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If you need more accurate transcripts of an episode for ADA purposes, please contact Anthony Hanson - hans4022@umn.edu. 1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,440 I'm Ryan Miller, crop 2 00:00:01,440 --> 00:00:03,480 extension Educator earlier this morning. 3 00:00:03,480 --> 00:00:04,760 We recorded in an episode of 4 00:00:04,760 --> 00:00:07,220 the Strategic Farming Field Notes program. 5 00:00:07,220 --> 00:00:09,139 Strategic Farming Field Notes is 6 00:00:09,139 --> 00:00:10,600 a weekly program addressing 7 00:00:10,600 --> 00:00:12,399 current crop production topics. 8 00:00:12,399 --> 00:00:15,360 A live webinar is hosted at 08:00 A.M. on Wednesdays, 9 00:00:15,360 --> 00:00:16,820 throughout the cropping season. 10 00:00:16,820 --> 00:00:18,960 During the live webinar, participants can 11 00:00:18,960 --> 00:00:21,460 join in the discussion and get questions answered. 12 00:00:21,460 --> 00:00:23,679 An audio recording of the live program is 13 00:00:23,679 --> 00:00:26,800 released following the webinar via podcast platforms. 14 00:00:26,800 --> 00:00:29,559 Thanks and remember to tune in weekly for discussion 15 00:00:29,559 --> 00:00:32,959 on current cropping and crop management topics. 16 00:00:32,959 --> 00:00:34,879 Again, welcome again to 17 00:00:34,879 --> 00:00:37,610 today's Strategic Farming Field Notes program. 18 00:00:37,610 --> 00:00:39,240 Happy you joined us today. 19 00:00:39,240 --> 00:00:41,980 My name is List. I'm an extension educator in crops. 20 00:00:41,980 --> 00:00:44,560 I work out of the Worthington Regional Extension Office 21 00:00:44,560 --> 00:00:47,699 and we welcome Dr. Devlin Sarang. Here's our extension. 22 00:00:47,699 --> 00:00:49,419 We managed specialists with 23 00:00:49,419 --> 00:00:53,540 UM Extension and also Dr. Joe Eks extension. 24 00:00:53,540 --> 00:00:55,019 We managed specialists with 25 00:00:55,019 --> 00:00:57,300 North Dakota State University. 26 00:00:57,300 --> 00:01:00,639 We also thank our sponsors, Um extension, 27 00:01:00,639 --> 00:01:02,119 and generous support from 28 00:01:02,119 --> 00:01:04,819 the Minnesota Soban Research and Promotion Council 29 00:01:04,819 --> 00:01:08,179 and the Minnesota Corn Research and Promotion Council. 30 00:01:08,179 --> 00:01:09,960 With that, just a little crop 31 00:01:09,960 --> 00:01:11,239 update that actually came out 32 00:01:11,239 --> 00:01:14,940 yesterday due to the memorial weekend holiday. 33 00:01:14,940 --> 00:01:18,280 Corn's pretty much mostly planted here in Minnesota. 34 00:01:18,280 --> 00:01:23,199 93% planted soybeans, 86% planted. 35 00:01:23,199 --> 00:01:25,440 I know that varies across the state. 36 00:01:25,440 --> 00:01:27,960 We've had some excessive moisture areas, 37 00:01:27,960 --> 00:01:30,419 we've also had some dry conditions in some areas. 38 00:01:30,419 --> 00:01:31,899 We've got some replanting, 39 00:01:31,899 --> 00:01:33,619 a mix of all different things, 40 00:01:33,619 --> 00:01:35,359 but we wanted to focus 41 00:01:35,359 --> 00:01:38,019 today looking at cover crop research and then 42 00:01:38,019 --> 00:01:39,779 also how that ties in 43 00:01:39,779 --> 00:01:43,140 with weed management and any issues there. 44 00:01:43,140 --> 00:01:45,980 First of all, I just want to start with and 45 00:01:45,980 --> 00:01:49,340 see Devlin and Joe. 46 00:01:49,340 --> 00:01:51,019 If you guys could just describe some of 47 00:01:51,019 --> 00:01:53,199 the cover crop research that you've been doing. 48 00:01:53,199 --> 00:01:55,639 I know you've been working with that from 49 00:01:55,639 --> 00:01:58,659 the angle also of helping us with what control? 50 00:01:58,659 --> 00:02:00,180 Especially since we do have 51 00:02:00,180 --> 00:02:02,719 so many issues with herbicide resistant weeds. 52 00:02:02,719 --> 00:02:05,039 Joe, why don't we start with you first. 53 00:02:05,039 --> 00:02:06,100 If you just want to take 54 00:02:06,100 --> 00:02:07,679 a few minutes just to describe some of 55 00:02:07,679 --> 00:02:09,499 the cover crop research that you've 56 00:02:09,499 --> 00:02:10,519 been working with and give 57 00:02:10,519 --> 00:02:12,420 us a little background on that. 58 00:02:12,420 --> 00:02:13,559 Yeah. 59 00:02:13,559 --> 00:02:15,420 For the most part we've really been looking at 60 00:02:15,420 --> 00:02:17,840 using rye course planted in 61 00:02:17,840 --> 00:02:20,799 the fall and then terminated at different times in 62 00:02:20,799 --> 00:02:23,880 the spring primarily for control of water. 63 00:02:23,880 --> 00:02:25,959 Mp has been the goal of our research 64 00:02:25,959 --> 00:02:29,699 that's just continuing to be a worse weed every year, 65 00:02:29,699 --> 00:02:33,999 it seems, and we get new resistance that pops up as well. 66 00:02:33,999 --> 00:02:35,699 And knowing that 67 00:02:35,699 --> 00:02:37,960 the herbicide options are pretty limited, 68 00:02:37,960 --> 00:02:40,339 seeing what else we can do to help out rye is one of 69 00:02:40,339 --> 00:02:42,519 those easier to adopt 70 00:02:42,519 --> 00:02:44,799 management practices on a large scale. 71 00:02:44,799 --> 00:02:47,240 And so the last two years what we had 72 00:02:47,240 --> 00:02:50,079 done is looked at different termination timings. 73 00:02:50,079 --> 00:02:52,199 So either we'll just say 74 00:02:52,199 --> 00:02:55,739 no cover crop or the absence of rye completely or 75 00:02:55,739 --> 00:03:01,680 terminated 14 days before planting or planting green. 76 00:03:01,680 --> 00:03:04,479 And in that case, we planted and then terminated 77 00:03:04,479 --> 00:03:06,999 rye either the same day or the next day, 78 00:03:06,999 --> 00:03:10,279 but after planting was the important thing there. 79 00:03:10,279 --> 00:03:12,280 Then we couple that with 80 00:03:12,280 --> 00:03:15,560 the presence or absence of a pre emergence herbicide. 81 00:03:15,560 --> 00:03:16,920 We just happened to choose 82 00:03:16,920 --> 00:03:20,919 fierce common pre mix of a group 14, group 15. 83 00:03:20,919 --> 00:03:22,839 And then what we did was within 84 00:03:22,839 --> 00:03:26,999 each individual management factors, 85 00:03:26,999 --> 00:03:32,200 so rye management and then absence or presence of a pre. 86 00:03:32,200 --> 00:03:34,339 We waited until water Mp was 87 00:03:34,339 --> 00:03:36,440 4 " tall in those plots and then triggered 88 00:03:36,440 --> 00:03:38,760 a post emergency application and then 89 00:03:38,760 --> 00:03:40,299 saw how the overall control 90 00:03:40,299 --> 00:03:42,040 worked at the end of the year. 91 00:03:42,040 --> 00:03:46,059 And the short answer for water him 92 00:03:46,059 --> 00:03:47,680 control is when we had 93 00:03:47,680 --> 00:03:51,459 rye and a pre emergency herbicide in the mix. 94 00:03:51,459 --> 00:03:54,320 Those two things worked pretty well together. 95 00:03:54,320 --> 00:03:55,719 But when we did not have 96 00:03:55,719 --> 00:03:57,660 the rye or we did not have a Pre, 97 00:03:57,660 --> 00:03:59,779 when we started to lose control, 98 00:03:59,779 --> 00:04:01,599 certainly by the end of the year. 99 00:04:01,599 --> 00:04:03,820 And so look at 100 00:04:03,820 --> 00:04:06,239 those two things as complementing each other, 101 00:04:06,239 --> 00:04:11,659 but certainly some folks look towards hope of pay. 102 00:04:11,659 --> 00:04:14,220 Can rye replace a pre emergency herbicide? 103 00:04:14,220 --> 00:04:16,799 And we have not seen that in our research. 104 00:04:16,799 --> 00:04:18,340 Interesting. 105 00:04:18,340 --> 00:04:20,059 That's good. But you're seeing 106 00:04:20,059 --> 00:04:21,779 a contribution at least with the water hamp. 107 00:04:21,779 --> 00:04:23,180 Even though water hamp is one of 108 00:04:23,180 --> 00:04:25,680 those later emerging weeds too. 109 00:04:25,680 --> 00:04:29,879 Yes. Yeah. Probably also 110 00:04:29,879 --> 00:04:31,879 have to keep in mind that everything 111 00:04:31,879 --> 00:04:33,860 happens pretty quick here. 112 00:04:33,860 --> 00:04:36,620 Once we get green up of rye. 113 00:04:36,620 --> 00:04:38,499 It's usually here in Fargo 114 00:04:38,499 --> 00:04:40,820 about the last week of April, 1 week of May. 115 00:04:40,820 --> 00:04:42,820 And then we have waterhemp 116 00:04:42,820 --> 00:04:45,240 emerging about two or three weeks after that. 117 00:04:45,240 --> 00:04:47,740 A much shorter window up here, 118 00:04:47,740 --> 00:04:50,160 which maybe helps out with water management, 119 00:04:50,160 --> 00:04:52,600 compared to maybe where Devlin's 120 00:04:52,600 --> 00:04:55,159 at or where you guys 121 00:04:55,159 --> 00:04:56,800 are at a little bit further south where that 122 00:04:56,800 --> 00:04:59,960 right greens up starts accumulating biomass a little bit 123 00:04:59,960 --> 00:05:01,539 earlier and maybe have 124 00:05:01,539 --> 00:05:05,280 a month head start compared to just a couple of weeks. 125 00:05:05,280 --> 00:05:08,840 Yeah. Yeah. Devlin that ties in. 126 00:05:08,840 --> 00:05:09,980 And Joe, we'll get back to some 127 00:05:09,980 --> 00:05:11,299 more of your work too of course. 128 00:05:11,299 --> 00:05:14,380 But Devlin, if you want to just describe some 129 00:05:14,380 --> 00:05:16,439 of the work that you've been doing 130 00:05:16,439 --> 00:05:18,495 across the state as well. 131 00:05:18,495 --> 00:05:23,670 Yeah, what Joe is doing up in North Dakota 132 00:05:23,670 --> 00:05:26,069 that reflects our situation 133 00:05:26,069 --> 00:05:29,109 in the northern part of Minnesota, 134 00:05:29,109 --> 00:05:31,890 North Dakota or Red River Valley. 135 00:05:31,890 --> 00:05:37,969 Whereas most of our cover crop research is down south. 136 00:05:37,969 --> 00:05:42,909 And we do in the eastern western side of the state, 137 00:05:42,909 --> 00:05:48,229 but in the southern part of Minnesota, as Joe mentioned. 138 00:05:48,229 --> 00:05:52,229 Actually, we're also looking at the serial right, 139 00:05:52,229 --> 00:05:54,670 like false serial right, 140 00:05:54,670 --> 00:05:58,590 as a potential cover crop candidates for Minnesota. 141 00:05:58,590 --> 00:06:01,870 And the whole game is the biomass. 142 00:06:01,870 --> 00:06:04,970 Because if you have enough biomass, 143 00:06:04,970 --> 00:06:07,429 you'll get enough benefits 144 00:06:07,429 --> 00:06:10,530 from the standpoint of weed control, 145 00:06:10,530 --> 00:06:11,970 from the standpoint of 146 00:06:11,970 --> 00:06:14,770 soil erosion control and everything. 147 00:06:14,770 --> 00:06:17,250 It's all about the biomass. 148 00:06:17,250 --> 00:06:18,970 How much biomass you can 149 00:06:18,970 --> 00:06:22,289 get out of this cover crop in the spring. 150 00:06:22,289 --> 00:06:26,570 If you see the reports by USDA back in 151 00:06:26,570 --> 00:06:32,310 2017 when they did the last cover crops survey, 152 00:06:32,310 --> 00:06:33,770 Minnesota was one of 153 00:06:33,770 --> 00:06:37,229 the bottom states regarding the adoption of cover crops. 154 00:06:37,229 --> 00:06:43,409 We had only 4% corn and seven acreage under cover crop, 155 00:06:43,409 --> 00:06:47,229 whereas in the nationwide the increase 156 00:06:47,229 --> 00:06:54,749 2012-2017 was 50% increase and state like Maryland, 157 00:06:54,749 --> 00:06:57,990 Pennsylvania, they had like 22, 158 00:06:57,990 --> 00:07:01,769 35% area under cover crop. 159 00:07:01,769 --> 00:07:04,689 And then if I compare 160 00:07:04,689 --> 00:07:06,750 our Minnesota situation with 161 00:07:06,750 --> 00:07:08,890 like other state as I mentioned, 162 00:07:08,890 --> 00:07:12,130 like Maryland, Pennsylvania, the reason is 163 00:07:12,130 --> 00:07:16,250 like we have a unique environmental conditions. 164 00:07:16,250 --> 00:07:18,450 So as Joes, we have 165 00:07:18,450 --> 00:07:21,109 really small planting window 166 00:07:21,190 --> 00:07:26,610 between the harvest and the first frost in the fall, 167 00:07:26,610 --> 00:07:29,309 and also we have unpredictable weather. 168 00:07:29,309 --> 00:07:34,249 E.g. last fall was so dry in Minnesota and North Dakota, 169 00:07:34,249 --> 00:07:36,329 I know that there was barely 170 00:07:36,329 --> 00:07:41,130 some emergence of cereal rye that was planted last fall. 171 00:07:41,130 --> 00:07:45,849 But again, in the spring after snow melts, 172 00:07:45,849 --> 00:07:47,909 we have just a couple of weeks 173 00:07:47,909 --> 00:07:50,529 before we plant our corn and soybean. 174 00:07:50,529 --> 00:07:53,390 This is the main challenges 175 00:07:53,390 --> 00:07:56,990 for adoption of cover crop in Minnesota. 176 00:07:56,990 --> 00:08:00,750 We are looking at different management practices, 177 00:08:00,750 --> 00:08:02,769 how we can, uh, 178 00:08:02,769 --> 00:08:06,410 adapt the cereal rich cover crop based in Minnesota. 179 00:08:06,410 --> 00:08:08,969 Our research components definitely 180 00:08:08,969 --> 00:08:11,529 focusing on weed management, 181 00:08:11,529 --> 00:08:15,789 but our treatments or the comparisons we are 182 00:08:15,789 --> 00:08:20,389 making are like different cropping systems like corn, 183 00:08:20,389 --> 00:08:22,189 corn system versus corn, 184 00:08:22,189 --> 00:08:26,709 soybean system, including silage corn, if that helps. 185 00:08:26,709 --> 00:08:31,309 And also we have different seeding rate for cereal rice. 186 00:08:31,309 --> 00:08:33,250 We wanted to see, okay, 187 00:08:33,250 --> 00:08:35,569 if we increase the seeding rate, 188 00:08:35,569 --> 00:08:38,290 maybe 1.5 times, 189 00:08:38,290 --> 00:08:41,069 or two times the recommended seeding rate, 190 00:08:41,069 --> 00:08:44,410 whether we can gain the biomass quickly. 191 00:08:44,410 --> 00:08:47,169 But we found that was not the case. 192 00:08:47,169 --> 00:08:48,709 Like if you have 193 00:08:48,709 --> 00:08:51,290 60 pound per acre cereal is seeding rate. 194 00:08:51,290 --> 00:08:52,829 I think that's optimum 195 00:08:52,829 --> 00:08:55,769 which is also recommended by the sale. 196 00:08:55,769 --> 00:08:58,389 And then we're also looking at 197 00:08:58,389 --> 00:09:01,269 different termination timing in the spring. 198 00:09:01,269 --> 00:09:05,349 So if you delay your cover crop termination by a week, 199 00:09:05,349 --> 00:09:06,790 maybe by two weeks, 200 00:09:06,790 --> 00:09:08,609 maybe by four weeks, 201 00:09:08,609 --> 00:09:11,349 how much biomass you can accumulate, 202 00:09:11,349 --> 00:09:14,430 whether that helps with the wheat control. 203 00:09:14,430 --> 00:09:17,870 And so that we have different termination timing, 204 00:09:17,870 --> 00:09:19,830 different planting dates. 205 00:09:19,830 --> 00:09:25,490 And we're like juggling with a lot of factors. 206 00:09:25,490 --> 00:09:28,010 And we're trying to find out what are 207 00:09:28,010 --> 00:09:31,809 the best recipe for cover crops in Minnesota. 208 00:09:31,809 --> 00:09:34,679 And we started this research in 2020. 209 00:09:34,679 --> 00:09:40,150 1.20 22 was our first year when we get the data. 210 00:09:40,150 --> 00:09:45,810 And what we found is 2022 was a good year for cover crop 211 00:09:45,810 --> 00:09:52,490 because 2021 fall was not as much dry as 2022 fall. 212 00:09:52,490 --> 00:09:55,030 This year will be the second year for 213 00:09:55,030 --> 00:09:57,609 our research and we'll look into that, 214 00:09:57,609 --> 00:09:59,649 like how much biomass we can 215 00:09:59,649 --> 00:10:02,970 get this year out of these studies. 216 00:10:02,970 --> 00:10:06,029 Basically, we'll have two years of 217 00:10:06,029 --> 00:10:09,675 data to summarize by the end of this season. 218 00:10:09,675 --> 00:10:11,899 Very interesting. And that's one thing you 219 00:10:11,899 --> 00:10:13,940 bring up the biomass question too. 220 00:10:13,940 --> 00:10:15,600 Just curious because I've seen 221 00:10:15,600 --> 00:10:17,359 the research where they're talking about you need 222 00:10:17,359 --> 00:10:21,760 to have like 4,000 8,000 pounds of 223 00:10:21,760 --> 00:10:24,360 biomass per acre to actually 224 00:10:24,360 --> 00:10:27,219 have an impact on weed management. 225 00:10:27,219 --> 00:10:28,960 What have you found and what kind 226 00:10:28,960 --> 00:10:30,340 of levels are you reaching? 227 00:10:30,340 --> 00:10:31,739 Dublin. And then I'm going to send 228 00:10:31,739 --> 00:10:33,019 it over to you Joe too. 229 00:10:33,019 --> 00:10:36,939 For the further northern parts of the state here area. 230 00:10:36,939 --> 00:10:42,000 Yeah. If I look into last year's data, I mean, 231 00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:46,139 when you planted early last year also our spring was 232 00:10:46,139 --> 00:10:51,220 wet 0 early planting was not really early. It was like. 233 00:10:51,220 --> 00:10:54,259 I would say like it was like tenth of 234 00:10:54,259 --> 00:10:58,280 May when we planted our soybean and corn. 235 00:10:58,280 --> 00:11:00,860 And that time we got about 236 00:11:00,860 --> 00:11:04,199 1,000 pounds per acre type thing. 237 00:11:04,199 --> 00:11:06,319 It was not that much like as you 238 00:11:06,319 --> 00:11:09,159 said like 4,000 No, we didn't get it. 239 00:11:09,159 --> 00:11:12,739 But still we saw with 1,000 pounds per acre, 240 00:11:12,739 --> 00:11:15,119 like we got like some 241 00:11:15,119 --> 00:11:18,100 weed control benefits earlier in the season. 242 00:11:18,100 --> 00:11:20,540 And then when we planted late, 243 00:11:20,540 --> 00:11:22,880 which was end of May, 244 00:11:22,880 --> 00:11:28,040 we got about 4,000 pounds per acre and which 245 00:11:28,040 --> 00:11:30,899 was really desirable because 246 00:11:30,899 --> 00:11:33,855 those plots was pretty clean. 247 00:11:33,855 --> 00:11:37,430 But, you know, sometimes if you wait until end of May, 248 00:11:37,430 --> 00:11:41,229 you may get yield penalty from your cash crop. 249 00:11:41,229 --> 00:11:44,309 That is the whole thing we're studying like, okay, 250 00:11:44,309 --> 00:11:46,509 what is the biomass we're getting and 251 00:11:46,509 --> 00:11:49,629 how much benefit we're getting from that much biomass? 252 00:11:49,629 --> 00:11:51,249 That's why we have 253 00:11:51,249 --> 00:11:54,730 different planting dates, different termination timing. 254 00:11:54,730 --> 00:11:57,790 And as I said, 255 00:11:57,790 --> 00:12:00,189 whatever the biomass you get, 256 00:12:00,189 --> 00:12:01,770 that might be helpful. 257 00:12:01,770 --> 00:12:04,090 But if you get really little biomass, 258 00:12:04,090 --> 00:12:05,450 like this year happened, 259 00:12:05,450 --> 00:12:07,310 like I told you, last fall, 260 00:12:07,310 --> 00:12:09,109 there was not much emergence. 261 00:12:09,109 --> 00:12:11,930 And this year in the spring with the early planning, 262 00:12:11,930 --> 00:12:13,824 we didn't get much biomass. 263 00:12:13,824 --> 00:12:16,640 We'll see how much weed control we can 264 00:12:16,640 --> 00:12:20,399 get out of that, Joe. 265 00:12:20,399 --> 00:12:21,220 Yeah. 266 00:12:21,220 --> 00:12:22,420 How about, how about you, Joe? 267 00:12:22,420 --> 00:12:23,799 Because again, biomass, that 268 00:12:23,799 --> 00:12:25,400 seems a really driving factor, 269 00:12:25,400 --> 00:12:28,000 what we're getting from a weed control contribution 270 00:12:28,000 --> 00:12:30,379 and other potential soil benefits too. 271 00:12:30,379 --> 00:12:33,020 But what amounts are you seeing 272 00:12:33,020 --> 00:12:35,739 and the impacts of 273 00:12:35,739 --> 00:12:39,020 practices on how much biomass is produce? 274 00:12:39,020 --> 00:12:42,120 Yeah, I was just looking this up here. 275 00:12:42,120 --> 00:12:44,900 It looks like about three to 4,000 pounds per acre, 276 00:12:44,900 --> 00:12:47,119 is what we've been getting here in 277 00:12:47,119 --> 00:12:48,940 the Fargo area for our research 278 00:12:48,940 --> 00:12:50,959 over the past couple of years. 279 00:12:50,959 --> 00:12:53,320 That leads into, like I said, 280 00:12:53,320 --> 00:12:56,359 it's not standalone great practice 281 00:12:56,359 --> 00:12:59,140 or replacement of a pre emergency herbicide, 282 00:12:59,140 --> 00:13:01,360 but that's about half of what you're quoting there that 283 00:13:01,360 --> 00:13:04,639 some other states really feel comfortable with getting. 284 00:13:04,639 --> 00:13:06,680 As far as biomass production for 285 00:13:06,680 --> 00:13:09,179 complete wheat suppression makes sense. 286 00:13:09,179 --> 00:13:12,340 It's about a 50% control measured in that case if 287 00:13:12,340 --> 00:13:14,360 we're producing about half the biomass 288 00:13:14,360 --> 00:13:16,000 of some of those other studies. 289 00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:19,040 Now, this year is a little bit different, 290 00:13:19,040 --> 00:13:22,079 certainly North Dakota and Northwestern Minnesota. 291 00:13:22,079 --> 00:13:24,040 A lot of the talk this year has been 292 00:13:24,040 --> 00:13:27,120 that we planted rye and winter wheat for that matter, 293 00:13:27,120 --> 00:13:30,780 into dry dirt, and just never got emergence last fall. 294 00:13:30,780 --> 00:13:32,560 And then finally, when the snow melted, 295 00:13:32,560 --> 00:13:34,380 we got emergence this spring. 296 00:13:34,380 --> 00:13:37,219 And it's a question 297 00:13:37,219 --> 00:13:39,339 of did we get the vertilization requirements? 298 00:13:39,339 --> 00:13:42,620 We actually bolt and try to produce seed. 299 00:13:42,620 --> 00:13:44,640 And here at least in Fargo, 300 00:13:44,640 --> 00:13:46,519 it seems like we did achieve that. 301 00:13:46,519 --> 00:13:48,779 But we're not going to get much for biomass. 302 00:13:48,779 --> 00:13:50,359 And there's certainly a carpet of 303 00:13:50,359 --> 00:13:52,680 water hemp in the research trial that I'm staring 304 00:13:52,680 --> 00:13:56,379 at this year will 305 00:13:56,379 --> 00:13:57,959 definitely be one of those years where we're not 306 00:13:57,959 --> 00:13:59,740 going to get a lot of biomass production. 307 00:13:59,740 --> 00:14:02,380 The overwintering benefits that other 308 00:14:02,380 --> 00:14:03,780 folks like for ancora soil 309 00:14:03,780 --> 00:14:05,419 and preventing blowing. That didn't happen. 310 00:14:05,419 --> 00:14:08,680 But we're still going to see what benefit we'll 311 00:14:08,680 --> 00:14:10,780 get because we're shifting into 312 00:14:10,780 --> 00:14:13,659 a new phase of our cover crop research. 313 00:14:13,659 --> 00:14:16,139 We are trying to delay 314 00:14:16,139 --> 00:14:19,300 termination as late as possible after soybean planting 315 00:14:19,300 --> 00:14:21,679 primarily for weed control but also for 316 00:14:21,679 --> 00:14:26,779 potential yield loss from rye due to soil usage. 317 00:14:26,779 --> 00:14:29,740 That's always one thing that we will run into 318 00:14:29,740 --> 00:14:33,440 is the fact that moisture is very 319 00:14:33,440 --> 00:14:35,200 important and we'll get 320 00:14:35,200 --> 00:14:37,479 these dry stretches and we're in one right now. 321 00:14:37,479 --> 00:14:39,160 A lot of people are too 322 00:14:39,160 --> 00:14:42,380 where we don't want that ride to use up too much water. 323 00:14:42,380 --> 00:14:43,880 We're going to go all the way to V 324 00:14:43,880 --> 00:14:45,679 three soybean this year, 325 00:14:45,679 --> 00:14:49,100 waiting to delay termination until 326 00:14:49,100 --> 00:14:53,439 V three soybean and see when the sweet spot is for 327 00:14:53,439 --> 00:14:57,499 getting weed control without having that 328 00:14:57,499 --> 00:14:59,340 rye use up too much moisture 329 00:14:59,340 --> 00:15:02,359 to take away from soybean yield at the end of the year. 330 00:15:02,359 --> 00:15:04,200 This year might be a little 331 00:15:04,200 --> 00:15:05,759 confounded by the low biomass. 332 00:15:05,759 --> 00:15:06,920 The fact that the rye didn't come 333 00:15:06,920 --> 00:15:08,700 up until about a month ago, 334 00:15:08,700 --> 00:15:10,520 but it will be repeated in 335 00:15:10,520 --> 00:15:12,599 future years and hopefully get back to that 336 00:15:12,599 --> 00:15:17,040 4,000 pounds or so biomass and see what the results are. 337 00:15:17,040 --> 00:15:21,120 And then more typical setting 338 00:15:21,120 --> 00:15:23,979 than the dry fall without emergence. 339 00:15:23,979 --> 00:15:27,139 Yeah, a lot of factors, as you all know, 340 00:15:27,139 --> 00:15:29,719 play a role in how much biomass you get out there. 341 00:15:29,719 --> 00:15:31,420 And what the take is interesting, 342 00:15:31,420 --> 00:15:33,340 it sounds like you're looking at looking at 343 00:15:33,340 --> 00:15:36,100 the V stage of soybeans for when you terminate the cover. 344 00:15:36,100 --> 00:15:39,260 Crap. What aspects have you looked 345 00:15:39,260 --> 00:15:40,640 at Dublin so far too 346 00:15:40,640 --> 00:15:42,640 as far as one to terminate the cover crop? 347 00:15:42,640 --> 00:15:43,499 Because again, there's a lot of 348 00:15:43,499 --> 00:15:44,640 different triggers that you could 349 00:15:44,640 --> 00:15:46,880 use as to one to do the course. 350 00:15:46,880 --> 00:15:48,260 Also going to look at the potential 351 00:15:48,260 --> 00:15:50,639 yield impact on our cash crop too. 352 00:15:50,639 --> 00:15:53,920 Yeah, for the termination, 353 00:15:53,920 --> 00:15:58,040 definitely, As I mentioned, 354 00:15:58,040 --> 00:16:00,019 our main target is the biomass. 355 00:16:00,019 --> 00:16:03,880 Then we also looked at different termination option, 356 00:16:03,880 --> 00:16:06,900 like what are the termination option 357 00:16:06,900 --> 00:16:09,799 you can have for terminating cover crop? 358 00:16:09,799 --> 00:16:14,419 Because we know that chemical termination options 359 00:16:14,419 --> 00:16:19,939 are the best because it works fast, it's economic, but. 360 00:16:19,939 --> 00:16:22,639 We saw that different chemical group, 361 00:16:22,639 --> 00:16:25,739 they work differently. E.g. 362 00:16:25,739 --> 00:16:28,940 it is well known that round up spraying, 363 00:16:28,940 --> 00:16:31,220 round up is the best option 364 00:16:31,220 --> 00:16:34,740 for terminating cereal, right? Cover crop. 365 00:16:35,180 --> 00:16:37,619 It really works fast. 366 00:16:37,619 --> 00:16:42,880 In that case, within ten days we have a field this year. 367 00:16:42,880 --> 00:16:46,359 Within ten days, everything is yellow and brown 368 00:16:46,359 --> 00:16:48,859 and you're ready to plant 369 00:16:48,859 --> 00:16:52,740 even some options like Cleo edam. 370 00:16:52,740 --> 00:16:55,140 They're slow. We select 371 00:16:55,140 --> 00:16:57,819 max type product, they're really slow, 372 00:16:57,819 --> 00:17:02,420 and it takes three weeks to get it yellow and 373 00:17:02,420 --> 00:17:08,159 it's not totally yellow, it's really slow. 374 00:17:08,159 --> 00:17:13,420 We have options when you have like glyphosate type, 375 00:17:13,420 --> 00:17:14,999 like Liberty type product, 376 00:17:14,999 --> 00:17:18,279 it is not 100% kill. 377 00:17:18,279 --> 00:17:22,379 We have to pick those herbicide options carefully. 378 00:17:22,379 --> 00:17:26,779 And also we checked some termination option for 379 00:17:26,779 --> 00:17:29,099 the organic grower because we 380 00:17:29,099 --> 00:17:31,979 thought like some of our organic growers, 381 00:17:31,979 --> 00:17:35,440 they're interested to use the cereal rye cover. 382 00:17:35,440 --> 00:17:38,120 If they have the roller crimper, 383 00:17:38,120 --> 00:17:39,939 that is good idea because they can 384 00:17:39,939 --> 00:17:44,139 roller cereal rye and can start planting something. 385 00:17:44,139 --> 00:17:45,859 But we know from 386 00:17:45,859 --> 00:17:48,560 the literature that roller crimper is not also 387 00:17:48,560 --> 00:17:51,000 100% kill for the cover crop 388 00:17:51,000 --> 00:17:53,859 and it's also stage specific. 389 00:17:53,859 --> 00:17:59,080 We tested some of the non herbicide options 390 00:17:59,080 --> 00:18:01,719 for the termination of 391 00:18:01,719 --> 00:18:05,319 cover crop and different stage of the cereal rye. 392 00:18:05,319 --> 00:18:10,080 And we found that if you were like cutting 393 00:18:10,080 --> 00:18:11,980 the cover crop for any kind 394 00:18:11,980 --> 00:18:14,900 of like feed purpose 395 00:18:14,900 --> 00:18:17,419 or you're doing gradging or something. 396 00:18:17,419 --> 00:18:20,219 Doing it early in the tailoring stage 397 00:18:20,219 --> 00:18:22,000 is not useful because you'll 398 00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:24,699 get about ten to 20% control 399 00:18:24,699 --> 00:18:27,000 and those cover crop will come back. 400 00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:30,039 However, if you wait until the heading stage, 401 00:18:30,039 --> 00:18:33,019 which is probably not desirable for feed 402 00:18:33,019 --> 00:18:36,499 because that time it's like more hards stem but 403 00:18:36,499 --> 00:18:41,479 you'll get about 50% kill of those cover crop with 404 00:18:41,479 --> 00:18:45,239 the telageaw similar thing but if you do 405 00:18:45,239 --> 00:18:47,619 like light telge rototill 406 00:18:47,619 --> 00:18:50,339 just to mix up those biomass with the soil. 407 00:18:50,339 --> 00:18:52,700 Though, in cover crops situation, 408 00:18:52,700 --> 00:18:55,299 our goal is not to disturb the soil because 409 00:18:55,299 --> 00:18:58,420 we promote not disturbing the soil. 410 00:18:58,420 --> 00:19:00,720 But sometimes for the organic row, 411 00:19:00,720 --> 00:19:03,719 you have to terminate the cover crops. 412 00:19:03,719 --> 00:19:05,360 If you do light teelge, 413 00:19:05,360 --> 00:19:08,730 rototill, mix up those cover crop biomass 414 00:19:08,730 --> 00:19:11,129 in the top layer of the soil. 415 00:19:11,129 --> 00:19:15,870 You have to wait until a later stage because that's 416 00:19:15,870 --> 00:19:17,590 the time when you'll get 417 00:19:17,590 --> 00:19:20,689 about 100% kill those cover crop. 418 00:19:20,689 --> 00:19:23,549 However, if you do it early in the tillering stage, 419 00:19:23,549 --> 00:19:27,190 you can get up to 75, 80% kill. 420 00:19:27,190 --> 00:19:30,249 But there will be some cover crop or cereal rye that 421 00:19:30,249 --> 00:19:34,370 will get established after the roto tail. 422 00:19:34,370 --> 00:19:38,630 A lot of tradeoffs in this whole thing, isn't there? 423 00:19:38,630 --> 00:19:41,489 Yeah. Joe, I want to get back to something that you 424 00:19:41,489 --> 00:19:44,470 mentioned earlier too is your work with pre herbicides. 425 00:19:44,470 --> 00:19:47,230 And I understand you've been doing some work 426 00:19:47,230 --> 00:19:50,409 where they're looking at because the nin, 427 00:19:50,409 --> 00:19:53,110 you've done some work too with pre emergency herbicides, 428 00:19:53,110 --> 00:19:57,350 with that termination application of the cover crop. 429 00:19:57,350 --> 00:19:59,690 And there's always a concern about 430 00:19:59,690 --> 00:20:02,910 interception of the cover crop, the pre herbicide. 431 00:20:02,910 --> 00:20:04,550 You're going to get as much activity 432 00:20:04,550 --> 00:20:06,349 and so forth. What have you found, Joe? 433 00:20:06,349 --> 00:20:08,030 If you want to just elaborate a little 434 00:20:08,030 --> 00:20:11,489 bit if you can, what you've found so far. 435 00:20:11,489 --> 00:20:13,529 The effectiveness of pre herbicides, 436 00:20:13,529 --> 00:20:15,030 when you do have a cover crop out there, 437 00:20:15,030 --> 00:20:17,709 they have an impact on efficacy 438 00:20:17,709 --> 00:20:19,550 and how much is actually 439 00:20:19,550 --> 00:20:21,930 actually reaching the soil and so forth. 440 00:20:21,930 --> 00:20:25,390 Yeah. And the trial that I've 441 00:20:25,390 --> 00:20:26,729 been doing that you're referring to as 442 00:20:26,729 --> 00:20:28,889 part of a national effort, 443 00:20:28,889 --> 00:20:32,289 I think 13 or 14 or so states 444 00:20:32,289 --> 00:20:35,950 involved for those states took an additional step. 445 00:20:35,950 --> 00:20:37,149 I was not part of that, but I do 446 00:20:37,149 --> 00:20:38,949 know the results of the data. 447 00:20:38,949 --> 00:20:40,649 But if we look at 448 00:20:40,649 --> 00:20:42,589 just the weed control aspect 449 00:20:42,589 --> 00:20:46,469 from using that pre emergence herbicide in rye, 450 00:20:46,510 --> 00:20:49,270 I'd like to just phrase it as R 451 00:20:49,270 --> 00:20:52,750 plus a pre herbicide is better than either, 452 00:20:52,750 --> 00:20:55,349 either one of those alone. 453 00:20:55,349 --> 00:20:58,309 If we don't have that rye cover crop and just rely on 454 00:20:58,309 --> 00:21:00,569 a premergenc herbicide that 455 00:21:00,569 --> 00:21:02,890 will start breaking after three or four weeks, 456 00:21:02,890 --> 00:21:05,270 which is what we expect when there, 457 00:21:05,270 --> 00:21:09,270 with a post emergency herbicide, we might buy an extra, 458 00:21:09,270 --> 00:21:14,730 maybe 14 days before needing to apply a post herbicide. 459 00:21:14,730 --> 00:21:18,369 If we have the combination of rye plus a pre, 460 00:21:18,369 --> 00:21:20,109 compared to just the Pre alone. 461 00:21:20,109 --> 00:21:21,829 Or just that rye alone. 462 00:21:21,829 --> 00:21:24,969 I've taken a look at it of how many days are you buying 463 00:21:24,969 --> 00:21:27,870 yourself until water hemp gets to 4 " tall. 464 00:21:27,870 --> 00:21:29,710 And looks like, yeah, 465 00:21:29,710 --> 00:21:32,429 about ten to 14 days on average when you have 466 00:21:32,429 --> 00:21:36,689 that R plus the pre combination compared to either alone. 467 00:21:36,689 --> 00:21:38,690 Now, the next step 468 00:21:38,690 --> 00:21:43,005 that those four or so states have taken. 469 00:21:43,005 --> 00:21:47,180 Is taking soil samples from 470 00:21:47,180 --> 00:21:50,119 these plots and trying to 471 00:21:50,119 --> 00:21:54,159 determine where the pre emergence herbicide actually is. 472 00:21:54,159 --> 00:21:56,639 Because we're always concerned about interception of 473 00:21:56,639 --> 00:21:59,940 that pre emergent herbicide with the cover crop. 474 00:21:59,940 --> 00:22:02,239 And the short answer is yes, 475 00:22:02,239 --> 00:22:04,139 the cover crop is intercepting 476 00:22:04,139 --> 00:22:06,500 some of that pre emergent serbicide. 477 00:22:06,500 --> 00:22:08,860 Forget the exact numbers, 478 00:22:08,860 --> 00:22:11,179 let's just say somewhere in the range of 479 00:22:11,179 --> 00:22:15,759 70 to 80% of the herbicide makes it to the soil surface. 480 00:22:15,759 --> 00:22:18,560 So maybe that 20 to 30 was intercepted by 481 00:22:18,560 --> 00:22:22,739 rye compared to a standard check with no rye. 482 00:22:22,739 --> 00:22:24,980 And the same rate of a pre emergent supplied. 483 00:22:24,980 --> 00:22:27,539 So based on the soil core analysis, 484 00:22:27,539 --> 00:22:31,539 we're tying up 20 to 30% 485 00:22:31,539 --> 00:22:33,839 And don't quote me exactly on those numbers, 486 00:22:33,839 --> 00:22:35,379 don't have the data in front of me, 487 00:22:35,379 --> 00:22:39,900 but we are tying up some of that residual in the rye. 488 00:22:39,900 --> 00:22:42,540 But the end result from a weed control standpoint 489 00:22:42,540 --> 00:22:44,299 is they are also seeing 490 00:22:44,299 --> 00:22:46,759 similar observations like I have that you are 491 00:22:46,759 --> 00:22:50,280 getting better control with the two practices combined. 492 00:22:50,280 --> 00:22:53,420 So I know it's 493 00:22:53,420 --> 00:22:55,659 never encouraging to have 494 00:22:55,659 --> 00:22:58,200 some residual tied up in that case, 495 00:22:58,200 --> 00:23:01,279 but the main point there is that 496 00:23:01,279 --> 00:23:03,899 the overall weed control is better in 497 00:23:03,899 --> 00:23:08,420 that system even though we are getting some tie residual. 498 00:23:08,420 --> 00:23:10,539 Bottom line is it's helping out. 499 00:23:10,539 --> 00:23:13,560 Right? That's one question too that's come up and we got 500 00:23:13,560 --> 00:23:14,900 some of these questions at 501 00:23:14,900 --> 00:23:16,679 registration to, for this program. 502 00:23:16,679 --> 00:23:19,939 And sometimes people look at cover crops and for 503 00:23:19,939 --> 00:23:23,639 we control. What do you think? 504 00:23:23,639 --> 00:23:26,159 It's pretty challenging in 505 00:23:26,159 --> 00:23:27,900 a conventional system to get 506 00:23:27,900 --> 00:23:31,460 100% of your weak control from a cover crop? 507 00:23:31,620 --> 00:23:34,540 We've got other tools that we can use. 508 00:23:34,540 --> 00:23:36,179 How do you address that? 509 00:23:36,179 --> 00:23:38,499 Double shoot that over to you first. 510 00:23:38,499 --> 00:23:40,820 Just thinking about people 511 00:23:40,820 --> 00:23:43,279 wondering whether or not the value that 512 00:23:43,279 --> 00:23:44,720 a cover crop can provide from 513 00:23:44,720 --> 00:23:48,979 a weak control standpoint in a conventional system. 514 00:23:49,510 --> 00:23:50,690 Yeah. 515 00:23:50,690 --> 00:23:55,009 I think with the herbicide resistance issues 516 00:23:55,009 --> 00:23:59,970 that we are having in all of the Midwestern state, 517 00:23:59,970 --> 00:24:02,369 we're struggling with Waterhemp 518 00:24:02,369 --> 00:24:05,769 and Joe can talk about Sia. 519 00:24:05,769 --> 00:24:09,609 We have some herbicide resistant weed issues in 520 00:24:09,609 --> 00:24:13,169 our states and we 521 00:24:13,169 --> 00:24:16,269 are talking about diversifying our system. 522 00:24:16,269 --> 00:24:19,829 We cannot only rely on single herbicide to 523 00:24:19,829 --> 00:24:23,590 mitigate these issues because you'll see 524 00:24:23,590 --> 00:24:25,909 some Minnesota Crop News article 525 00:24:25,909 --> 00:24:27,590 that is coming out tomorrow 526 00:24:27,590 --> 00:24:29,949 that we'll talk about some of 527 00:24:29,949 --> 00:24:32,710 the Waterhemp survey we did recently. 528 00:24:32,710 --> 00:24:35,169 And it is showing that 529 00:24:35,169 --> 00:24:38,209 multiple herbicide registered waterhemp 530 00:24:38,209 --> 00:24:40,669 is prevalent in Minnesota. 531 00:24:40,669 --> 00:24:44,329 It could be registered to two sides of action, 532 00:24:44,329 --> 00:24:45,529 three sides of action, 533 00:24:45,529 --> 00:24:48,509 45, up to six sides of action. 534 00:24:48,509 --> 00:24:51,849 Those populations are still slow in 535 00:24:51,849 --> 00:24:55,130 spreading that six sides of action resistant thing. 536 00:24:55,130 --> 00:24:58,090 But in a couple of the years, 537 00:24:58,090 --> 00:25:02,409 we'll see that registered treadmill is still ongoing and 538 00:25:02,409 --> 00:25:04,889 most of our waterhemp 539 00:25:04,889 --> 00:25:07,990 are showing resistance to multiple herbicides. 540 00:25:07,990 --> 00:25:12,589 So that's why we need to diversify our systems in 541 00:25:12,589 --> 00:25:14,800 terms of management practices, 542 00:25:14,800 --> 00:25:17,610 rotation, herbicide options. 543 00:25:17,610 --> 00:25:19,310 I agree with Joe. 544 00:25:19,310 --> 00:25:21,050 We saw the same thing when 545 00:25:21,050 --> 00:25:24,909 you combine this cover crop with a pre herbicide. 546 00:25:24,909 --> 00:25:28,069 Probably you'll get the best benefits 547 00:25:28,069 --> 00:25:29,290 out of this cover crop. 548 00:25:29,290 --> 00:25:31,430 I mean, yes, the cover crop will 549 00:25:31,430 --> 00:25:34,369 add some cost to your program, 550 00:25:34,369 --> 00:25:38,969 but in the long run you'll get benefits out of it and 551 00:25:38,969 --> 00:25:41,970 you'll get your soil seed bank 552 00:25:41,970 --> 00:25:44,830 reduced in a couple of years. 553 00:25:44,830 --> 00:25:46,929 If you diversify your system 554 00:25:46,929 --> 00:25:49,509 that will help you in long run. 555 00:25:49,509 --> 00:25:52,210 Any thoughts do you want to add to that, Joe too? 556 00:25:52,210 --> 00:25:53,349 Because I know again you've had 557 00:25:53,349 --> 00:25:55,429 some significant issues with Kosha and 558 00:25:55,429 --> 00:25:58,049 just looking at multiple resistance 559 00:25:58,049 --> 00:26:00,770 in that weed species too. 560 00:26:01,010 --> 00:26:03,730 Yeah, that's another one, 561 00:26:03,730 --> 00:26:09,070 just briefly on Kosha that we also can get 562 00:26:09,070 --> 00:26:11,489 a benefit using rye for 563 00:26:11,489 --> 00:26:15,109 Kosha control because of that early season biomass. 564 00:26:15,109 --> 00:26:17,869 And that's not work that I'm doing but out in my 565 00:26:17,869 --> 00:26:20,410 not Dr. Brian Jakes is playing around with rye. 566 00:26:20,410 --> 00:26:22,429 And then combining rye with like 567 00:26:22,429 --> 00:26:26,849 a fall application of flumixidenorvalorbiningwo. 568 00:26:26,849 --> 00:26:28,289 Standard practices for Osha 569 00:26:28,289 --> 00:26:31,149 control and seeing how that works, 570 00:26:31,149 --> 00:26:34,450 a more north central part of the state. 571 00:26:34,450 --> 00:26:37,250 But whether it's Kosha or water Hemp, 572 00:26:37,250 --> 00:26:39,209 yeah, we're just getting 573 00:26:39,209 --> 00:26:41,270 more and more herbicide resistance. 574 00:26:41,270 --> 00:26:43,669 And anyone who teaches 575 00:26:43,669 --> 00:26:46,289 herbicide physiology may disagree with this statement. 576 00:26:46,289 --> 00:26:48,290 But the simplest way I think about 577 00:26:48,290 --> 00:26:50,649 it is Ry is basically another site of 578 00:26:50,649 --> 00:26:52,910 action that we can use if you want 579 00:26:52,910 --> 00:26:56,170 to simplify it down to that level, 580 00:26:56,170 --> 00:26:59,069 is that we need other solutions in 581 00:26:59,069 --> 00:27:00,329 the long term for 582 00:27:00,329 --> 00:27:02,669 control of those weeds like water, Mp and Osha. 583 00:27:02,669 --> 00:27:05,750 The solution is not going to come from a jug. 584 00:27:05,750 --> 00:27:10,209 Any new site of action is half a decade off. 585 00:27:10,209 --> 00:27:11,570 At least I feel like we've been 586 00:27:11,570 --> 00:27:13,689 saying that for the last half decade. 587 00:27:13,689 --> 00:27:15,849 But we'll see how 588 00:27:15,849 --> 00:27:17,669 long until we actually do get a new site of 589 00:27:17,669 --> 00:27:19,949 action for major row crops 590 00:27:19,949 --> 00:27:23,650 effective against weeds like water, him, percio. 591 00:27:23,650 --> 00:27:26,230 If we look at just our solutions 592 00:27:26,230 --> 00:27:28,449 we've been trying to achieve or 593 00:27:28,449 --> 00:27:30,869 accomplish by getting 594 00:27:30,869 --> 00:27:34,070 craftier with herbicide combinations. 595 00:27:34,070 --> 00:27:36,010 I look towards the south 596 00:27:36,010 --> 00:27:39,290 and Dr. Aaron Hagrid, University of Illinois, 597 00:27:39,290 --> 00:27:41,729 I think has put it best when he starts talking 598 00:27:41,729 --> 00:27:45,450 about the metabolic resistance that they have in water. 599 00:27:45,450 --> 00:27:47,929 Him, we certainly have some of that 600 00:27:47,929 --> 00:27:50,749 up here and some of our palm raman populations. 601 00:27:50,749 --> 00:27:54,469 But when you look at metabolic resistance to herbicides 602 00:27:54,469 --> 00:27:57,089 and the fact that it's almost 603 00:27:57,089 --> 00:28:00,589 unpredictable which herbicides they will be resistant to. 604 00:28:00,589 --> 00:28:03,169 The Illinois, they're starting to 605 00:28:03,169 --> 00:28:05,270 reevaluate the standard practice 606 00:28:05,270 --> 00:28:07,149 of tank mixing herbicides 607 00:28:07,149 --> 00:28:10,489 as a good resistance management option. 608 00:28:10,489 --> 00:28:13,149 There's some line of thought now that 609 00:28:13,149 --> 00:28:15,469 with these metabolic resistant pigweed, 610 00:28:15,469 --> 00:28:20,149 that tank mixing may actually increase the frequency of 611 00:28:20,149 --> 00:28:24,069 how often resistance or 612 00:28:24,069 --> 00:28:26,810 mechanisms occur or resistance 613 00:28:26,810 --> 00:28:29,609 to new herbicide active ingredients occurs. 614 00:28:29,609 --> 00:28:31,509 When we look at it simply 615 00:28:31,509 --> 00:28:34,789 from trying to control using herbicides, 616 00:28:34,789 --> 00:28:38,384 that I'm not going to put a date on it. 617 00:28:38,384 --> 00:28:40,899 Those days are coming to an end at 618 00:28:40,899 --> 00:28:42,479 some point in the future and 619 00:28:42,479 --> 00:28:43,840 we need to integrate other tactics. 620 00:28:43,840 --> 00:28:46,840 And that's why we're looking at easier 621 00:28:46,840 --> 00:28:50,199 to adopt on the wide scale things like rye. 622 00:28:50,199 --> 00:28:52,759 Now, harvest weed seed destructors 623 00:28:52,759 --> 00:28:54,860 are now coming into the scene. 624 00:28:54,860 --> 00:28:57,399 Some of these other tactics beyond 625 00:28:57,399 --> 00:28:59,340 just a herbicide to really get 626 00:28:59,340 --> 00:29:02,439 a handle on some of these really problematic weeds. 627 00:29:02,439 --> 00:29:05,000 Most definitely. Diversification is key. 628 00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:06,780 And I see we're just about out of time. 629 00:29:06,780 --> 00:29:09,740 But any parting thoughts that you wanted to say here, 630 00:29:09,740 --> 00:29:12,180 Devlin, as you wrap things up? 631 00:29:12,180 --> 00:29:14,299 Early season weed control 632 00:29:14,299 --> 00:29:16,999 here with cover crops or anything? 633 00:29:16,999 --> 00:29:21,920 Yeah, this year I am skeptical how 634 00:29:21,920 --> 00:29:23,839 much benefit we can get out of 635 00:29:23,839 --> 00:29:26,759 cover crop because of the last dry fall. 636 00:29:26,759 --> 00:29:30,999 And spring was also a late, 637 00:29:32,360 --> 00:29:35,739 we got a lot of snow last winter. 638 00:29:35,739 --> 00:29:39,520 It was late start for the rye in the spring. 639 00:29:39,520 --> 00:29:43,080 But as we mentioned, 640 00:29:43,080 --> 00:29:45,599 it's always good to start clean and 641 00:29:45,599 --> 00:29:48,540 stay clean even if you're 642 00:29:48,540 --> 00:29:51,299 adapting cereal rye as one of 643 00:29:51,299 --> 00:29:55,059 the diversification key in your systems. 644 00:29:55,059 --> 00:29:57,279 It is still good idea to have a Pre 645 00:29:57,279 --> 00:30:02,120 on in case if you missed your Pre this year 646 00:30:02,120 --> 00:30:05,840 because talked to a lot of farmers this year and they're 647 00:30:05,840 --> 00:30:10,760 so busy and they're in a hurry to plant their crops. 648 00:30:10,760 --> 00:30:15,060 Some of them missed their pres and I talked to them. 649 00:30:15,060 --> 00:30:19,220 But I highly recommend them to come back 650 00:30:19,220 --> 00:30:21,279 with a post emergence as soon as 651 00:30:21,279 --> 00:30:23,899 possible or as soon as they see the weeds. 652 00:30:23,899 --> 00:30:30,879 And weeds are like less than 3 " tall, like tank mixing. 653 00:30:30,879 --> 00:30:33,919 Those post emergence with certain some type of 654 00:30:33,919 --> 00:30:36,380 residual herbicides will definitely 655 00:30:36,380 --> 00:30:38,479 help with the water control. 656 00:30:38,479 --> 00:30:42,819 But yeah, that'll be my last thought for this spring 657 00:30:42,819 --> 00:30:46,800 because we have a little bit different year 658 00:30:46,800 --> 00:30:49,820 this year compared to last year now. 659 00:30:49,820 --> 00:30:51,560 Thanks Lin. And how about you Joe? 660 00:30:51,560 --> 00:30:54,479 Any parting thoughts here as we wrap things up? 661 00:30:54,479 --> 00:30:57,840 Yes. I'm just going to take, not a 180, 662 00:30:57,840 --> 00:31:02,000 maybe a 90 degree turn here and focus just on how 663 00:31:02,000 --> 00:31:04,559 warm it has been this spring 664 00:31:04,559 --> 00:31:06,039 with regards to premergent 665 00:31:06,039 --> 00:31:07,739 herbicides because we've been warm, 666 00:31:07,739 --> 00:31:11,779 dry in the last week up here, we've been very windy. 667 00:31:11,779 --> 00:31:14,919 And just a reminder for folks that 668 00:31:14,919 --> 00:31:17,779 many premergent herbicides cannot 669 00:31:17,779 --> 00:31:20,239 be used once crops are starting to emerge, 670 00:31:20,239 --> 00:31:21,959 we focus on soybeans, 671 00:31:21,959 --> 00:31:23,579 things like Fumi Oxygen or 672 00:31:23,579 --> 00:31:27,919 Valor Soft Ventrone or the Spartan Authority products. 673 00:31:27,919 --> 00:31:30,880 Once the soybeans are emerging, 674 00:31:30,880 --> 00:31:34,699 we can't use those products due to a high risk of injury. 675 00:31:34,699 --> 00:31:37,000 We've had a situation up here where 676 00:31:37,000 --> 00:31:39,419 we've planted and just had 677 00:31:39,419 --> 00:31:41,399 30 mile per hour winds and not been able to 678 00:31:41,399 --> 00:31:44,279 get a Pre on before the beans come up. 679 00:31:44,279 --> 00:31:46,579 I know we still have maybe 30 or 680 00:31:46,579 --> 00:31:48,659 40% of our soybean acres to go in. 681 00:31:48,659 --> 00:31:50,619 I'm assuming it's similar on 682 00:31:50,619 --> 00:31:53,000 the other side of the river up this far north. 683 00:31:53,000 --> 00:31:55,079 Just a reminder, if you're going to 684 00:31:55,079 --> 00:31:56,779 get that pre on and we're challenged by 685 00:31:56,779 --> 00:31:58,959 weather just to make sure that 686 00:31:58,959 --> 00:32:00,439 the crop is not emerging because 687 00:32:00,439 --> 00:32:02,240 it's happening pretty quick here, 688 00:32:02,240 --> 00:32:04,819 certainly within five days of planting for soybeans, 689 00:32:04,819 --> 00:32:07,439 which is a lot quicker than we're used to. 690 00:32:07,480 --> 00:32:11,340 Excellent points. I should note that in the chat, 691 00:32:11,340 --> 00:32:15,059 there's a link to Google Doc that has a lot of links. 692 00:32:15,059 --> 00:32:17,079 If you have any links to add to that, 693 00:32:17,079 --> 00:32:19,599 Joe too, we'll certainly throw those in there. 694 00:32:19,599 --> 00:32:21,440 But again, to the cover crop website, 695 00:32:21,440 --> 00:32:23,559 more information on planting green as well too, 696 00:32:23,559 --> 00:32:25,559 because we just pretty much talked about weed management. 697 00:32:25,559 --> 00:32:26,699 We didn't talk about all the 698 00:32:26,699 --> 00:32:28,459 other potential tradeoffs and 699 00:32:28,459 --> 00:32:29,879 challenges you might have from like 700 00:32:29,879 --> 00:32:32,260 an insect of things too. 701 00:32:32,260 --> 00:32:33,579 And the need to be scouting for 702 00:32:33,579 --> 00:32:37,000 things armyworm and things like that too. 703 00:32:37,000 --> 00:32:40,140 But anyway, I encourage people to check that out. 704 00:32:40,140 --> 00:32:42,680 But again, I better wrap things up here. 705 00:32:42,680 --> 00:32:45,100 Again, I'd like to thank everybody for attending 706 00:32:45,100 --> 00:32:47,279 today and especially our speakers, Dr. 707 00:32:47,279 --> 00:32:51,799 Sang Dr. and of course our sponsors as well to 708 00:32:51,799 --> 00:32:54,179 the Minnesota Slaving Research and Promotion Council 709 00:32:54,179 --> 00:32:56,699 and the Minnesota Corn Research and Promotion Council. 710 00:32:56,699 --> 00:32:58,140 As you sign off today, again, 711 00:32:58,140 --> 00:32:59,719 there's going to be a really quick survey. 712 00:32:59,719 --> 00:33:02,159 I hope you'll take that. Also ask for input, 713 00:33:02,159 --> 00:33:04,659 what we should talk about in future sessions, 714 00:33:04,659 --> 00:33:06,279 things that are concerning you. 715 00:33:06,279 --> 00:33:09,420 Next week we will have Dr. Sharma 716 00:33:09,420 --> 00:33:12,739 and Dr. Fernandez on moisture issues, 717 00:33:12,739 --> 00:33:14,599 looking at two dry and two wet and 718 00:33:14,599 --> 00:33:17,040 supplemental nitrogen issues again. 719 00:33:17,040 --> 00:33:18,599 Thanks everyone and have 720 00:33:18,599 --> 00:33:21,960 a great rest of the day and hope to see you next week.