Dr. Stephen Barr, president of the Society of Catholic Scientists, argues that the supposed war between science and religion is a myth resting on confused philosophy, bad history, and a misreading of scientific discovery. Philosophically, he traces the modern idea of "laws of nature" back to the biblical conception of God as rational lawgiver, and uses the primary/secondary causality distinction—illustrated by asking what caused Polonius's death in Hamlet (Hamlet's dagger and Shakespeare's pen are both 100% the cause, at different levels)—to show that natural explanations and divine causation aren't competitors. Historically, he dismantles the 19th-century "conflict thesis" popularized by Draper and White, noting that virtually every founder of modern science (Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, Descartes, Pascal, Boyle, Newton) was a devout believer, and that Catholic priests founded entire fields of science outright: Mendel (genetics), Lemaître (Big Bang cosmology), Steno (geology), Secchi (astrophysics), and Mersenne (acoustics). Turning to the actual content of 20th-century discoveries, Barr walks through five "plot twists" that moved science closer to, not further from, the religious picture of the world: the universe turns out to have had a beginning (the Big Bang); quantum mechanics undercut the deterministic physics that seemed to rule out free will; the universe's finely-tuned laws appear "tailor-made" for life (per Hawking and Witten, both non-believers); the universe's vast size and age are a precondition for, not evidence against, our existence; and quantum measurement suggests consciousness isn't fully reducible to matter. He closes by quoting physicist Ed Witten's remark that the mathematical structure of physics makes it seem "as though the world had been created by a mathematician."
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