53 or Gemini, like this is the brains, but it needs arms and legs 47:57 to like go do stuff. And so that's where, you know, providing it access to 48:00 tools and uh, your the apps you use, the surfaces you spend your time in is like 48:05 so powerful. That's right. Yeah. Absolutely. Um, last 48:08 question for you. What advice do you have for leaders who 48:13 are out there trying to change their culture, trying to get the teams to 48:16 adopt AI more, trying to get them to shift from one way of being to another? 48:21 You've, you know, obviously had a massive change management exercise over 48:26 these companies. And I'm curious if you could leave them with one advice on uh 48:29 what to do next or or how to best navigate this moment, what would it be? 48:36 You know, I I feel like I get this question a lot. And the the um uh 48:42 I I think there are sort of two different kinds of AI that we're seeing 48:45 really matter in in people's workplaces. Um and there's the supervisible and the 48:51 super invisible AI. And I and I end up uh and I'll I'll I'll talk my own book a 48:56 little bit on this, but you know the the the super visible thing is probably 49:00 close to what we were talking about with rituals is the you need to take every 49:04 you need to run a hackathon and teach every single person in your team that 49:08 they can take whe what whatever it is it's called code it's lovable it's 49:11 cursor so on and we just did this and we took our recruiting team and had them 49:15 build apps and it was just they were just shocked they could rebuild Koda 49:19 they could rebuild Grammarly and it was like literally people that had never 49:22 looked at or thought about a line of code had a functioning prototype of a 49:26 dream thing that they wanted and it it's it totally changes your perspective. So 49:30 I'd say you got to unlock people's people have a mental block of I'm not a 49:34 builder and you got to unblock it for them and you got to give them give them 49:37 that chance. And so I think that's really important and a lot of people's 49:41 heads go there with with hey I want my my team is AI native and you the reason 49:45 I know is because everybody can build prototypes but then I think the other 49:48 piece is what what I call the invisible AI. If you go to the other side of those 49:51 rituals is you got to deploy the tools that give people the ability to to have 49:56 blend AI into the workflow. And you know that's that's certainly what we do here. 49:59 I mean I think we build you know Grammarly Koda Mail and Go are all you 50:03 know the they're they're all built to be that horizontal AI where the little 50:09 things you're doing are all pulled together. And you know Grammarly people 50:13 don't even think about as an AI provider. We do Gramly does a 100red 50:16 billion LLM calls a week. it would be a top, you know, four or five AI provider 50:20 in the world um if we were if we were sort of judging that way. But it's, you 50:24 know, these things are they're sort of they're just built into the fabric of 50:27 how your how your team works and you got to embrace and allow all those tools to 50:31 to get deployed and spread as well. So maybe two too extreme for what I would 50:35 do. I love it. That's it for today's episode 50:38 of Agents of Scale. Shashir, thanks for coming on and congrats on Superhum. 50:44 All right. Thanks, Wade.