This story was originally published on HackerNoon at:
https://hackernoon.com/the-missing-layer-between-prompt-engineering-and-production-ai.
Why production LLM apps need schemas, validation, observability, retries, and deterministic boundaries around the model.
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The article argues that prompt engineering is only the starting point for production AI. Reliable LLM products depend on deterministic output contracts, schema validation, observability, cost controls, and workflow design that constrain probabilistic models and make failures visible rather than hidden.