Welcome to Science News Daily, where we explore the most fascinating discoveries and breakthroughs from the world of science. I'm your host, and today we have an incredible array of stories that span from the depths of our planet to the far reaches of space, with some amazing medical breakthroughs in between.

Let's start with some groundbreaking medical news. Scientists at the University of Missouri have discovered a brand new genetic disorder called Mutation in NAMPT Axonopathy, or MINA syndrome. This condition interferes with muscle control and movement, and its discovery could help doctors finally diagnose and treat patients who have been suffering from unexplained movement disorders. It's a perfect example of how genetic research continues to unlock mysteries of the human body.

Speaking of medical breakthroughs, researchers have developed a revolutionary blood test for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, also known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. This test is 96 percent accurate and could transform how we diagnose this debilitating condition that affects millions worldwide. For patients who have long been told their symptoms are all in their head, this represents validation and hope for better treatment.

Now, here's something that might surprise you - scientists think they've found the secret to reversing aging, and it comes from an unlikely source: sea squirts. A compound called plasmalogen, found in these marine creatures, appears to reverse key signs of brain aging in mice. It boosted neuron growth, reduced inflammation, and improved memory. Early human studies are showing similar benefits for women under 77 with mild cognitive decline.

In Alzheimer's research, scientists have achieved something remarkable - they've actually reversed Alzheimer's disease in mice using a completely new approach. Instead of targeting neurons or other brain cells like previous treatments, this new method focuses on restoring normal blood vessel function in the brain. It's a fresh perspective that could revolutionize how we think about treating this devastating disease.

Let's take a journey back in time - way back. Scientists have solved a geological mystery about Earth's so-called boring billion years. It turns out this period, about 1.5 billion years ago, wasn't boring at all. The breakup of the supercontinent Nuna during this time reduced volcanic carbon emissions, expanded shallow seas, and boosted oxygen availability. These changes set the stage for complex life to emerge, proving that sometimes the most dramatic changes happen slowly and quietly.

Here's a fun one for all the pasta lovers out there - scientists have finally solved the mystery of perfect spaghetti. They discovered that gluten acts like a microscopic safety net that prevents the pasta from disintegrating during cooking. This research could help improve gluten-free products, making them perform better during cooking and taste more like traditional pasta.

In brain science news, researchers have found a fascinating connection between our bodies and our memories. They discovered that adopting childlike facial expressions can help adults feel more connected to their childhood experiences and even unlock lost memories from their earliest years. It's like having a time travel trick built right into our own biology.

And speaking of brain differences, scientists have identified a key biological distinction between psychopaths and typical individuals. Brain scans reveal that psychopaths have a 10 percent larger striatum, a brain region tied to impulsivity and craving for stimulation. This discovery could lead to better understanding and interventions for antisocial behavior.

In space technology news, two PhD students in Sydney have achieved something remarkable from right here on Earth. They used artificial intelligence to fix blurring issues in NASA's James Webb Space Telescope's images. Their innovation, called AMIGO, restored the telescope's ultra-sharp vision without needing to send anyone into space - proving that sometimes the best space missions happen right from our planet.

Finally, let's talk about an incredible geological detective story. When the Tonga volcano erupted in 2022, it was so powerful that its atmospheric pressure waves traveled over 6,000 miles to Alaska and created seismic vibrations that reached at least 5 kilometers deep into the Earth's crust. This gave scientists a rare opportunity to study Alaska's deep subsurface structure, showing how interconnected our planet really is.

That wraps up today's journey through the latest in science news. From genetic discoveries to pasta physics, from brain mysteries to volcanic connections across the globe, science continues to amaze us with its ability to explain our world and potentially improve our lives. Thanks for joining us on Science News Daily. We'll be back tomorrow with more incredible discoveries from the world of science.