Welcome to the Proteomics in Proximity podcast Where your cohost Cindy Lawley and Sarantis Chlamydas from OLink Proteomics talk about the intersection of proteomics with genomics for drug target discovery, host, Cindy and Sarantis. Hello, everyone Welcome back to Proteomics in Proximity I'm, one of your cohosts, Cindy Lawley, and I'm here with my cohost, Sarantis Chlamydas Sarantis, why don't you tell people about our guests today? Thank you, Cindy Happy to be here today and present, to great scientists from Helmholtz Munich, Dr. Stefanie Hauck, the head of the core facility, Metabolomics and Proteomics, and Dr. Gabi Kastenmüller, head of research group of the Computational Health Center in Munich And, nice to have you here, Gabi and Stefanie I would like a little bit to know more about your scientific background and your interest in the in the research in the area of proteomics and metabolomics Thank you Thank you very much. Yeah Okay So thanks a lot for having me, for inviting me It's quite an honor to be guest in this podcast Well, my research backgrounds, I am a biologist, and I actually did my PhD in cell biology in retina So it's quite far off to what I'm doing today, but not really because, very early on, even during my early study phases, I came into contact with mass spectrometry. And that got me kind of infected, so to say So I was, pursuing my research questions always with methods in, proteomic profiling and also in this cell biology project in the retina where I did mass spectrometry on glial cells And, of course, ever since, I broadened the applications and moved more and more towards a technology-driven research. And that's where I'm now So what's heading this, analytical platform where we do still use mostly mass spectrometry, but have also acquired affinity proteomics already, I think, five years ago. Which makes you cutting edge in that space for sure And I and and and before we move on to you, Gabi, I will say I'm glad that you're happy to be here because we we would blame it on Karsten Suhre if you weren't happy to be here It was his suggestion to bring both of you on, and I've been looking forward to it, very much So so, Gabi, please tell us a little bit more. Yeah Hi, Cindy Hi, Sarantis, Thank you for having me So, yeah, my background is in computer science, and chemistry, actually So I'm chemist for training and also computer scientists for training And came into bioinformatics during my PhD phase And it was actually Karsten Suhre, who brought me into metabolomics, which, given my my background is the perfect thing. A lot of data and, back to chemistry at least at least a bit. So, yeah So during my post-doc phase that I did with Karsten Suhre I was brought into metabolomics, not so much proteomics yet, but, what we are interested in is really to understand the role of metabolism in health and disease And of course, when you think about metabolism it's not only the metabolites as the products or players in a metabolism but it's a lot also about proteins, of course, and all the interactions you see between all these different layers including genetics that's, of course also coming in. And in my group, we really try to bring together all these different layers to help us understand what's going on in metabolism, in a more systematic way on the molecular layer so that we can use all these new techniques and information. I love it I'm just gonna kind of take a step back and give some definitions of a few terms to give context So we think of the central dogma of DNA makes RNA makes proteins And lots of people talk about multiomics being the DNA measurements, maybe arrays or DNA sequencing, and then RNA data being another layer, as you talk about, Gabi And then proteins are another layer, and then metabolites are even yet another layer So I just wanted to layer that on because we we talk a lot about proteomics, obviously, and genetics and just, the complexity of bringing together all these layers is is, there's so much, richness there, but it's not easy to work with multiple layers and to integrate these data. Is is there I guess, Gabi, I'd ask you, about your your informatics background or bioinformatics background Where do you see this going? What are the challenges? What how do we accelerate our understanding of systems? You know, a lot of people call this systems biology of systems, to advance precision medicine or individualized medicine, whatever we wanna call it. Yeah One one problem I see is that we have usually we don't have these data all in the same sample or in the same subject individual organism, right? We have a lot of pieces here, pieces there, some single cell data is coming now, right, for transcriptomics and so on We have large cohorts where we have proteomics and metabolomics in, but it's it's, not, the situation where we have, like, a UK biobank scale of data on each tissue, each, fluid, each person. So when we talked about data integration in the past and 'Omics data integration, it was mostly thought like you need all these layers in the very same samples to make sense out of it But what Yeah It's still very complicated to get that, especially in the human case where the excesses accessibility to all these tissues that would be of most interest are, yeah, it's very complicated, right? You cannot just access brain tissue easily And that's true for most of the other tissues as well So we have to work with surrogates always The big cohorts help us, but we have to combine all these results at some point, to make sense out of it as much as we can at the moment. That's that's great And I would like to ask to come back to you, Stefanie, a little bit more technical in proteomics What is the biggest challenge... for proteomics to be included in this proteomics world? What is according to you, because you have worked with a lot of proteomics, platforms, and what is your feeling? How is the biggest challenge there? Yeah Come, proteomics is kind of developing very fast, and challenges, of course, are still, to keep the balance between high throughput and still yet high sensitivity and, robust quantification So we want to have at least those three parameters, at a very high level And that is, more and more successfully done in proteomics nowadays. So there's a lot of development with increased sensitivity, from the machines, so the mass spectrometers have a lot of increased throughput, methods So we have meanwhile, routines which could measure one hundred twenty samples per day or something like that So connected with robotics in the front end for sample preparation, that is quite something, and we are moving to what we want. However, there's this one huge challenge which still remains, and that is basically studying the proteome of plasma or serum So these are the two body fluids which are the most dreaded sample for any mass spectrometers because the, protein abundance is so, disbalanced in these samples So one has, like, one protein making up for more than fifty percent of the total abundance, and it goes like that. So a total of twenty only twenty high abundant proteins make up more than ninety nine percent of the protein abundance So it's a very disbalanced proteome And, in tissues, that's not so much of a problem, but the challenge still remains for plasma and serum And this is where, at this point, of technology development, mass spectrometry methods fall a bit short because they cannot, deliver the required sensitivity. They can, of course, deliver the accurate quantification And as I said, also the throughput, but the sensitivity here is lagging behind And that's where kind of complementary methods now come in more and more And this is mostly the affinity based methods because there you can kind of target specific proteins and then include an amplification step to increase the signal to kind of fish out the low abundant proteins. So but, taken together, all these approaches, proteomics is kind of coming of age And now, hopefully, we are entering a, well, after the genetic and the genomics phase, we are hopefully entering a proteomics phase in discoveries. That's great That's great to hear That's, to hear You mentioned about the plasma and the serum Have you seen also a need from other type of matrices? I know this got done great work with, dried blood spots, but have you seen also other type of matrices that it's emerging in the research areas. Yes Dried blood spots, for example, as you mentioned, that's for sure a matrix to look out for because that's, of course, something that's a very hot topic because it would enable home sampling So everybody so in a bright future where proteomics is kind of, well, very important parameter to discover diseases early on One could envision that everybody's kind of screening his or her own blood once a week or something like that at home. And then you would rather micro sample that on something equivalent to dry blood spots And, also their measurements are well feasible Other matrices, of course, there's other body fluids One has to take, really look carefully into that, what the gain is Yeah, one could also type other body fluids, but every body fluid comes with its challenge. With its challenge Yeah That's true. That's where the technology expertise comes in I think this area of discovery and certainly leveraging, I think, mass I love this message that there's there's this complementarity between mass spec methods that are that are arguably the gold standard, and will continue to be that essentially, pivotal to moving things to the clinic, certainly, historically and in the future But the complementarity of that with, affinity based methods, these methods like Olink that that can fish out or pull these, proteins out of solution that are more low abundant. I'm wondering about the less sexy side that I think, Gabi, you've you both of you have been involved in around, driving the ability to have data publicly available as much as possible, so that it can be crowdsourced, in the analysis I think that that you've both been big advocates for this, and I just wonder if we can talk about the importance of that I say it's less sexy because sometimes it's a requirement of publication. It does it's it's, it's work to maintain, databases that are publicly, accessed, but it's absolutely such an essential part of the scientific method And I wonder if you might comment a little bit about the importance of that and your passion, what I think is is a passion, around that that I share. Yeah, I think that's, so there is so much money invested producing all these different data that it's really the best you can do to really leverage each and every part of it to share the data And of course when we are talking about comparing different platforms, it's not so much about comparing but as you say, using the complementarity of these measurements, right? They are telling they have an overlap telling you the same thing reassuring what with one platform and the other But there are also things that you only see in one, but not the other That does not mean that they are wrong, but it can really, explain a lot and you can learn a lot about, also a certain platform by comparing it We also have that and use that pathway in metabolomics, right? Where you can, if you compare the measurements between NMR and MS you can really tease out new signals, interesting signals in an NMR and also in MS that you would wouldn't have seen otherwise. Now, when when you ask me about sharing of course there are some issues also with sharing of data in many of these older cohorts It's a problem It's a problem of data protection It's a problem of the consent that people gave, right, not to share their data and I think that has to be respected So I think it's equally important to share the results. We have a lot of results, right? That's almost equally as much as we have data, we have at the end associations, be it associations with genetic variants or diseases that also do not fit in a publication in a format like a publication And so very often in the past things ended up interesting associations just ended up in in supplements, PDFs that you cannot query, right? And, yeah, in our research we would argue that each and every of these associations between let's say one protein and genetic variants in one gene that is a story on its own and can be a story and important information also for a person interested specifically in that gene, specifically in that protein, specifically in a metabolite And if a researcher from the more experimental field cannot access this knowledge, then it's also a problem, right? We try to, to also share the results we have So these long lists of associations and we try to share that in a way that people who do not have bioinformatic training, or the the capacity also, right, of of of downloading, like, gigabytes, terabytes of of data to look into one gene or one protein or one metabolite So we try to make it accessible through web servers where where we enable people to query that way, right, their favorite gene, their favorite protein. We will share we will share this link later Alright? I think, is a great with people that can go and I'm I'm amazed with this amount of data that there there are even though for me that I'm not a bioinformatician I get a lot of important information I think this is it's important to make democratic We're saying it's only we democratize data I think this is actually what we're doing there, democratize data A lot of Pharma, they will appreciate this way of seeing data nowadays, you know And, yeah, it will be great, guys I really encourage you to play in with this portal Go through this portal because you will learn a lot, about how, multiOmics will be integrated actually in a very easy way. And, yes, please. Can I just layer yeah? I just wanna layer onto that, Sarantis, and say, so so Gabi is a coauthor on, the a Nature paper that came out in October that we've talked about before We certainly talked to to, to, Chris Whelan in a separate podcast episode about the work before that Nature paper came out But the the data are individual level data that are shared publicly on the UK Biobank Research Analysis Platform Now researchers can apply to get access to those individual level data and do their own work with those data that includes proteomic, genomic, much of it exome sequencing now, and, clinical, markers, phenotypic data. But the, the associations between the genetics, as Gabi describes, those those, you know, genotypes and protein levels, those associations have been run-in the past There's no need to rerun those analyses And so the beauty of these resources is that you don't have to rerun them You can you can look at the different p- values You can adjust your p-values, see which ones are significant according to the, the standards of of, multiple tests that you want to, use and play around with those those metadata. And as Sarantis says, we will post the link to those data, in the, in the show notes because we highly recommend that folks go play with those data And and one example of a way I use it, I'll just give one more use case, and then I'm gonna give it back to Sarantis But but oftentimes, if I see a signal that's been identified by a customer in in plasma, say there's three or four proteins, I'll often go and look at what are the associations with those same proteins from those metadata. So you can, you can download it by protein and see all the genetic associations with that protein from the that massive dataset of over fifty four thousand, UK Biobank participants So it's, it's a it's an enormously helpful resource I'm not a bioinformaticist either, and I, I use it, quite frequently and used to have to use Excel tables And now I can go, go directly to the source Thanks for letting me, I have I have I mean, it's an amazing topic, and I have a lot of questions. And, I mean, I also like to ask you, we are we are hearing a lot about artificial intelligence, machine learning, you know, this is a lot of papers, a lot of discussion about that We know there's also a lot of buzzword around this How close we are to create, let's say, accurate models according how close or how far we are to create accurate models for prediction, for example, based on artificial intelligence updates? Are we close? Or what is your what is your thoughts about that? So, I think that depends a lot on which disease we are talking about and what we really want to predict and how much the prediction is on a certain individual So, I know there is a real hype at the moment with artificial intelligence So, what we can use more on that layer of 'omics data at the moment, I would still call it machine learning and that's where these prediction models you are referring to are also coming out more. So, I think that we are close in that sense that having all these measurements now for so many people with all that additional information, I'm sure we can tease out, clinically relevant ones and that we can follow-up But it's not so at least that's my opinion It it's not, the same type of model that people talk about when they are now fascinated with that large language models and that generative AI where you, what you see when looking into the media with the with the with the all the images. Right? Where where new images are created from the knowledge, from the models you have So, these models have been built on much more data So images are out there in, yeah, you have much more to learn on and it's about text In biology, I think we are not quite there People try to use these the same techniques now and I think it won't take long and to also see successes there, but it's it's it's not the same as what you had been. It's great It's great. Yeah And if I may follow I'm sorry. Yeah, please. Yeah I would like to directly follow-up on this because I totally agree with Gabi, and, I feel very comfortable that you will suggest to call it machine learning before we, before we involve artificial intelligence So and and I I just wanna make the point, in the end, it's not about discovery, but about application So in the end, it will be individual people who who want a clinically accurate decision. And if he involves all the new markers for actually more accurately predict or diagnose some condition, what we will need is to perform a lot of groundwork to get this, actionable in a clinical setting So it's really and there we have to go I mean, we can aim high with machine learning, artificial intelligence, and all these visionary applications. But in the end, we have to come down again and do the groundwork to actually make the markers accessible in a clinical context And there, we still have a long way to go I mean, there is, of course, clinical chemistry There are many assays already in the clinics But most amazingly, many of them are in the clinic since more than forty years unchanged So there is a lot to be added on. They they provide very good value, but there is a lot of room for actually translating biomarkers into the clinics And but you, you know, you realize the level of groundwork you have to do when you just start with thinking about SOPs, developing standard methods We have been involved in such an initiative in Germany where mass spec is meant to be brought to the clinics on a long term goal. So project mass spec for proteins, I have to say, because metabolites are already there in the clinics, metabolite measurements So this initiative, it's a Germany wide initiative It's funded by the, BMBF So it's MS courses And there, we actually team up with the four different course to perform, ring trials And there, we do the total groundwork. So just look at what we can see with mass spec, what can we see in every sample from every lab, irrespective of the methods of the machines or else So there is a lot of groundwork still to do So and we also, of course, explore the affinity methods in this respect to see where we can go I think where where all these new learning methods, artificial intelligence can help us is getting ideas, getting hypotheses. But really, what what we really need to go to the clinic with anything, right, is understand what it means. And if I am correct Stefanie, the biggest problem for the clinical biomarkers because apparently there's a need for clinical biomarkers and it's an emerging need And there are not so many out there or they're not so many well validated need to be expanded, let's say It's more the let's say, the SOPs, it's more the the background work that (is needed) Right? Rather than the technology or also yeah. I mean, there's also such simple things So what we do in the explorative research setting, we always use relative quantification So you throw in comparative data from, like, two hundred, one thousand or with the UK Biobank, even fifty thousand samples And then you have, like, arbitrary units So it's relative quantifications But that doesn't tell you in the end if an individual comes in, where is he or she in the scale. So you need to have absolute quantification This is the groundwork for the clinics, and we are not there But one can go there And for the markers, which, deserve it, so to say, which are well validated in all these discovery cohorts, one should go there. Yeah Yeah I I think bringing I think characterizing I think your point about characterizing the signatures I I will say one of the researchers was on stage at a precision medicine meeting, and he said, somebody was talking about how they've got, artificial intelligence to extrapolate an understanding of African diaspora populations so that they can do better at treating those populations with signatures So they were using the point that they have a small amount of data on these populations, but they can extrapolate. And I remember the response was, I prefer real intelligence over artificial intelligence In that case, we need we need more data to understand the diversity to feed into the future whereby we are then leveraging that information to then go... It's almost like we have to go big and then we have to go small And when we go small, what I'm hearing is they have to be exact quant approaches Right? And so I think talking to folks like you to help us understand that path to the clinic is critical because and just to make our lawyers happy, Olink is a research use only technology, but certainly there are customers that are leveraging it to build these midplex twenty protein assays. You know, Octave Bioscience is a great example, where they're exact quant and they're able to be clinically validated by independent evaluation So just to give make sure our lawyers are happy with us. That's now Absolutely That's a good point So I have also yeah Please Yes Please. I I I I like the idea to at at some point bring also more complex signatures into the clinic where not only it's not only one protein or one metabolite but really signatures where we can capture interactions better, for example, or get a clearer picture of different mechanisms playing a role in a certain participant in a certain patient or or or a person going to the doctor Right? And but that's we are far away from this, I I think because we we need the understanding how things are connected. And that's the phase where I see, what we do at the moment Right? So we try to understand how things are connected, like, integrating all these big screens, all the information that we get from these big screens. So I actually can we can we just focus now? Because I see, you know, what you're providing there as a as a service, is essentially a rising tide that's lifting all boats Right? So you've got your agnostic tech technology You're providing the right guidance for different researchers that are using different technologies for what might help them get to where they need to be Can we talk a little bit about what you offer, the kind of services you offer, you know, who might benefit from this? Are there is there an opportunity to, collaborate with you all? What what is there something to be said about about that? Yeah Sure I mean, my analytical platform is totally open to collaboration, to academia, and, well, even companies if they are interested But we are, of course, mainly academic So and what we offer is actually, solutions So a little bit tailored solution for scientific questions by using proteomics and metabolomics techniques So we do, of course, predesigned essays. I would put Olink in the predesigned portfolio because it's basically a targeted method, which is, just measuring what is in the assay And there is different variants We offer them all And, but we also have, we could also, in metabolomics, for example, design, new methods to discover certain metabolites if needed So we are totally flexible there. And then proteomics, that's also something we regularly do with mass spec So there's all the portfolio like interaction proteomics, phospho-proteomics, extracellular matrix profiling, you name it We we most likely also have it or can at least make connections to someone who is expert in that It's a very broad field and it's taking it's quite a challenge to stay afloat, so to say But, yeah. And we are accessible And it Yeah. To Yep In order to lay this foundation that we're talking about, it takes funding And I know that you're, you know, you have you are up you apply for funding I know you're on many publications Both of you are, of the the direct research in different disease areas I think you're you're probably a a, jack of many trades in that in that regard But I think I think the point is we need to we need to drive funding to, to maintain these valuable resources and expertise. I think the general thing for basic research Like, I think we have to we have to fund basic research in order to arrive to to to to translate to Pharma We need to to help them on basic research That's for sure I have also my usual question if I'm allowed, Stefanie It was always had in my mind about the proteomics, the plasma proteomics, and when you correlate back to tissues Right? How many proteomics proteins in the plasma you are correlating with tissue or tissue specific in percentage? Because I I don't know. This is a very good question I mean, you could you could even go easy and ask the question, how many proteins are in plasma? And I think nobody can answer this Yeah At this point Because, I mean, if you haven't seen it, that the reason might not be that it's not there, but that just the other stuff is covering it So I I would suspect that every protein could theoretically be present in plasma at some time point on some occasion because I mean plasma or the blood is touching everything in our body. So it's not reasonable to assume that, I mean, if any cell on the way is just degrading, then every protein from the cell could theoretically be found in plasma So I think this is a philosophical question. It's like a cell type decomposition Right? It's like you can and and I think we've been trying to do that with RNA Seq in blood for a long time Yeah. But, I mean, that's also the the big, the big opportunity in plasma because it will report on any damage that is in our body, ongoing So that's basically why this is such a promising, sample despite being very challenging So, yeah. Yeah, I think from what would can what plasma proteomics can show quite a bit also in healthy cases, right, is what, the immune related, signals are about or the status is for a person So in that... inflammation... metabolomics and proteomics is really highly complementary, when when you think about blood metabolomics and and proteomics because, yeah, from in in blood, for the metabolites, you see a big mixture of what coming from all the different tissues, liver, kidney, all of them muscle, all of them are metabolically very active. And for metabolites, it's really the the medium which used for the transport of these things from one organ to the other But the readout that you get from plasma proteomics, is is really very much complementary to that because you need the immune system, basically. Gabi, can you in the, healthy, population. Individuals. Yeah And understanding that transition to disease Gabi, we don't get a lot of people to talk about metabolomics on here I'd love to just talk a little bit about, I think that I think of metabolites as, like, the, the money that, that the microbiome pays to the body for rent, for renting space in the gut or wherever, you know, microbiomes are unique Is that how you think of it, or can you fix my way of thinking about it? I just find metabolites are giving us signals that are beyond our organs, but are are also part of this community that we are just starting to understand with sequencing approaches that allow us to sequence things that we haven't had to grow in a petri dish. Absolutely So so it's a chemical, the chemical language, that is used between microbiome and and the cells of our body, right, the human cells of our body So I also see that like that But sometimes I feel that the, it's a bit over over rotation of the of the microbiome also happening So it's it's in waves. Right? I have seen another wave, an earlier wave of the microbiome Before there is, one now or has been, now I'm not saying it's not important I think it's tremendously important but and a lot goes via metabolites but also via imprinting the immune system Right? So these are parts we have to cope with and, in part fight against them but also use them But, it's not so the metabolites in blood are definitely not, only about what what the microbiome, gives into into the soup, into the play. It's it's really, also, transporting what is produced in the liver to get it to the muscles where it's needed and and so on So that's what we see more at least in the metabolites as they are measured now But I know it's it's not about metabolites today... It's more about... But it is all part of like, these are intermediate phenotypes that are helping amplify our ability to understand real time health Right? So I do I do appreciate them and the complexity of integrating proteomics and metabolomics So thanks for indulging me. Can I I'm allowed in that? I mean, because it's really interesting, the topic, you know, the proteomics is fascinating You know? It's and I also also wondered, are there any protein complexes that survive in plasma under these conditions? Or have you seen Stefanie? Have you isolated some protein complexes that, are are staying there and they're functional? Yeah Well, the most prominent protein complex, if you wanna call it like that, in plasma is, of course, extracellular vesicles I mean, this compartment is rich in vesicles, all kind of vesicles, and they are getting a lot of attention nowadays We also look a little bit into this It is a bit, so there is a big chance to also... vesicles go into plasma by several means. Also, of course, from donor organs that shed those vesicles So it might be very interesting to, pull out organ-specific vesicles and, find some markers in there or with them But, I think there is yet another challenge to cope with, but I'm not really very well in this field Well, I'm knowledgeable in this field. But if you freeze the samples, you most likely also destroy parts of these vesicles So and that, of course, poses a serious limitation because typically, the samples are stored frozen because that's what preserves them best, but not in the case of vesicles So, yeah, that's all I can say. So so my some of my tendency, my tendency and conservation is always really important for proteomics, but also for other any other, let's say, metabolome. Yeah For metabolomics even more I mean, that's degrading. Yeah Yeah. Super fast So yeah. And a lot of protocols there for different type of matrices, for different type of analytes Right? And that's that's also a big challenge because there's not a new unified protocol, let's say, for everything That would be amazing Yeah That's super. I can't imagine talking so broadly across so many topics with anyone else I mean, we have recovered a lot of different areas, and I think, like I said, I think you both are you may have started out in one area, but you've become very broad in your understanding and your, importance as a collaborator to many researchers So I I will I looked in our database of Olink publications, and I'll say, Helmholtz has been prominent in over a dozen publications just in the last few years. So it's, it's exciting And and all of that, I think, required some of your involvement Just in our last couple of minutes, I'd love to let each of you, say a last a last a last word And I also wanted to acknowledge Matthias Arnold, who I think was pivotal in in, helping upload some of those UK Biobank data because he's been very generous in answering questions about those data with our customers So I just wanted to give a shout out So if you wanna give any shout outs, although it's always dangerous because you might forget someone. But, but, please, Stefanie, anything anything any last words from you? Yeah Okay I may, just follow-up on what I started to elaborate a little bit, before that the groundwork towards the clinics, it's really something which I feel has to be tackled now And at this point, I would like to thank all the great collaborators in the CLINSPECT-M Consortium in the Munich area and across the MS courses consortium consortia So we have a lot of cool interactions there. And, we have our first paper out, and I'm looking forward to a bright future with bringing mass spec or the alternative methods But in any case, proteins into the clinic So it's a long time We'll put a link to that we'll put a link to that publication. Yeah That sounds great And Gabi? Yeah We'd like to thank Ben (Sun) and Chris (Whelan), who brought us into that big proteomics project from UK Biobank It was really a great collaboration and of course we have worked on proteomics with Karsten Suhre before and hopefully will do in in in the future And so, yeah, these are really big scientists, having broad vision. And, of course, I also, like to thank my the people in my group, who who did that Right? So it's Nick, Maria, and, of course, Matthias He might be a good candidate for a new podcast. Let's do it I love it. Yeah Of course, in our case, we did also some of the proteomics work in collaboration with Claudia Langenberg So if she also brought us into some of her big studies, So as that proteomics is not the core of our scientific work, but we are so convinced that we should bring all these big 'omics screens to the people, to the experimentalists, to the biologists that we are always happy to be on board, for making this service and also improving the service, hopefully in the future together with all these great collaborators. Yeah And to the informatics scientists because they're gonna build us these algorithms that will help us get a a better understanding of all of these data layers So thank you so much, Gabi And then and then Sarantis. No I will say only, like, they say data sharing is caring, right, at the end, and, it's important to share and important to share data, especially nowadays with all of this big data available And this will, bring science and, blood development processes upfront And looking forward for more and looking more for more data and more, more analysis Thank you very much for coming You're actually because it was a great it was a great time for us Thank you. Yeah That was fantastic And so just for our listeners, if you enjoy this content, please share with someone you think might be interested If you have feedback for us or guidance for future episodes, please email us at pip@olink.com which is, stands for proteomics in proximity So thanks, Gabi and Stefanie I am so happy to have you here, and let's see how long it takes us to actually get Matthias, scheduled to this podcast That'll be fun I hope he agrees to to chat about some of the the aspects he's passionate about. So thanks, everyone. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you for listening to the Proteomics in Proximity podcast brought to you by Olink Proteomics To contact the hosts or for further information, simply email info at olink dot com.