Transcripts are auto-transcribed. If you need more accurate transcripts of an episode for ADA purposes, please contact Anthony Hanson - hans4022@umn.edu. 1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,440 I'm Ryan Miller, crop 2 00:00:01,440 --> 00:00:03,480 extension Educator earlier this morning. 3 00:00:03,480 --> 00:00:04,780 We recorded in an episode of 4 00:00:04,780 --> 00:00:07,240 the Strategic Farming Field Notes program. 5 00:00:07,240 --> 00:00:09,139 Strategic Farming Field Notes is 6 00:00:09,139 --> 00:00:10,640 a weekly program addressing 7 00:00:10,640 --> 00:00:12,400 current crop production topics. 8 00:00:12,400 --> 00:00:15,380 A live webinar is hosted at 08:00 A.M. on Wednesdays, 9 00:00:15,380 --> 00:00:16,800 throughout the cropping season. 10 00:00:16,800 --> 00:00:18,139 During the live webinar, 11 00:00:18,139 --> 00:00:19,339 participants can join in 12 00:00:19,339 --> 00:00:21,439 the discussion and get questions answered. 13 00:00:21,439 --> 00:00:23,699 An audio recording of the live program is 14 00:00:23,699 --> 00:00:26,819 released following the webinar via podcast platforms. 15 00:00:26,819 --> 00:00:29,579 Thanks and remember to tune in weekly for discussion 16 00:00:29,579 --> 00:00:33,019 on current cropping and crop management topics. 17 00:00:33,019 --> 00:00:35,440 We welcome you here to the program. 18 00:00:35,440 --> 00:00:37,479 These sessions today are brought to you by 19 00:00:37,479 --> 00:00:39,519 the University of Minnesota Extension with 20 00:00:39,519 --> 00:00:42,199 generous support from Minnesota farm families, 21 00:00:42,199 --> 00:00:43,639 and also from the Minnesota 22 00:00:43,639 --> 00:00:45,899 Soybean Research and Promotion Council, 23 00:00:45,899 --> 00:00:47,699 as well as the Minnesota 24 00:00:47,699 --> 00:00:50,419 Corn Research and Promotion Council. 25 00:00:50,419 --> 00:00:52,320 With that, my name is Dave Nicolai. 26 00:00:52,320 --> 00:00:53,919 I'm University of Minnesota Extension 27 00:00:53,919 --> 00:00:55,974 Educator in Field Crops. 28 00:00:55,974 --> 00:00:58,590 We want to welcome our guests this morning. 29 00:00:58,590 --> 00:01:00,129 Dr. Tom Peters, 30 00:01:00,129 --> 00:01:02,469 Tom's Extension Sugar Beet Wheat Specialist, 31 00:01:02,469 --> 00:01:03,989 working with both the University of 32 00:01:03,989 --> 00:01:06,969 Minnesota and North Dakota State University. 33 00:01:06,969 --> 00:01:09,929 And he's at his office at Fargo this morning. 34 00:01:09,929 --> 00:01:11,849 And Dr. Bob Koch, 35 00:01:11,849 --> 00:01:14,810 extension tomologist in soybeans at 36 00:01:14,810 --> 00:01:17,929 the University of Minnesota as well. 37 00:01:17,929 --> 00:01:19,230 Let's take any more time. 38 00:01:19,230 --> 00:01:22,250 I'm going to start off here and turn the program 39 00:01:22,250 --> 00:01:26,289 over with Tom and Tom. 40 00:01:26,289 --> 00:01:29,349 It's certainly been an interesting year. 41 00:01:29,349 --> 00:01:31,949 We had, I think almost like 42 00:01:31,949 --> 00:01:35,330 the month of August occurring in the month of May. 43 00:01:35,330 --> 00:01:38,069 This year we're extremely warm, 44 00:01:38,069 --> 00:01:40,069 hot, at least for some of us that 45 00:01:40,069 --> 00:01:42,249 are used to a little bit cooler temperatures. 46 00:01:42,249 --> 00:01:43,950 Certainly I think some of that might 47 00:01:43,950 --> 00:01:46,510 have confounded weed biology, 48 00:01:46,510 --> 00:01:50,049 Weed management and that type of thing. 49 00:01:50,049 --> 00:01:52,509 I know every year we talk 50 00:01:52,509 --> 00:01:54,910 about the spread of weeds and so forth. 51 00:01:54,910 --> 00:01:57,289 But before we get into all the herbicide business, 52 00:01:57,289 --> 00:02:00,229 let's talk a little bit about some of 53 00:02:00,229 --> 00:02:04,609 our weed problems that are typically with us every year. 54 00:02:04,609 --> 00:02:06,409 And some of them are more challenging 55 00:02:06,409 --> 00:02:09,009 in situations with an environment like this. 56 00:02:09,009 --> 00:02:10,789 The two that come to my mind, 57 00:02:10,789 --> 00:02:12,029 and you might have others and 58 00:02:12,029 --> 00:02:13,130 talk a little bit about that, 59 00:02:13,130 --> 00:02:16,029 of course, is water, Hemp, and Kosha. 60 00:02:16,029 --> 00:02:18,130 It doesn't really make any difference whether you're 61 00:02:18,130 --> 00:02:22,069 a sugar beet grower or not. It affects all of us. 62 00:02:22,069 --> 00:02:25,489 What are your observations in looking at that in terms 63 00:02:25,489 --> 00:02:27,190 of biology and some of 64 00:02:27,190 --> 00:02:28,949 the problems that we ran into this last year? 65 00:02:28,949 --> 00:02:32,110 Yeah, let's Dave, thank you. 66 00:02:32,110 --> 00:02:36,829 It's a privilege and an honor to be on this morning. 67 00:02:37,550 --> 00:02:39,810 One of the first things 68 00:02:39,810 --> 00:02:42,029 about biology that I like to think 69 00:02:42,029 --> 00:02:46,490 about is when does a weed germinate and emerge? 70 00:02:46,490 --> 00:02:49,910 The textbook says that Kosha is one of 71 00:02:49,910 --> 00:02:54,709 the first weeds that emerge in the spring. It did. 72 00:02:54,709 --> 00:02:57,595 We saw a lot of Kosha, 73 00:02:57,595 --> 00:03:00,819 especially in northwest Minnesota, 74 00:03:00,819 --> 00:03:05,719 but also in west central Minnesota right after planting. 75 00:03:05,719 --> 00:03:08,220 I would argue in some of our fields 76 00:03:08,220 --> 00:03:10,840 that Kosha was the first thing to germinate. 77 00:03:10,840 --> 00:03:12,800 It germinated ahead of the wet. 78 00:03:12,800 --> 00:03:15,459 It germinated ahead of the sugar beets. 79 00:03:15,459 --> 00:03:17,179 But the other thing that we 80 00:03:17,179 --> 00:03:19,539 observed this year about Kosha 81 00:03:19,539 --> 00:03:24,819 is when it got hot in May and June, it went dormant. 82 00:03:24,819 --> 00:03:26,999 We didn't see as much of 83 00:03:26,999 --> 00:03:29,339 the prolonged germination and 84 00:03:29,339 --> 00:03:33,080 emergence that we sometimes see. 85 00:03:33,080 --> 00:03:35,679 I attribute that to how warm it 86 00:03:35,679 --> 00:03:39,659 got and the increase in soil temperatures. 87 00:03:39,659 --> 00:03:43,259 Water hemp is a little bit 88 00:03:43,259 --> 00:03:45,919 of a different story I think this year. 89 00:03:45,919 --> 00:03:49,000 And I'm going to make a bold statement, Dave. 90 00:03:49,000 --> 00:03:52,700 I don't think water hemp was as bad 91 00:03:52,700 --> 00:03:58,940 across the state in 2023 as 2022. 92 00:03:58,940 --> 00:04:03,059 And the reason I say that is, first of all, 93 00:04:03,059 --> 00:04:05,079 there's some areas of the state that 94 00:04:05,079 --> 00:04:08,299 got good rain right after planting. 95 00:04:08,299 --> 00:04:10,199 The Pre worked. 96 00:04:10,199 --> 00:04:14,860 The Pre were very effective on water hemp. 97 00:04:14,860 --> 00:04:19,819 Then the rapid growth of our crops, 98 00:04:19,819 --> 00:04:22,099 again attributed to the soil, 99 00:04:22,099 --> 00:04:24,319 to the air temperatures, 100 00:04:24,319 --> 00:04:29,739 we had tremendous early season growth of our crops. 101 00:04:29,739 --> 00:04:31,999 I think that to some degree, 102 00:04:31,999 --> 00:04:36,000 helped to shield away from water, 103 00:04:36,000 --> 00:04:38,199 hemp germination and emergence. 104 00:04:38,199 --> 00:04:43,259 Then also May and June were pretty dry as well. 105 00:04:43,259 --> 00:04:47,479 In a lot of areas, especially with water, 106 00:04:47,479 --> 00:04:52,280 a seed that grows off the surface or 1 " deep, 107 00:04:52,280 --> 00:04:54,859 usually in response to 108 00:04:54,859 --> 00:04:58,639 rain events and temperature fluctuations. 109 00:04:58,639 --> 00:05:00,200 I don't think we had 110 00:05:00,200 --> 00:05:03,505 the flushes of water hemp that we had in. 111 00:05:03,505 --> 00:05:05,369 Other years? 112 00:05:05,369 --> 00:05:07,890 Well, I would agree, certainly. 113 00:05:07,890 --> 00:05:09,829 I know in some of the places I traverse 114 00:05:09,829 --> 00:05:12,470 in Central and southern Minnesota, 115 00:05:12,470 --> 00:05:14,449 we had really dry conditions. 116 00:05:14,449 --> 00:05:17,449 We had moisture early to help the crop. 117 00:05:17,449 --> 00:05:19,849 And that late April, very early May, 118 00:05:19,849 --> 00:05:21,929 and then we just turned off the faucets, 119 00:05:21,929 --> 00:05:26,490 so to speak, some places for 3456 weeks almost. 120 00:05:26,490 --> 00:05:29,029 And I think that really did affect 121 00:05:29,029 --> 00:05:32,130 the amount of water hemp with that. 122 00:05:32,130 --> 00:05:34,770 What's your recommendation? 123 00:05:34,770 --> 00:05:38,210 Should we be complacent and say, well, 124 00:05:38,210 --> 00:05:41,109 we didn't have much of a problem and we should be 125 00:05:41,109 --> 00:05:42,249 good for the rest of 126 00:05:42,249 --> 00:05:43,730 the year in the next couple of years. 127 00:05:43,730 --> 00:05:46,710 But not really that's the case, is that no, 128 00:05:46,710 --> 00:05:51,349 we need to actively manage weeds year round again. 129 00:05:51,349 --> 00:05:54,309 We have to worry about the biology though. 130 00:05:54,309 --> 00:05:58,790 One characteristic of pigweed 131 00:05:58,790 --> 00:06:04,510 is the seed becomes viable very quickly after flowering. 132 00:06:04,510 --> 00:06:06,830 You only have two weeks. 133 00:06:06,830 --> 00:06:10,729 I want our audience to keep that in mind. 134 00:06:10,729 --> 00:06:13,709 If you're out there pulling weeds, 135 00:06:13,709 --> 00:06:15,510 carry them out of the field, 136 00:06:15,510 --> 00:06:17,869 because if you throw them on the soil, 137 00:06:17,869 --> 00:06:20,849 they're going to finish making seed. 138 00:06:20,849 --> 00:06:22,590 And you're going to have to deal with 139 00:06:22,590 --> 00:06:24,549 the seed for four to six years. 140 00:06:24,549 --> 00:06:28,240 Carry them out if you're going to mow them off, 141 00:06:28,240 --> 00:06:30,329 feel good about mowing, 142 00:06:30,329 --> 00:06:34,130 but realize that some of the seed that's more 143 00:06:34,130 --> 00:06:36,190 advanced is going to make seed 144 00:06:36,190 --> 00:06:39,610 or some of the water hemp is going to make seed. 145 00:06:39,610 --> 00:06:47,090 Now Dave Kosha weed and lamb's quarters are different. 146 00:06:47,090 --> 00:06:50,029 Those weeds require more of 147 00:06:50,029 --> 00:06:53,470 a full season to make viable seed. 148 00:06:53,470 --> 00:06:56,130 So going out and mowing those 149 00:06:56,130 --> 00:06:59,189 in August is perfectly fine, 150 00:06:59,189 --> 00:07:01,710 and I think you will reduce the amount of 151 00:07:01,710 --> 00:07:05,110 weed seed production that you have. 152 00:07:05,110 --> 00:07:06,809 So I would encourage 153 00:07:06,809 --> 00:07:09,830 our listeners to actively manage all weeds, 154 00:07:09,830 --> 00:07:12,150 but feel good about managing 155 00:07:12,150 --> 00:07:15,970 the second batch because that seed isn't viable. 156 00:07:15,970 --> 00:07:18,429 At this point, I know we don't have 157 00:07:18,429 --> 00:07:19,989 a tremendous amount of acres 158 00:07:19,989 --> 00:07:21,390 of small grain and bit wheat, 159 00:07:21,390 --> 00:07:22,630 but are there some things 160 00:07:22,630 --> 00:07:24,790 about the stubble and that crop coming 161 00:07:24,790 --> 00:07:26,729 off and subsequent weed growth 162 00:07:26,729 --> 00:07:28,869 in those areas that you've seen? 163 00:07:28,869 --> 00:07:32,289 Well, I work with a lot 164 00:07:32,289 --> 00:07:36,150 of small grains growers in Northwest Minnesota. 165 00:07:36,150 --> 00:07:38,169 Unfortunately, we have a lot 166 00:07:38,169 --> 00:07:40,229 of weeds this year in our wheat. 167 00:07:40,229 --> 00:07:42,990 That gets back to the earlier comments I 168 00:07:42,990 --> 00:07:46,989 made about Kosha coming up as fast as the wheat. 169 00:07:47,470 --> 00:07:50,329 We're already talking about 170 00:07:50,329 --> 00:07:54,149 post harvest management strategies. 171 00:07:54,149 --> 00:07:57,149 Whenever we're talking about post harvest, 172 00:07:57,149 --> 00:07:58,689 we've also got to be thinking 173 00:07:58,689 --> 00:08:00,669 about what next year's crop is 174 00:08:00,669 --> 00:08:04,649 going to be and incorporate those into our decisions. 175 00:08:04,649 --> 00:08:07,830 But yes, we absolutely will. 176 00:08:08,950 --> 00:08:11,910 We'll try to manage weeds that are 177 00:08:11,910 --> 00:08:15,290 in our residue combination. 178 00:08:15,290 --> 00:08:18,130 I think you hinted to this, even besides the dry weather, 179 00:08:18,130 --> 00:08:21,329 you felt comfortable that where we got some moisture, 180 00:08:21,329 --> 00:08:24,470 that our Pres did a very good job across the landscape. 181 00:08:24,470 --> 00:08:28,910 Yeah, Pres are always an interesting conversation, 182 00:08:28,910 --> 00:08:33,469 so some people sometimes say they didn't do a darn thing, 183 00:08:33,469 --> 00:08:35,314 it was a waste of money. 184 00:08:35,314 --> 00:08:38,419 And I think the performance of 185 00:08:38,419 --> 00:08:44,719 Pre is usually attributed to rainfall patterns. 186 00:08:44,840 --> 00:08:50,140 If you got rain on your Pre in a timely manner, 187 00:08:50,140 --> 00:08:52,739 I think they work very effectively. 188 00:08:52,739 --> 00:08:55,180 But here's the thing, Dave. 189 00:08:55,180 --> 00:09:00,239 The worst thing about a pre herbicide is, 190 00:09:00,240 --> 00:09:06,520 especially in 2023, is if you made the application, 191 00:09:06,520 --> 00:09:08,720 everything you did was correct. 192 00:09:08,720 --> 00:09:10,979 But if you didn't get rain, 193 00:09:10,979 --> 00:09:12,979 you might have gotten a good rain 194 00:09:12,979 --> 00:09:17,539 for ten or 14 days after application. 195 00:09:17,539 --> 00:09:21,199 But that may not have been time wise 196 00:09:21,199 --> 00:09:24,079 adequate where water help 197 00:09:24,079 --> 00:09:27,759 may have germinated and emerged before that. 198 00:09:27,759 --> 00:09:31,139 Even though you did eventually get rain, 199 00:09:31,139 --> 00:09:33,180 the rain came after some of 200 00:09:33,180 --> 00:09:36,760 the earlier weeds started to germinate and emerge. 201 00:09:36,760 --> 00:09:40,399 Really knowing when that event, 202 00:09:40,399 --> 00:09:45,319 that rainfall event occurred in relationship to 203 00:09:45,319 --> 00:09:48,119 the weed biology is really 204 00:09:48,119 --> 00:09:52,440 critical to truly evaluate the performance of pre. 205 00:09:52,440 --> 00:09:55,600 Let's just visit a little bit about sugar beets. 206 00:09:55,600 --> 00:09:57,020 I know it's very preliminary 207 00:09:57,020 --> 00:09:59,200 obviously in a lot of your observations, 208 00:09:59,200 --> 00:10:02,179 but a lot of fields that I looked at, 209 00:10:02,179 --> 00:10:05,160 at least for the Southern in look fairly clean. 210 00:10:05,160 --> 00:10:07,320 Some not so much as others, 211 00:10:07,320 --> 00:10:10,500 but where they made a good attempt, 212 00:10:10,500 --> 00:10:12,960 I think things work very well. 213 00:10:12,960 --> 00:10:14,960 What are your comments about 214 00:10:14,960 --> 00:10:17,719 the sugar beet crop and coming in here for this year? 215 00:10:17,719 --> 00:10:24,380 The same. I learned from Alan Dexter many years ago, 216 00:10:24,380 --> 00:10:29,660 that plant as early as you can, people, 217 00:10:29,660 --> 00:10:31,639 the farmers that were able to 218 00:10:31,639 --> 00:10:33,979 plant the last week of April, 219 00:10:33,979 --> 00:10:39,494 April 30, and then the first few days of May early. 220 00:10:39,494 --> 00:10:42,769 Planted fields look tremendous. 221 00:10:42,769 --> 00:10:45,510 And oh, by the way, they got rain at the end of 222 00:10:45,510 --> 00:10:50,709 the week and that really helped the weed control as well. 223 00:10:50,709 --> 00:10:54,469 But I think we have a very nice crop out there, 224 00:10:54,469 --> 00:10:56,110 and it's not just sugar beets. 225 00:10:56,110 --> 00:10:59,609 Dave? I think across the board in my travels, 226 00:10:59,609 --> 00:11:03,330 I'm seeing a pretty nice crop or crops. 227 00:11:03,330 --> 00:11:06,589 But one thing, about 20:23 228 00:11:06,589 --> 00:11:11,790 we're only two weeks away from a train wreck. 229 00:11:11,790 --> 00:11:14,110 So we're going to need to continue 230 00:11:14,110 --> 00:11:16,349 to get rains because we don't have 231 00:11:16,349 --> 00:11:18,629 a lot of excess rain or 232 00:11:18,629 --> 00:11:21,950 a lot of excess moisture in the profile. 233 00:11:21,950 --> 00:11:24,129 That's for sure. I know that we're 234 00:11:24,129 --> 00:11:25,870 down compared to a year ago, 235 00:11:25,870 --> 00:11:30,429 probably 20 or 30% in terms of qualifying as adequate. 236 00:11:30,429 --> 00:11:32,410 Let's just re summarize 237 00:11:32,410 --> 00:11:34,830 this recommendation for this fall. 238 00:11:34,830 --> 00:11:36,630 We indicated that 239 00:11:36,630 --> 00:11:38,669 probably the hardest weed to deal with is 240 00:11:38,669 --> 00:11:40,590 water hemp because it's going 241 00:11:40,590 --> 00:11:42,930 to go so fast between what I call, 242 00:11:42,930 --> 00:11:45,209 if you think about like the dough stage, 243 00:11:45,209 --> 00:11:48,089 to physiological maturity of that water hemp seed. 244 00:11:48,089 --> 00:11:51,430 That's very quick. I sometimes 245 00:11:51,430 --> 00:11:53,389 I get questions from growers say, 246 00:11:53,389 --> 00:11:55,249 well in this crop or this area, 247 00:11:55,249 --> 00:11:59,749 what if I apply a growth regulator, herbicide or 24d? 248 00:11:59,749 --> 00:12:02,250 Will that affect the viability and so forth? 249 00:12:02,250 --> 00:12:04,979 And I think that's really problematic. 250 00:12:04,979 --> 00:12:08,199 You might have more options in some of these other weeds, 251 00:12:08,199 --> 00:12:11,080 But when it comes to water hemp, 252 00:12:11,080 --> 00:12:14,540 you can't wait too terribly long is that correct? 253 00:12:14,540 --> 00:12:17,060 That's exactly correct. 254 00:12:17,060 --> 00:12:19,979 I think at this time of the year, 255 00:12:19,979 --> 00:12:22,760 and I'm talking about water hemp that's in some of 256 00:12:22,760 --> 00:12:28,099 our low growing crops like sugar beet or soybeans. 257 00:12:28,099 --> 00:12:31,440 Really the only good option we have is 258 00:12:31,440 --> 00:12:36,099 electricity or hand pulling by electricity, 259 00:12:36,099 --> 00:12:38,740 I mean using the weed zapper. 260 00:12:38,740 --> 00:12:41,199 One of the things that we've learned 261 00:12:41,199 --> 00:12:43,560 about the zapper is we've 262 00:12:43,560 --> 00:12:48,980 already experienced the yield loss that's already there. 263 00:12:48,980 --> 00:12:52,859 But one thing the zapper does do is it 264 00:12:52,859 --> 00:12:57,460 stops the physiological maturity process. 265 00:12:57,460 --> 00:13:02,199 In seed, it'll reduce the amount of 266 00:13:02,199 --> 00:13:08,339 water hemp seed that becomes viable and mature as well. 267 00:13:08,339 --> 00:13:10,779 That's one option that we have. 268 00:13:10,779 --> 00:13:12,979 The other thing that we can do is 269 00:13:12,979 --> 00:13:17,439 manage water hemp after we start taking the crops of 270 00:13:17,439 --> 00:13:20,600 either using a fall herbicide program 271 00:13:20,600 --> 00:13:25,579 or possibly using tillage or other means. 272 00:13:25,579 --> 00:13:30,800 Let's think about 20:24 What lessons did we learn 273 00:13:30,800 --> 00:13:36,180 about we control post emergence in terms of timing, 274 00:13:36,180 --> 00:13:38,040 what things worked, what are 275 00:13:38,040 --> 00:13:40,359 some things we need to keep in mind for that? 276 00:13:40,359 --> 00:13:42,939 Certainly, if we're in a sugar beet rotation, 277 00:13:42,939 --> 00:13:44,439 we have a number of years here, 278 00:13:44,439 --> 00:13:46,199 but we've got to leverage 279 00:13:46,199 --> 00:13:49,460 that summations that you observed. 280 00:13:49,460 --> 00:13:51,200 Again, I know it's very preliminarily, 281 00:13:51,200 --> 00:13:53,400 but what are some things 282 00:13:53,400 --> 00:13:56,379 we need to keep forward and keep in mind for 2024? 283 00:13:56,379 --> 00:14:00,300 Yeah, a couple of things that I learned. 284 00:14:00,540 --> 00:14:05,819 The first one is sometimes 285 00:14:05,819 --> 00:14:11,139 we hear about non performance where products don't work. 286 00:14:11,139 --> 00:14:14,540 And I'm going to use an example in Sugar beets, 287 00:14:14,540 --> 00:14:17,279 Peters, I went out and used 288 00:14:17,279 --> 00:14:20,620 Ultra Blazer and it didn't do a thing. 289 00:14:21,180 --> 00:14:24,500 My knee jerk reaction is, yeah, 290 00:14:24,500 --> 00:14:26,280 the water hemp was too big, 291 00:14:26,280 --> 00:14:28,480 but that's not fair. 292 00:14:28,480 --> 00:14:32,299 I think if you see an example like that 293 00:14:32,299 --> 00:14:34,060 where you don't feel you 294 00:14:34,060 --> 00:14:36,680 got the performance that you needed, 295 00:14:36,680 --> 00:14:39,780 you might consider saving 296 00:14:39,780 --> 00:14:44,420 that seed and sending it into Dr. 297 00:14:44,420 --> 00:14:48,320 Serene or myself to test that seed to 298 00:14:48,320 --> 00:14:50,299 determine if there might be 299 00:14:50,299 --> 00:14:53,819 a weed resistance challenge going on. 300 00:14:53,960 --> 00:14:56,639 I guess I've always viewed 301 00:14:56,639 --> 00:14:59,900 weed resistance as somebody else's problem. 302 00:14:59,900 --> 00:15:02,579 Yeah, we've got widespread resistance 303 00:15:02,579 --> 00:15:05,000 with ALS inhibitors and glyphosate, 304 00:15:05,000 --> 00:15:08,039 but by and large the other products all work. 305 00:15:08,039 --> 00:15:10,019 I'm starting to doubt that. 306 00:15:10,019 --> 00:15:11,879 I'm starting to wonder if 307 00:15:11,879 --> 00:15:15,220 weed resistance is becoming more widespread, 308 00:15:15,220 --> 00:15:17,139 especially with the oxen, 309 00:15:17,139 --> 00:15:19,740 especially with the PPO inhibitors, 310 00:15:19,740 --> 00:15:21,959 especially with the Group 27. 311 00:15:21,959 --> 00:15:25,440 Dave, the other thing that I learned, 312 00:15:25,440 --> 00:15:29,720 I'm reminded all the time that agriculture is 313 00:15:29,720 --> 00:15:31,360 a continuous set of 314 00:15:31,360 --> 00:15:34,199 activities that starts with 315 00:15:34,199 --> 00:15:36,460 planting and ends with harvest. 316 00:15:36,460 --> 00:15:40,479 Well, one of the things that I didn't realize, 317 00:15:40,479 --> 00:15:46,940 or I failed to realize is how dry it was in 2023, 318 00:15:46,940 --> 00:15:50,960 especially in August, September, and October, 319 00:15:50,960 --> 00:15:56,840 we didn't get a lot of breakdown of the 2023 herbicides 320 00:15:56,840 --> 00:15:59,639 and then add that to the late spring that we 321 00:15:59,639 --> 00:16:03,239 had heck in my front yard in Fargo, 322 00:16:03,239 --> 00:16:06,540 I had 2 ft of snow on 15 April. 323 00:16:06,540 --> 00:16:10,399 We didn't get any herbicide breakdown in the spring. 324 00:16:10,399 --> 00:16:12,619 The combination of the events in 325 00:16:12,619 --> 00:16:15,140 the fall combined with the spring 326 00:16:15,140 --> 00:16:18,480 I think reduce the breakdown 327 00:16:18,480 --> 00:16:20,620 of some of the products that we had. 328 00:16:20,620 --> 00:16:24,720 And that resulted in carryover in some places. 329 00:16:24,720 --> 00:16:28,639 So those kinds of lessons and learning about how 330 00:16:28,639 --> 00:16:31,400 last year's products can impact 331 00:16:31,400 --> 00:16:33,179 this year's crop or 332 00:16:33,179 --> 00:16:35,660 this year's products and next year's crop, 333 00:16:35,660 --> 00:16:38,600 I think is a real important message 334 00:16:38,600 --> 00:16:41,300 for our listeners. Well, thank you Tom. 335 00:16:41,300 --> 00:16:42,720 I hope you can hang on. We might have 336 00:16:42,720 --> 00:16:45,020 a question or two as we go forward. 337 00:16:45,020 --> 00:16:47,499 So it's a good opportunity, 338 00:16:47,499 --> 00:16:48,880 like we said, to get out, 339 00:16:48,880 --> 00:16:51,060 take care of those field edges, 340 00:16:51,060 --> 00:16:53,100 approaches, fence lines and 341 00:16:53,100 --> 00:16:55,309 so forth as we go forward here. 342 00:16:55,309 --> 00:17:02,540 And that we see situation with that One last message, 343 00:17:02,540 --> 00:17:06,619 Sugar beet, pre harvest will start on Monday. 344 00:17:06,619 --> 00:17:09,540 All right. So there'll be a lot of trucks on the road. 345 00:17:09,540 --> 00:17:11,000 Everybody be safe out 346 00:17:11,000 --> 00:17:12,820 there when you're out on the highways. 347 00:17:12,820 --> 00:17:14,920 Sure. Sign of fall there 348 00:17:14,920 --> 00:17:17,999 in terms of that summer is coming to an end. 349 00:17:17,999 --> 00:17:19,719 But Bob, we're not quite 350 00:17:19,719 --> 00:17:22,240 done with this insect situation here. 351 00:17:22,240 --> 00:17:25,980 It just keeps coming up and so forth. 352 00:17:25,980 --> 00:17:27,820 And we think, well, the month of July 353 00:17:27,820 --> 00:17:29,400 is over. I guess we're all done. 354 00:17:29,400 --> 00:17:31,639 But not necessarily When we talk about 355 00:17:31,639 --> 00:17:35,259 soybeans and other things, it's weather confounding. 356 00:17:35,259 --> 00:17:37,349 I know you've called around a little bit, 357 00:17:37,349 --> 00:17:40,000 I was at Farm Fest this last week. 358 00:17:40,000 --> 00:17:42,999 A number of growers, we're talking about that. 359 00:17:42,999 --> 00:17:45,059 It's not every field. 360 00:17:45,059 --> 00:17:47,880 What are some words to the why, so to speak, 361 00:17:47,880 --> 00:17:50,299 that you might have a little bit about where we are on 362 00:17:50,299 --> 00:17:52,619 soybean aphids and what 363 00:17:52,619 --> 00:17:55,499 should we be doing across Minnesota. 364 00:17:55,499 --> 00:17:59,219 Yeah, thanks, Dave. In terms of what we should be doing, 365 00:17:59,219 --> 00:18:01,819 we should definitely be scouting our fields. 366 00:18:01,819 --> 00:18:04,300 There's a lot of variability out there. 367 00:18:04,300 --> 00:18:06,260 I think a lot of that depends on how 368 00:18:06,260 --> 00:18:08,639 the rainfall patterns shook 369 00:18:08,639 --> 00:18:10,360 out for different parts of the state. 370 00:18:10,360 --> 00:18:14,420 Areas that got some decent earlier rains, 371 00:18:14,420 --> 00:18:16,040 seems like that's where we're seeing 372 00:18:16,040 --> 00:18:19,870 a lot more soybean aphids right now, especially. 373 00:18:19,870 --> 00:18:22,579 And a Southwestern Minnesota. 374 00:18:22,579 --> 00:18:27,599 Central Minnesota, even into Northwest Minnesota. 375 00:18:27,599 --> 00:18:31,319 I spoke with Aaron Lorenz, our soybean breeder. 376 00:18:31,319 --> 00:18:33,279 He has some trials up in Crookston. 377 00:18:33,279 --> 00:18:36,520 He had to get his plots treated for aphids. 378 00:18:36,520 --> 00:18:38,080 I was down in Lamberton 379 00:18:38,080 --> 00:18:40,460 this week and setting up an insecticide trial. 380 00:18:40,460 --> 00:18:43,559 We had well over 1,000 aphids per plant. 381 00:18:43,559 --> 00:18:46,720 It's a pretty big aphid year in some spots. 382 00:18:46,720 --> 00:18:49,739 But it's certainly not all areas, not all fields, 383 00:18:49,739 --> 00:18:54,560 areas that are a little drier have continued to be dry, 384 00:18:54,560 --> 00:18:57,679 are still looking at issues with spider mites. 385 00:18:57,679 --> 00:18:59,500 And we know those are a very challenging 386 00:18:59,500 --> 00:19:02,940 pest under dry conditions. 387 00:19:02,940 --> 00:19:07,739 What are some of the concerns or 388 00:19:07,739 --> 00:19:11,939 dangers here of pulling the trigger too early? 389 00:19:11,939 --> 00:19:13,839 We know that aphids 390 00:19:13,839 --> 00:19:17,519 can develop an opportunity to move from field to field. 391 00:19:17,519 --> 00:19:20,299 But what's the downside on 392 00:19:20,299 --> 00:19:24,499 beneficials and just lining to be like from an insurance? 393 00:19:24,499 --> 00:19:26,199 Well, I'll think because my neighbors do it, 394 00:19:26,199 --> 00:19:27,249 I'm going to do it. 395 00:19:27,249 --> 00:19:29,339 Maybe talk a little bit about that. 396 00:19:29,339 --> 00:19:31,860 Yeah, you bring up a couple of good points, Dave, 397 00:19:31,860 --> 00:19:34,739 and I think they tie into the biology of this insect. 398 00:19:34,739 --> 00:19:36,739 The first is the movement. 399 00:19:36,739 --> 00:19:39,600 Around this time of year, we often see 400 00:19:39,600 --> 00:19:44,300 these slab aphid populations developing wings, 401 00:19:44,300 --> 00:19:46,340 and then they can move to new fields. 402 00:19:46,340 --> 00:19:48,060 When they're moving to new fields, 403 00:19:48,060 --> 00:19:50,599 they're often looking for some of 404 00:19:50,599 --> 00:19:52,679 the later planted fields that 405 00:19:52,679 --> 00:19:55,620 are not as far along developmentally, 406 00:19:55,620 --> 00:19:57,339 those are going to be really attractive 407 00:19:57,339 --> 00:19:58,600 and not only attractive, 408 00:19:58,600 --> 00:19:59,740 but more suitable where 409 00:19:59,740 --> 00:20:02,279 the aphid populations can grow faster. 410 00:20:02,279 --> 00:20:06,520 That movement can be triggered by different things. 411 00:20:06,520 --> 00:20:09,600 Can be triggered by the quality of the slab plant. 412 00:20:09,600 --> 00:20:11,520 Maybe there are too many aphids there. 413 00:20:11,520 --> 00:20:14,299 And then those aphid mothers can detect 414 00:20:14,299 --> 00:20:17,239 that they'll produce a generation of 415 00:20:17,239 --> 00:20:19,440 babies that will develop wings and fly 416 00:20:19,440 --> 00:20:22,379 away if you have 417 00:20:22,379 --> 00:20:25,059 a field that's not necessarily heavily infested. 418 00:20:25,059 --> 00:20:26,719 Now, that can change in 419 00:20:26,719 --> 00:20:28,580 a short amount of time when you get 420 00:20:28,580 --> 00:20:31,000 these winged aphids migrating 421 00:20:31,000 --> 00:20:34,200 into a field and reproducing. 422 00:20:34,200 --> 00:20:36,520 The other aspect that you mentioned 423 00:20:36,520 --> 00:20:38,500 are the natural enemies. 424 00:20:38,500 --> 00:20:41,660 These are predatory insects like lady beetles or 425 00:20:41,660 --> 00:20:46,220 these tiny parasitic wasps that attack the aphids. 426 00:20:46,220 --> 00:20:50,020 These wasps lay their eggs inside the aphids. 427 00:20:50,020 --> 00:20:52,459 The wasp eggs hatch and then 428 00:20:52,459 --> 00:20:56,079 the wasp larvae will feed inside the aphid, killing it. 429 00:20:56,079 --> 00:20:57,799 And then the wasp merges, 430 00:20:57,799 --> 00:20:59,880 flies away, starts its life cycle over again. 431 00:20:59,880 --> 00:21:01,060 But what they do is they leave 432 00:21:01,060 --> 00:21:03,819 behind what we call an aphid mummy, 433 00:21:03,819 --> 00:21:05,379 which are the dried, 434 00:21:05,379 --> 00:21:07,840 rusty, puffy remains of the aphid. 435 00:21:07,840 --> 00:21:10,860 The fields we've been sampling around the state, 436 00:21:10,860 --> 00:21:12,919 we've got very high levels of 437 00:21:12,919 --> 00:21:15,999 parasitism by these parasitic wasps. 438 00:21:15,999 --> 00:21:17,979 And it seems like in some areas, 439 00:21:17,979 --> 00:21:19,959 these parasitic wasps and 440 00:21:19,959 --> 00:21:21,699 the lady beetles might be 441 00:21:21,699 --> 00:21:23,540 holding the aphid populations in check. 442 00:21:23,540 --> 00:21:24,800 We're reaching maybe 100, 443 00:21:24,800 --> 00:21:26,100 200 aphids per plant, 444 00:21:26,100 --> 00:21:27,400 but they're flat lining there. 445 00:21:27,400 --> 00:21:29,144 They're not continuing to increase. 446 00:21:29,144 --> 00:21:30,830 But there are clearly areas where 447 00:21:30,830 --> 00:21:33,770 the aphids are outpacing these natural enemies. 448 00:21:33,770 --> 00:21:36,329 And sky rocketing to much higher levels. 449 00:21:36,329 --> 00:21:39,050 Again, you can't just 450 00:21:39,050 --> 00:21:40,529 assume that you have 451 00:21:40,529 --> 00:21:42,369 no aphids or you have tons of aphids. 452 00:21:42,369 --> 00:21:45,150 You got to get out there and scout your fields and 453 00:21:45,150 --> 00:21:46,230 really get a feel for what's 454 00:21:46,230 --> 00:21:48,670 happening in each of those particular fields. 455 00:21:48,670 --> 00:21:50,129 We're backing off some of 456 00:21:50,129 --> 00:21:51,890 these high temperatures this week. 457 00:21:51,890 --> 00:21:55,009 We're back in some places up north '70s, 458 00:21:55,009 --> 00:21:56,789 but typically in the '80s, 459 00:21:56,789 --> 00:21:58,790 that's still pretty prime temperature, 460 00:21:58,790 --> 00:22:02,190 is it not, for aphid survival at this point. 461 00:22:02,190 --> 00:22:04,730 At least going forward, it looks at the next two weeks. 462 00:22:04,730 --> 00:22:06,749 Yeah. A lot of us like to think about it, 463 00:22:06,749 --> 00:22:08,970 that the temperatures where we're feeling comfortable 464 00:22:08,970 --> 00:22:12,209 outside in the '80s, 465 00:22:12,450 --> 00:22:15,290 that's where aphids are doing really well. 466 00:22:15,290 --> 00:22:17,950 Once you get up into the mid '90s 467 00:22:17,950 --> 00:22:21,110 and higher aphid reproduction starts slowing down, 468 00:22:21,110 --> 00:22:22,610 they don't do as well. 469 00:22:22,610 --> 00:22:25,729 It might have been those high temperatures earlier 470 00:22:25,729 --> 00:22:29,510 on this summer that we're slowing down aphid populations. 471 00:22:29,510 --> 00:22:31,329 Now, as you were saying, David, 472 00:22:31,329 --> 00:22:33,509 we're getting some somewhat cooler weather 473 00:22:33,509 --> 00:22:36,289 and this could be really good aphid growing weather. 474 00:22:36,289 --> 00:22:38,669 Not only are we getting that movement or 475 00:22:38,669 --> 00:22:41,329 redistribution of the aphids among fields, 476 00:22:41,329 --> 00:22:43,410 but once they get into those fields, 477 00:22:43,410 --> 00:22:45,549 temperatures are looking pretty 478 00:22:45,549 --> 00:22:47,799 good for them to grow quite rapidly. 479 00:22:47,799 --> 00:22:49,949 I've talked with Bruce Potter 480 00:22:49,949 --> 00:22:51,310 over the years and so forth, 481 00:22:51,310 --> 00:22:53,090 and a lot of things come 482 00:22:53,090 --> 00:22:55,509 back to you keep going out there in the field 483 00:22:55,509 --> 00:22:57,070 and watching because things 484 00:22:57,070 --> 00:22:58,870 can still be a problem all the way up until 485 00:22:58,870 --> 00:23:03,110 R five soybeans. Any comments there? 486 00:23:03,110 --> 00:23:06,510 Yeah, we recommend scouting in using the threshold at 487 00:23:06,510 --> 00:23:11,469 250 aphids per plant through the R five growth stage. 488 00:23:11,550 --> 00:23:15,249 In doing so, you're going to protect 489 00:23:15,249 --> 00:23:18,910 your yields from losses caused by the aphids. 490 00:23:18,910 --> 00:23:21,070 But what you're also going to do by 491 00:23:21,070 --> 00:23:23,689 scouting regularly and using that threshold is 492 00:23:23,689 --> 00:23:25,470 prevent some of the more 493 00:23:25,470 --> 00:23:29,649 challenging later season decision making. 494 00:23:29,649 --> 00:23:31,989 We know that based on 495 00:23:31,989 --> 00:23:34,270 some data from some of my colleagues in Minnesota, 496 00:23:34,270 --> 00:23:37,689 that infestations into early R six can 497 00:23:37,689 --> 00:23:41,430 sometimes cause yield loss if they are much larger. 498 00:23:41,430 --> 00:23:44,349 Infestations probably above, 499 00:23:44,349 --> 00:23:48,350 well above the typical economic injury level. 500 00:23:48,350 --> 00:23:50,970 That's a really tricky time to try to make 501 00:23:50,970 --> 00:23:53,850 a decision to apply that insecticide. 502 00:23:53,850 --> 00:23:55,220 Hopefully, if we're scouting, 503 00:23:55,220 --> 00:23:56,989 using the threshold before that, 504 00:23:56,989 --> 00:24:01,370 we'll be putting ourselves in a better situation. 505 00:24:01,370 --> 00:24:03,569 Well, some of these newer products 506 00:24:03,569 --> 00:24:05,849 and pre mixes and 507 00:24:05,849 --> 00:24:07,669 so forth that we have to be careful about. 508 00:24:07,669 --> 00:24:11,609 If you've made one application ignoring that field, 509 00:24:11,609 --> 00:24:13,070 things can come back and you've 510 00:24:13,070 --> 00:24:15,290 already taken out the beneficials. 511 00:24:15,290 --> 00:24:17,450 There is such a thing as movement 512 00:24:17,450 --> 00:24:19,989 as a continuing problem, is there not? 513 00:24:19,989 --> 00:24:22,529 In terms of some of these fields, 514 00:24:22,529 --> 00:24:24,169 depending upon how they're managed. 515 00:24:24,169 --> 00:24:27,689 If they were applied much earlier in the season. 516 00:24:27,689 --> 00:24:30,609 Yeah. Dave, you can have movement to the aphids and 517 00:24:30,609 --> 00:24:33,949 recolonization after an insecticide treatment. 518 00:24:33,949 --> 00:24:36,689 But I think two things I want to bring up. 519 00:24:36,689 --> 00:24:39,210 One is insecticide resistance. 520 00:24:39,210 --> 00:24:41,390 Keep in mind that we still 521 00:24:41,390 --> 00:24:43,909 have pyrethroid resistance soybean aids out there. 522 00:24:43,909 --> 00:24:46,350 We've documented it now over multiple years. 523 00:24:46,350 --> 00:24:50,329 Pretty much across all of the soybean growing regions 524 00:24:50,329 --> 00:24:53,150 of Minnesota into the neighboring states as well. 525 00:24:53,150 --> 00:24:57,930 Manitoba, the Dakotas, Iowa. Keep that in mind. 526 00:24:57,930 --> 00:24:59,750 If you're applying a pyrethroid, 527 00:24:59,750 --> 00:25:01,910 you want to get out there and scout after 528 00:25:01,910 --> 00:25:04,330 those applications to make 529 00:25:04,330 --> 00:25:07,609 sure the insecticide did what you wanted it to do. 530 00:25:08,610 --> 00:25:12,609 You mentioned mixtures, Dave. 531 00:25:12,609 --> 00:25:14,950 It seems like these mixtures 532 00:25:14,950 --> 00:25:16,450 are still working quite well. 533 00:25:16,450 --> 00:25:19,730 Even the mixtures that contain a pyrethroid, 534 00:25:19,730 --> 00:25:21,329 they're still doing pretty well, 535 00:25:21,329 --> 00:25:22,769 even though the aphids might be 536 00:25:22,769 --> 00:25:24,649 resistant to half that product. 537 00:25:24,649 --> 00:25:27,070 Right? But one of the challenges I think, 538 00:25:27,070 --> 00:25:28,749 with the mixtures is if we go 539 00:25:28,749 --> 00:25:32,449 in with a mixture on our first aphid application, 540 00:25:32,449 --> 00:25:35,189 if we need to come back in for another application 541 00:25:35,189 --> 00:25:38,510 against aphids or mites or something else, 542 00:25:38,510 --> 00:25:40,870 it limits our options, right? 543 00:25:40,870 --> 00:25:42,549 Because you've already gone in with 544 00:25:42,549 --> 00:25:45,030 two different insecticide groups probably. 545 00:25:45,030 --> 00:25:46,729 And we don't really have all that 546 00:25:46,729 --> 00:25:49,589 many total insecticide groups available to us. 547 00:25:49,589 --> 00:25:51,929 So just keep that in mind as you're thinking 548 00:25:51,929 --> 00:25:55,570 about your arsenal insecticides 549 00:25:55,570 --> 00:25:58,850 and how you might rotate through them. 550 00:25:58,890 --> 00:26:01,909 Well, I think that's oftentimes 551 00:26:01,909 --> 00:26:04,549 the case and you might mention a little bit about we can 552 00:26:04,549 --> 00:26:07,449 aggravate or flare that spider mite if 553 00:26:07,449 --> 00:26:10,349 we don't get rain here in some places. 554 00:26:10,349 --> 00:26:13,549 No, it sounds like a pretty good chance of 555 00:26:13,549 --> 00:26:19,070 some rain Thursday night in Friday. 556 00:26:19,070 --> 00:26:21,509 And I don't know over a lot of 557 00:26:21,509 --> 00:26:24,489 Minnesota that situations with that. 558 00:26:24,489 --> 00:26:27,590 But even a normal rain, 559 00:26:27,590 --> 00:26:29,950 Bob isn't going to alleviate 560 00:26:29,950 --> 00:26:33,169 and wash off the soybeans, is it not? 561 00:26:33,169 --> 00:26:34,949 I think we have to make a comment 562 00:26:34,949 --> 00:26:39,890 about a rainfall doesn't negate the problem here. 563 00:26:39,890 --> 00:26:42,909 Right, Dave? First, so you 564 00:26:42,909 --> 00:26:45,410 mentioned aggravating the pest populations. 565 00:26:45,410 --> 00:26:47,349 One thing I want to mention, 566 00:26:47,349 --> 00:26:50,629 if you've got a field that has mites in it, 567 00:26:50,629 --> 00:26:53,250 keep in mind what insecticides you're using. 568 00:26:53,250 --> 00:26:55,630 A lot of the pyrethroid insecticides 569 00:26:55,630 --> 00:26:57,430 could make that problem worse. 570 00:26:57,430 --> 00:26:59,870 They can flare the mite populations. 571 00:26:59,870 --> 00:27:04,749 If you're targeting spider mites, things like birn, 572 00:27:04,749 --> 00:27:07,329 there are some other mid, 573 00:27:10,090 --> 00:27:13,529 remind me what the other part of the question was. 574 00:27:13,690 --> 00:27:19,350 Basically in terms of monitoring there, 575 00:27:19,350 --> 00:27:22,649 that it can be a lot of variability with the rainfall. 576 00:27:22,649 --> 00:27:23,749 That's right, Yeah. 577 00:27:23,749 --> 00:27:25,830 Yeah. 578 00:27:25,830 --> 00:27:29,570 In regards to the rainfall when 579 00:27:29,570 --> 00:27:31,009 those Saban canopies are 580 00:27:31,009 --> 00:27:33,129 closed and pretty thick and lush, 581 00:27:33,129 --> 00:27:35,009 they can provide a 582 00:27:35,009 --> 00:27:36,490 pretty good amount of protection there. 583 00:27:36,490 --> 00:27:39,289 Right. So if you have 584 00:27:39,289 --> 00:27:42,990 a pretty huge storm at this year with a thick canopy, 585 00:27:42,990 --> 00:27:44,890 it might knock the aphids down a little bit, 586 00:27:44,890 --> 00:27:46,409 but I wouldn't necessarily count on it. 587 00:27:46,409 --> 00:27:48,690 I think you'd want to get back out there and scout again. 588 00:27:48,690 --> 00:27:51,329 I think of that kind of weather impact 589 00:27:51,329 --> 00:27:52,569 a little earlier in the season 590 00:27:52,569 --> 00:27:53,990 when the canopies are more open, 591 00:27:53,990 --> 00:27:56,309 you get the hard driving rain and some winds. 592 00:27:56,309 --> 00:27:58,430 I think Ian Mccrae has shown 593 00:27:58,430 --> 00:28:01,250 that that can knock the aphid populations back. 594 00:28:01,250 --> 00:28:03,874 In terms of spider mites. 595 00:28:03,874 --> 00:28:07,399 Um, I also would not count 596 00:28:07,399 --> 00:28:10,199 on a decent rainfall 597 00:28:10,199 --> 00:28:12,900 necessarily knocking their populations back. 598 00:28:12,900 --> 00:28:15,900 I think what the more important factor is there 599 00:28:15,900 --> 00:28:19,259 is a good period of time with 600 00:28:19,259 --> 00:28:21,579 high humidities to favor 601 00:28:21,579 --> 00:28:25,820 the fungal diseases that knock down the mite populations. 602 00:28:25,820 --> 00:28:28,540 Not necessarily one or two rainfalls, right? 603 00:28:28,540 --> 00:28:31,380 And I know even in the area and eastern part here, 604 00:28:31,380 --> 00:28:33,460 they're only talking about a quarter inch of rain, 605 00:28:33,460 --> 00:28:35,120 possibly on Thursday night. 606 00:28:35,120 --> 00:28:37,859 Really very negligible. 607 00:28:37,859 --> 00:28:40,180 But just last thing, on the soybean Aps, 608 00:28:40,180 --> 00:28:42,079 keep in mind that you mentioned some areas of 609 00:28:42,079 --> 00:28:43,219 Western Minnesota that were 610 00:28:43,219 --> 00:28:46,139 heavier with a populations but, 611 00:28:46,139 --> 00:28:48,540 you know, more here on the eastern side of the state. 612 00:28:48,540 --> 00:28:49,659 We haven't seen that as much. 613 00:28:49,659 --> 00:28:51,880 Now they're picking up maybe in the Southeast, 614 00:28:51,880 --> 00:28:54,059 but we had a lot of variability. 615 00:28:54,059 --> 00:28:56,779 We had soybeans that were planted and sat in 616 00:28:56,779 --> 00:29:00,100 the soil for 345 or six weeks before emergence. 617 00:29:00,100 --> 00:29:02,080 So even in soybean crop, it was up and down. 618 00:29:02,080 --> 00:29:04,940 Up and down, and we were dry. 619 00:29:04,940 --> 00:29:07,500 But interesting to see how that comes out. 620 00:29:07,500 --> 00:29:09,039 But the bottom line is, 621 00:29:09,039 --> 00:29:11,380 we haven't seen the pressure. 622 00:29:11,380 --> 00:29:15,479 You can't always paint with a broad brush, right? 623 00:29:15,479 --> 00:29:17,479 And I think that's certainly 624 00:29:17,479 --> 00:29:20,300 been the case from what you've seen from there, 625 00:29:20,300 --> 00:29:22,179 and even on St. Paul campus. 626 00:29:22,179 --> 00:29:24,480 I know we've looked around and I haven't seen as much 627 00:29:24,480 --> 00:29:27,864 either in terms of that. 628 00:29:27,864 --> 00:29:29,570 Yeah, David, you know, that all gets back 629 00:29:29,570 --> 00:29:31,210 to getting out there and scouting the field. 630 00:29:31,210 --> 00:29:33,730 There's a lot of variability out there this year. 631 00:29:33,730 --> 00:29:36,289 If I can take just a couple seconds here. 632 00:29:36,289 --> 00:29:38,629 So want to mention that in talking 633 00:29:38,629 --> 00:29:41,289 with Angie Peltier from Crookston, 634 00:29:41,289 --> 00:29:44,469 she there's quite a bit 635 00:29:44,469 --> 00:29:47,309 of a green clover worm larvae in some fields, 636 00:29:47,309 --> 00:29:48,850 so that might be something people want to start 637 00:29:48,850 --> 00:29:50,929 paying attention to in some areas. 638 00:29:50,929 --> 00:29:52,790 These are small green caterpillars 639 00:29:52,790 --> 00:29:55,409 sounded like they're in their early in stars, 640 00:29:55,409 --> 00:29:56,830 very young caterpillars yet. 641 00:29:56,830 --> 00:29:58,569 But as they get bigger, 642 00:29:58,569 --> 00:30:01,810 their consumption of leaf area can really increase. 643 00:30:01,810 --> 00:30:03,550 So these are defoliating insects. 644 00:30:03,550 --> 00:30:05,129 We've also got grasshoppers out there in 645 00:30:05,129 --> 00:30:07,509 pretty high numbers in some areas. 646 00:30:07,509 --> 00:30:09,090 Just another reminder, 647 00:30:09,090 --> 00:30:11,469 something else to be looking for when you're 648 00:30:11,469 --> 00:30:14,849 scouting and keep the thresholds in mind for this time of 649 00:30:14,849 --> 00:30:18,589 year reproductive stage soybean in Minnesota, 650 00:30:18,589 --> 00:30:21,829 we're still using the defoliation threshold of 651 00:30:21,829 --> 00:30:27,309 20% Look at multiple plants across the field. 652 00:30:27,309 --> 00:30:29,109 Some leaves from the top, middle, 653 00:30:29,109 --> 00:30:30,489 and bottom of the plants 654 00:30:30,489 --> 00:30:33,590 average all those levels of defoliation. 655 00:30:33,590 --> 00:30:37,009 Then if that field wide average is above 656 00:30:37,009 --> 00:30:39,269 20% that's where we would 657 00:30:39,269 --> 00:30:42,130 recommend starting to line up an insecticide application. 658 00:30:42,130 --> 00:30:45,110 Some folks might be hearing about some lower thresholds, 659 00:30:45,110 --> 00:30:51,049 ten to 15% reproductive growth stage is a soybean, 660 00:30:51,049 --> 00:30:54,389 but in Minnesota, at 661 00:30:54,389 --> 00:30:56,470 the University of Minnesota 662 00:30:56,470 --> 00:30:59,770 recommending the 20% threshold. 663 00:30:59,770 --> 00:31:02,830 Okay. Great. Well, we've been through 664 00:31:02,830 --> 00:31:04,809 a lot of communication 665 00:31:04,809 --> 00:31:06,690 here this morning on some important issues, 666 00:31:06,690 --> 00:31:08,210 both weeds and insects. 667 00:31:08,210 --> 00:31:11,369 Tom, you've had a little bit of a break there. 668 00:31:11,369 --> 00:31:12,989 Any last thoughts that you have 669 00:31:12,989 --> 00:31:15,249 on from a weed science perspective that 670 00:31:15,249 --> 00:31:17,450 we did not address 671 00:31:17,450 --> 00:31:20,889 that we should mention here as we close? 672 00:31:21,850 --> 00:31:27,010 No, I don't have anything else but thanks for asking. 673 00:31:27,850 --> 00:31:30,310 We certainly have that and we'll 674 00:31:30,310 --> 00:31:32,450 have and so forth coming out. 675 00:31:32,450 --> 00:31:34,829 And Bob, I know that we have 676 00:31:34,829 --> 00:31:38,829 some other events coming up here with Bruce Potter, 677 00:31:38,829 --> 00:31:42,910 Lambert in the end of August here on corn t Worm. 678 00:31:42,910 --> 00:31:46,310 Our new insect specialist, 679 00:31:46,310 --> 00:31:48,870 Fay is on staff now there. 680 00:31:48,870 --> 00:31:50,750 And we're also going to have another event, 681 00:31:50,750 --> 00:31:54,990 probably at N Rosemont area on September 7. 682 00:31:54,990 --> 00:31:57,690 We watch for that for a field days. 683 00:31:57,690 --> 00:32:01,990 Dr. Dean Melk as well. 684 00:32:01,990 --> 00:32:08,310 We'll have an opportunity to address those as well. 685 00:32:08,310 --> 00:32:10,970 I'll just put a plug in for the crop news. 686 00:32:10,970 --> 00:32:13,529 A couple of articles that you've been involved with, 687 00:32:13,529 --> 00:32:15,890 Bob and Bruce and other people have talked 688 00:32:15,890 --> 00:32:18,569 about soybeans, spider mites. 689 00:32:18,569 --> 00:32:19,850 If you didn't pick up 690 00:32:19,850 --> 00:32:21,209 everything that we're talking about here, 691 00:32:21,209 --> 00:32:24,310 I'll refer back to University of Minnesota Crop News. 692 00:32:24,310 --> 00:32:26,149 Finally, Tom, I'll put in 693 00:32:26,149 --> 00:32:28,889 a shameless plug for an article that 694 00:32:28,889 --> 00:32:30,889 you and I were involved with in the Crops and 695 00:32:30,889 --> 00:32:34,089 Soils magazine on herbicide resistance. 696 00:32:34,089 --> 00:32:36,150 You can get it online. 697 00:32:36,150 --> 00:32:37,909 If you get the magazine, 698 00:32:37,909 --> 00:32:39,710 a Certified Crop Advisor, 699 00:32:39,710 --> 00:32:41,449 or whatever, take a look at 700 00:32:41,449 --> 00:32:43,990 the most recent edition of Crops and soils. 701 00:32:43,990 --> 00:32:45,789 And it gives a good overview here 702 00:32:45,789 --> 00:32:48,270 of what we're dealing with in the upper Midwest. 703 00:32:48,270 --> 00:32:50,970 With that, at this point, 704 00:32:50,970 --> 00:32:52,169 I have another question here. 705 00:32:52,169 --> 00:32:54,849 I'm going to segue back over to Dean Lb, 706 00:32:54,849 --> 00:32:56,650 because it's more of a disease one, 707 00:32:56,650 --> 00:32:59,610 and save Bob of being 708 00:32:59,610 --> 00:33:03,069 a plant pathologist here this morning with that. 709 00:33:03,069 --> 00:33:04,869 But we want to thank both of 710 00:33:04,869 --> 00:33:06,989 you for taking the time out of 711 00:33:06,989 --> 00:33:11,250 your schedule to be a part of the program again. 712 00:33:11,250 --> 00:33:14,429 And so we'd like to also just to capsulize here. 713 00:33:14,429 --> 00:33:15,869 The sessions were brought to you 714 00:33:15,869 --> 00:33:17,749 by University of Minnesota Extension, 715 00:33:17,749 --> 00:33:20,850 University of M Farm Families, 716 00:33:20,850 --> 00:33:23,109 Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council, 717 00:33:23,109 --> 00:33:24,889 along with the Minnesota 718 00:33:24,889 --> 00:33:27,149 Corn Research and Promotion Council. 719 00:33:27,149 --> 00:33:28,449 Thank you again for 720 00:33:28,449 --> 00:33:31,170 your time and thank you for attending.