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Welcome to make EdTech 100.

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I am LindyHoc Educator, K 12
Ed Tech Advisor, and your host.

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This is a podcast where we keep it real
about what actually works in classrooms.

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No hype, no overwhelm, just practical
strategies, honest stories and

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tools that make a real difference
for teachers and students.

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So come along with me on a
journey to make EdTech 100.

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It is a big day today at Make Ed Tech 100.

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First of all, it is March 27th, which
means it is officially AI Literacy Day.

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Speaker: Secondly, it is the
10th episode of Make Ed Tech 100.

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We made it.

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thank you for sticking around
through the first episodes.

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We're figuring out the technical
things and trying to make your listing

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and experience the best it can be.

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I think I have gone through, no
joke, five pairs of headphones for

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interview episodes, and I'm still
not happy with what I have right now.

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So if you have a headphone
recommendation, that won't cause

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one mic bleed, and two, it has to
provide a great listening and talking.

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Experience.

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I am all ears, pun intended.

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The ones that I have right now,
the first ones caused some mic

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bleed, so I was getting echo.

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And then the ones I have now are
just not a great listening experience

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and listening and talking experience
when I'm interviewing people.

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So that's where we're at.

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Anyway, again, thank you.

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Thank you.

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We made it to episode 10.

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We're figuring it out.

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Thanks for listening and sticking around.

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However, that is not what today is about
because today is National AI Literacy Day.

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So question number one is AI
literacy a tech check or a tech rec?

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I do this to some of my guests,
so I have to do it to myself.

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If you followed any of my
work, you know that I have been

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traveling the country literally.

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Preaching.

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Literally traveling and preaching
the importance of AI literacy.

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AI literacy is a giant tech
check, so it is quite literally

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my jam to talk about this.

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I want to spend AI Literacy day
talking about something else.

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I have been traveling in the country
preaching something else, but yet related,

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and that is the research on AI literacy.

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The research plus my personal experience
teaching AI to people of all ages is

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what is driving my push to educate and
preach everyone on A, the importance

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of AI literacy, and B, increasing
AI literacy and people of all ages.

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Let's start with a definition,
just in case you're not familiar

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with the term AI literacy, and make
sure we're all on the same page

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of what we're talking about here.

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There are a lot.

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Of definitions out there, and I
mean like a lot, a lot, a lot.

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But I like to use the definition from
digital promises, AI literacy framework.

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It says the knowledge and skills that
enable humans to critically understand,

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use, and evaluate AI systems and tools
to safely and ethically participate

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in an increasingly digital world.

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I like this definition because
it has three clear verbs,

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understand, use, and evaluate.

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It's really easy to remember, and
they have this really great graphic

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that shows how all three of those
verbs have to occur together.

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So if you don't understand ai,
you won't know how to effectively

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use it and evaluate it.

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If you don't use ai, you're not
going to fully understand it.

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If you don't know how to evaluate AI
outputs, then you aren't fully using

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and understanding it, et cetera.

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There are several studies out there
that define AI literacy, and lots

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and lots and lots of frameworks
that define AI literacy as well.

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In fact, the number of published
definitions doubled between 2022 and 2024.

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I told you, there's a lot
of definitions out there.

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So like I said, I like
the digital promise.

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AI literacy framework definition, but
if you want more of a definition coming

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from a research study, there is one study
called What is AI Literacy Competencies

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and Design Considerations, and its
definition is a set of competencies

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that enables individuals to critically
evaluate AI technologies effectively

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communicate and collaborate with ai.

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Use AI as a tool online at
home and in the workplace.

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So all the definitions are
basically saying the same thing

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in just using different words.

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Basically, AI literacy is the
foundation of healthy, productive,

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and ethical and responsible AI use.

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What is the research
saying about AI literacy?

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This first study I share in almost
every AI training I do for educators.

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It shows the correlation
of AI literacy and AI use.

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The study calls it propensity to use ai.

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That's what they call AI use essentially.

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And the name of the study is lower
artificial intelligence literacy

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predicts greater AI receptivity.

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So in not so many words, this study
found that as a person's AI literacy

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increases their propensity to use
ai actually decreases the study,

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calls it the magical thinking trap.

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And this is a quote
directly from this study.

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This lower literacy greater receptivity
link is not explained by differences

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in perceptions of AI's capability.

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Ethicality or feared impact on humanity.

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Instead, this link occurs because
people with lower AI literacy are more

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likely to perceive AI as magical and
experience feelings of awe in the face

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of AI's, execution of tasks that seem
to require uniquely human attributes.

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In other words, when you don't
understand how AI works, that

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it's just a predicting machine.

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It's just predicting the next token.

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You view it as magical and are in
awe that it can do human-like tasks.

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This magical thinking results in less
critical evaluation of AI's outputs.

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You think it's the answer
to everything you think that

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you can just copy and paste.

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The outputs that it gives you
and you don't need to review

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and you don't need to edit them.

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One more thing I want to note about this
particular study is that it's not an

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education study, so most people are like,
oh, this come from a college of education.

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Nope.

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Nope.

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It's a marketing study that
comes from multiple business

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professors from different business.

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Schools, higher education
institutions, I should say, and

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this really hits home for me.

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The last two sentences of the abstract
of this study says, these findings

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suggest that companies may benefit
from shifting their marketing efforts

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and product development toward
consumers with lower AI literacy.

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In addition, efforts to demystify ai AKA.

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Increase their AI literacy may
inadvertently reduce its appeal.

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So just stop and think
about that for a second.

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This means that companies are preying
on people with low AI literacy to

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get them to buy their stuff.. This
is a problem for society as a whole.

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Especially for our vulnerable
populations, which includes our kids.

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And if you're teaching at the higher ed,
not K 12 level, most of your students,

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the majority of your students still
do not have fully developed brains.

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Our brains don't fully
develop till around 25.

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So the majority of college aged kids
still have underdeveloped brains.

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I still consider them to
be a vulnerable population.

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Next study is called Chat, GPT in
lesson preparation, and it gives us

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insights into AI literacy as well as
whether teachers can leverage generative

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AI to save time on instructional
preparation while not decreasing quality.

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That's something I've been
thinking about a lot lately.

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So in the study, teachers
were split into two groups.

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One was asked to not use
generative AI for lesson planning.

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The second group was provided access to
chat GPT as well as a guide for how to

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use chat GPT for instructional planning.

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Okay.

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So they got a guide that helped
them how to learn how to use it.

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For this task, the teachers with
access to chat GPT spent 31% less time

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creating lessons than their peers.

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And here is the important part.

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There was no detectable differences
in lesson quality, so multiple

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AI literacy pieces here.

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First thing to note is
they were given guidance.

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They weren't just handed chat, GPT and
one thing I didn't note here, , their

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time savings increased over time.

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So like the first, I wanna
say eight to 10 weeks.

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, They had like around like a 25% savings
or 20% savings, something like that.

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And then over six months, that time saving
increased to 31%, but wait for this and no

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detectable differences in lesson quality.

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Here's the AI literacy
piece . Teachers use of AI tools.

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So I told you over time
their time savings increased.

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Their use of AI tools decreased
from 39% to 29%, yet their savings

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not only persisted, but increased.

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So the study says that quote, suggesting
teachers quickly learn where AI adds

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value and deploy it more selectively.

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So this is really reinforcing
this idea of when you.

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Increase AI literacy.

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Your use of AI or propensity to use
AI actually goes down because you

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start to learn when can it help me?

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When can it not help me?

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When should I use it?

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When should I not use it?

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This is really reflected in my personal
use of this technology as well.

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Those two studies show the amount
of AI use, but several other

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studies note a troubling gap
between AI use and AI literacy.

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We know students are already using
AI students of all ages with or

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without guidance, so whether you.

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Show them how to use it, right?

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Whether you ban block,
open, it doesn't matter.

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The research suggests that if the use is
unguided, it leads to passive consumption,

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AKA copy pasting outputs rather than
collaborative iterative engagement that

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actually improves learning outcomes.

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The question isn't, will they use it,
but do they have the literacy to use it?

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Well, I will link to one of
these studies in the show notes.

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And by the way, I will link to, , all of
the studies I referenced, or if I'm kind

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of summarizing, I'll link to, , a couple
of the studies that I'm referencing now.

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These studies are focusing
specifically on AI skills.

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There are studies that find that
AI literacy instruction doesn't

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just teach students about ai.

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It tends to develop transferable
skills such as critical engagement,

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reflection, and metacognition iteration,
communication and collaboration,

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creativity, and even emotional
regulation for certain populations of

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students like multilingual learners.

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In other words, when you increase AI
literacy, you aren't just focusing on ai.

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You aren't just focusing
on the technology.

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And I'm hearing this a lot.

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We don't have time for this.

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I get it.

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Those darn standardized tests
dictate everything we do.

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We've got these massive
standards we have to hit.

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These curriculums that aren't
super flexible all of the time,

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but the research is telling us
that we have to find the time.

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And my approach, if you follow my
work, is that I really have this

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idea that AI literacy is core and.

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Emerging technologies, technology in
general doesn't exist outside of humans.

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Humans create technology because they went
to school and learned core curriculum.

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So I kind of take this approach as
it doesn't need to be a standalone.

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Thing.

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It doesn't need to be that we whittle
out more time for another class.

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It should be integrated into what we're
already teaching and , these studies

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that are showing that it's, they're
not just learning about the tech,

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they're not just learning about ai.

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So much of AI literacy is understanding
how to have a thought partner and

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iterate and collaborate, for example.

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That is a summary of the why,
why AI literacy is important.

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But let's look at what the research
says about when we should teach AI

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literacy for the rest of these points,
I'm gonna give more of an overview and

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summary of the research in general,
rather than going into the specifics

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about specific studies, but again, I'll
put those links in the show notes, or

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I'll put links to a few of the studies
I'm referencing in the show notes.

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In terms of when most of the research we
have on AI literacy programs is focused

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on middle school, high school, higher ed.

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In fact, Stanford just recently, so
Stanford has this AI and education

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hub and it has a repository of over
800 AI and education research studies.

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They did a summary of it just a few
weeks ago of kind of looking at those

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800 studies in the repository and
saying , what do these studies say?

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And one of the main findings of that
review was that K five AI literacy is

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really understudied and no surprise.

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Higher ed is the most studied.

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That is always the case with research.

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By the way, I have a book about online
learning, and I say in that book that

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there's way more research on online
learning at the higher ed level than

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there is at the K 12 level, but.

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It makes sense because college professors
are the ones doing the research.

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They have much easier access to college
aged students than K 12 aged students.

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So what we have to do is we have to
take the findings from that research

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that is focused on higher ed and kind
of combine it with our experience

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to find this happy medium space.

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Moral of the story, there's not a
ton of research on kind of the win.

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When you get down to elementary age
students, however, there is a framework

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called AI 4K 12 that maps out AI literacy
concepts across all grade levels.

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And what that framework makes clear
is that the foundational concepts like

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what is ai, how does it make decisions?

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Who builds it?

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Why do they build it?

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They are absolutely teachable in
elementary school and even preschool.

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Don't panic.

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I'll talk more about that in a second.

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So the moral is they typically
we're waiting until kids get to

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high school to take like a computer
science class, maybe middle school.

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We might be embedding some
computational thinking in stem

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and steam and elementary school.

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, But really we need to be
doing it as soon as possible.

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And I say.

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Honestly, as soon as kids start
to talk and can communicate and

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understand what you're saying, you
need to start having the conversations.

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And the key word there is conversations.

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That does not mean some people,
like I said, don't panic.

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Some people take it to mean
that I say we need to teach AI

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literacy as soon as possible.

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They, we as humans go
to the extreme, right?

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So your mind goes to, oh my gosh, we're
gonna put kindergartners in Chad, GBT.

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No.

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Not the case at all.

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So much of AI literacy work that I do
is not using AI directly, and actually

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a lot of it is no tech or very, very
low tech with students of all ages.

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I'm super excited.

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I did this Kickstarter for this AI
literacy card deck for elementary kids.

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I haven't got it yet, but I
think it should be coming soon.

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And it's basically just a big set
of cards that are all completely

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no tech activities or discussions
starters that you can use with kids

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to start talking about AI literacy.

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So that's the key.

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Start talking, start
having the conversations.

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I always use the example.

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Of what we call in my house, the
lady in the corner, A-K-A-A-L-E-X-A,

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I can't say it or else.

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It'll start talking to me because I
have one in the corner of the room here.

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, How many households have
those, or Hey, Google devices.

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I don't know what those are called.

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I think they're called, Hey, Google.

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I do not have those, or phones that have
S-I-R-I-I can't say that one either.

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'cause my phone is right here.

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I have this whole session I do.

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That's all about basically this idea that.

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We don't access technology
just through a screen anymore.

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Think about it.

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The lady in the corner , has
a bit of a screen.

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The hate Googles, I don't
think have a screen at all.

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You know, I always use an example of
walking to school this morning or work.

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Your face was highly likely
scanned by a video camera using AI

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technologies to do facial recognition.

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That's not a screen that's not sitting in
front of a computer and interacting with

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a keyboard and a mouse or a touch screen,
technology is literally the infrastructure

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of the world that we live in.

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And because of that, you really can't
avoid it if you're a member of society.

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And we need to have these
conversations as soon as possible.

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So bottom line on timing, don't
wait and definitely don't assume AI

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literacy is only for computer science
teachers or only for high school kids

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. We've covered the why.

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We've covered the win.

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Let's talk about the how.

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How do we teach AI literacy?

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There is not a ton of research on the
how, but what we do have points to

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three things it needs to be hands-on.

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It needs to be iterative, and it works
best when it's integrated across subjects

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rather than siloed into one class.

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So exactly what I said from my experience.

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I'm really focusing on, Hey, you
don't need an AI literacy class.

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You don't need an AI class.

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We need to give teachers the knowledge
and curriculum to be able to do

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this and integrate it into math.

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And yes, ELA, social studies,
electives, everything.

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Technology and ai.

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And it's not just ai.

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We're talking AI today,
'cause it's AI Literacy day.

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And this is really one of my passions
and goals in my life right now is

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to talk about AI literacy because
I think it is the bedrock of our

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society going in positive directions
But AI literacy is just a branch.

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A very big important branch, not
just a branch under digital literacy.

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So it's more than just ai.

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And now pretty much any tech has an
element of AI in it, it's teaching

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digital literacy and digital citizenship
concepts embedded throughout our

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curriculum and every content area.

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Back to the how I said,
it needs to be iterative.

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It needs to be hands on.

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This means we're talking about
project based learning, collaborative

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problem solving, real world
context, not worksheets about

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ai, not watching videos about ai.

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That doesn't mean that that can be a
tiny part of it, but if your AI literacy

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work or digital literacy work in general.

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Is students passively only watching
videos and completing worksheets?

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No, that can be part of it and often
having some videos about how AI works.

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I know code.org has some great
videos about how AI works is a

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great starting point and sparks the
conversation, but that can't be it.

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That's kind of the, how do we teach
it from the student learner lens, but

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it's important to talk about teachers
in particular and how should we teach

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AI literacy to teachers And surprise,
surprise, no, not surprise at all.

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The research says that technical
training alone is not enough.

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I've been saying this for years,
not just me, me and others that

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work in my instructional technology
field, that we can't just teach

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teachers point and click training.

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It can't just be technical training.

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It has to be embedded.

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Into their curriculum and instruction
and framed around pedagogy, and

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the research is reflecting this.

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So there's a study that did
a systematic review of 43

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studies on teacher professional
development for AI in particular.

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And they found that schools were
teachers actually changed their practice.

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Were the schools that combined
technical , skill building

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with pedagogical reflection.

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Ongoing support and a culture that
made it safe to experiment and fail.

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Now I saved the best for last.

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We did the why.

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We did the, when we did the how.

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What's the research saying about those?

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But it's important to know
what are students saying when

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it comes to AI and AI literacy

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the consensus is they
are saying, teach us.

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They want to be taught how
to use it appropriately and

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ethically and responsibly.

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There's a lot of studies
out there on this.

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No surprise, they're almost
mostly higher ed focus, but.

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We have to take at a K 12 level,
take the findings from that.

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I don't think there's this cutoff
at age 18 where we all of a

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sudden like shift as a learner.

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Again, our brains aren't fully developed
till around 25, so I think we can take

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a lot from these higher ed studies.

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, There's a study out there that looked at
99 different studies, and they synthesized

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all those studies where they interviewed
students, all higher ed students on their

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thoughts and their attitudes towards
generative AI in particular, and here's a

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little clip from the summary of the study.

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Students are already using generative AI
widely, but often lack confidence about

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quality, ethics, and appropriate use.

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They argue that successful integration
of gen, AI and higher education depends

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on giving students explicit guidance,
structured activities, and clear

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expectations so that they can use these
tools critically rather than passively.

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In other words, students
overwhelmingly are saying that we

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are not confident about how to use
when to use what's appropriate use.

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They want very explicit guidance and
very structured activities and very

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clear expectations on how they should
and should not use this technology.

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They want to learn how to use AI
responsibly and appropriately,

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so let's teach them.

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There you have it.

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We did the why, the when, the how
as it comes to AI literacy and

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what the research so far is saying.

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We also looked at what are students
saying, but it's important to note that

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this is very much a developing area.

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Very, very, very much so expect
to see more and more studies.

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This is something I am really staying on
top of and using to guide my professional

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development sessions and advice that
I'm giving to schools and teachers

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and educators and ed tech companies.

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my make ed tech 100 moment to leave you
with on this National AI literacy day

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is AI literacy is not a nice to have.

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It's a now to have, the educators
who understand that today

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are the ones who will define.

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What this is gonna look like tomorrow.

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I always say there's a lot of
different, everybody always asks

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like, you know, is AI the existential
dread end of humanity as we know it?

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Is.

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It just another tool,
just another technology.

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And my answer is always, there are a lot
of roads that we could go down with this

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technology and we wanna make sure that
we choose a road with a positive ending.

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And I really, really think that.

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AI literacy is the key to that.

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And again, the only way you are going
to be able to make sure we go down

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that positive route is to be a part
of the conversation and help define

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what does AI look like in education.

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Happy AI Literacy Day.

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Speaker 4: Thanks for
joining Make EdTech 100.

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00:27:13,884 --> 00:27:18,564
I know educator time is valuable and I'm
honored you choose to spend yours with me.

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00:27:19,614 --> 00:27:24,264
For more EdTech strategies you can use
tomorrow and ways to bring me to your

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00:27:24,264 --> 00:27:26,764
school or event, head to LindyHoc.com.

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00:27:27,954 --> 00:27:31,854
If this episode resonated, hit subscribe
so you don't miss the next one.

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00:27:32,634 --> 00:27:32,974
I'm LindyHoc.

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00:27:33,654 --> 00:27:35,964
Go forth and make EdTech 100.