Gene Kranz
The leader of the "Tiger Team" of flight directors who brought the Apollo 13 spaceship safely back to Earth on April 17, 1970, Gene Kranz and his famous motto "Failure is not an option," were famously depicted in the 1995 hit film, Apollo 13. A 1954 graduate of Saint Louis University's Parks College, Kranz was commissioned in the U.S. Air Force and flew high-performance jet fighter aircraft, including the F-80, F-86, and F-100. In 1958, he worked as a flight-test engineer for McDonnell Aircraft, developing the Quail Decoy Missile for B-52 and B-47 aircraft. Kranz joined the NASA Space Task Group at Langley, Virginia, in 1960, and was assigned the position of assistant flight director for Project Mercury. He assumed flight director duties for all Project Gemini missions and served as branch chief for Flight Control Operations. He was selected as division chief for Flight Control in 1968. He continued his duties as a flight director for the Apollo 11 Lunar Landing before taking over the leadership of the Apollo 13 "Tiger Team." He was discharged from the Air Force Reserve as a Captain in 1972. Kranz contributed his expertise to a number of other NASA missions during his career, including the Skylab Program. After the Skylab Program concluded, he was named deputy director of Flight Operations for NASA, with responsibility for space flight planning, training and mission operations, aircraft operations, and flight crew operations. In 1983, he was assigned the post of director of Mission Operations and given responsibility for all aspects of mission design, development, maintenance, and operations of related mission facilities, as well as the preparation of Space Shuttle flight software. Kranz retired from NASA in 1994 after 37 years of federal service and is currently a consultant and speaker. He is the recipient of many awards and honors, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He was designated as a Distinguished Member of the Senior Executive Service and is enshrined in the National Aviation Hall of Fame. He received an honorary doctorate from SLU in 2025, and, in honor of Kranz's far-reaching impact, Saint Louis University's School of Science and Engineering introduced the Gene Kranz Professorship of Research/Teaching Excellence in 2024. After retirement, Kranz served as a flight engineer on a B-17 "Flying Fortress", constructed an aerobatic biplane, and in April 2000 published a memoir about his experiences in the space program, Failure is Not an Option: Mission Control from Mercury to Apollo 13 and Beyond. His book, a New York Times Bestseller, has been selected by the History Channel as the basis for a documentary on Mission Control. He and his wife have six children and reside in Texas. His current activities include motivational speaking to professional, military, and civic groups.