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Welcome to the Urban Forestry Radio
Show here on Reality Radio 1 0 1.

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In this radio show and podcast, we
learn about fruit trees, permaculture,

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arboriculture, and so much more.

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So if you love trees and especially
fruit trees, or if you're interested

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in living a more sustainable life,
then this is the place for you.

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I'm your host, Susan Poizner
of the Fruit Tree Care training

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website, orchard people.com.

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Thanks for tuning in.

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And enjoy the show.

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Welcome to the Urban Forestry Radio
Show with your host Susan Poizner.

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To contact Susan Live right now, send
her an email in studio101@gbe.com,

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and now right to your host of the Urban
Forestry Radio Show, Susan Poizner.

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Hi everyone.

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When I started to grow fruit trees, I
had no clue that each and every fruit

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tree was made up of two separate trees.

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The roots come from one tree and
they determine the size of the tree

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when it's mature, and the upper
part of the tree is called the fruit

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wood and it determines the type of
fruit that you are going to grow.

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Now all you have to do is stick those
two parts together through a process

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called grafting, and if it works, those
two trees fuse together just like magic.

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What's amazing is that grafting
lets you create trees with different

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types of fruit, for instance, like
an apple tree with 10 different

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types of apples growing on it.

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Or you can make a fruit salad
tree that grows different types

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of stone fruits on the same tree.

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It's also possible to use grafting to
create trees that can survive and grow in

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places that you wouldn't expect them to.

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Like growing apple trees in
parts of Florida, who knows?

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Maybe one day we can use grafting
to create more resilient fruit trees

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that can cope with a changing climate.

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So today we are going to talk about the
potential of grafting with Javier Rivera.

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For Javier grafting is a passion.

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He's the owner of the Stone River
Fruit Tree nursery in central Florida.

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And Javier is also pursuing his
PhD in Horticultural sciences

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at the University of Florida.

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And I'll talk to him in just a minute.

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But first, I would love to hear from
you, send in your questions, your

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comments, or just an email to say
hello, and we will enter you into

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today's contest to win a terrific prize.

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This month's prize is Color Point
Bypass Pro Pruners by Duran.

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They're valued at $28 and 62 cents,
and these lovely pruners come in six

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vibrant colors, and the winner of
this month's contest will be able

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to choose the color of their choice.

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So do you wanna win those hand pruners?

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Then enter today's contest by sending an
email right now to intu 1 0 1 gmail.com.

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That's in studio101@gmail.com.

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And do remember to include your first
name and where you're writing from.

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I look forward to hearing from you soon.

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So now, Javier, welcome to the show today.

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Thank you very much,
Susan, for inviting me.

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It is wonderful to have you.

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And in the introduction I mentioned
that we can, that you're working

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to graft apple trees that will
survive and thrive in Florida.

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But tell me a little bit about
where you're located in Florida.

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What's the plant hardiness zone and what
types of fruit will easily grow there?

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Okay, so I live in the most southern
part of the city of Orlando in Orange

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County in central Florida, and we are
classified as U S D A zone nine B.

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So this area is famous for citrus.

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A lot of people that come from different
parts of the Caribbean will also

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incorporate plants like mangoes and
avocados, some tropicals that due to

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our mild winters can actually grow very
well and produce fruit year after year.

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Ah-huh.

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So here you are in an area where
citrus grows nicely and you

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are trying to grow apple trees.

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Now apple trees, are there some
cultivars that will grow in your zone?

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Oh, absolutely.

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The information that is provided by
most agricultural extensions in our area

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recommend a few cultivars such as Anna
and Dorsett Golden, maybe Ein Shimmer.

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There's a recent release by the
University of Florida with Texas NI

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a and m that is called Tropic Suite.

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That's another one that
does well in our area.

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And there are a few
others, but not very many.

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And the main reason for that is because
part of that information tells us that

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due to our mild winter climate, we don't
get a lot of what's known as chill hours.

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And they are different models that
classify what a chill hour is.

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But Simply speaking, the number of
hours before 45 degrees Fahrenheit that

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occurred during the coldest months of
the year or during the later part of

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the fall season into winter season.

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So here in Orlando, at best, for
the past few years, we've gotten an

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average of about a hundred to about
125 chill hours, which is very mild.

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So cultivars that require many
more chill hours than that are not

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even considered by most people.

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Unless you want to do something different.

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Okay.

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Sorry, I'm just gonna
go back for a second.

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You guys have, let's say 150, you
said 150 chill hours, hundred 50 cold

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days, and these apple trees need some
cold days in order to what, to produce

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fruit in order to be consistent.

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What is it about these cold chill hours
that allow you to grow apple trees?

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Will the apple trees die if
they don't get enough cold?

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What is, what are the ramifications?

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Yeah, so the main information that we
get is that if a tree does not receive

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enough chill hours during the winter
season, it may not survive as it tries to

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cope with the changes in the conditions.

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During the daytime, whereas we go into
spring, it didn't receive enough energy

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for it to go ahead and blossom or produce
leaves at a certain time of the year.

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However, one of the things that I have
discovered recently and ins inspired

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by different people, folks like Tom
Spellman of Dave Wilson nursery out

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in California, Kevin Houser of Kael
Creek Capital Nursery my spouse, who

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is a Michigander and she has known
apples, for pretty much all of her life.

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Why don't we actually try to grow
certain apple varieties besides what we

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know besides Deanna, the Dorson Golden.

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Let's go ahead and stick 'em at
the ground and see what happens.

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And doing a little bit of research about
root stocks that would be able to survive

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the conditions that we have in our area.

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We have discovered that many
varieties that come from different

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places all over the world.

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We're talking about France, we're
talking about England, we're talking

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about the Northern United States.

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They have been not only growing well,
but they have been producing fruit.

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And I'm like, wait a minute, but
r and these apples from these

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places, they get thousands of chill
hours, or they're supposed to get

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thousands of chill hours and they're
growing here just fine with 150.

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So what is really going on?

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And of course there is
a method to the madness.

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So there are cultural practices
that are applied in order to ensure

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that the trees are managing with
that small number of chill hours.

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One of the things that is done in,
not just by me but in different parts

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of the world, in the tropics places
like Uganda, Rwanda, and Central

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Africa, is that there's a time of the
year when the trees get defoliated.

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So by defoliating the trees.

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You are sending a signal to the buds.

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Don't count cold hours in order to get
prepared for when you have to go and

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wake up and produce leaves and balloons.

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So we're just gonna let you
like rest for a little bit.

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And then when the next season comes
on, when winter is going away, days

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are getting longer, temperatures
are getting warmer, those are gonna

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be the signals you're gonna pay
attention to and that's what you're

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gonna use as your guide to awaken.

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So interesting.

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So I just wanna clarify.

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You're saying like how do you
communicate to the tree to say, Hey

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tree, by the way, listen, don't count
chill hours, just hang in there.

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Listen to me.

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How can you communicate to
the fruit tree to tell it?

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I know you're used to having lots of chill
hours, but don't worry about this here.

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We don't need to offer that to you.

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So it's a process that, believe it or not,
doesn't really begin in wintertime alone.

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It starts getting ready in late summer.

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So dormancy, those folks know, oh
yeah, that's when it's wintertime

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and the trees are sleeping.

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There's actually different
stages to dormancy.

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During the summertime.

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You have the para dormancy in which
buds under a certain level of the

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tree are basically not growing out.

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So they're not producing leaves.

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They're just like staying put.

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And then when the temperatures are
getting colder, the trees enter into

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a stage that's known as endo dormancy.

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The endo dormancy is the critical part
because once the trees get into that

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stage, the bugs are gonna start counting
cold and they say, you know what?

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I'm not gonna awaken until
I get the cold that I need.

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So if we can skip that process,
if we are able to reprogram.

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Those buds into don't follow the
endo dormancy, you're gonna be okay.

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Then we can get them to produce even
if you have areas where there is not

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enough winter chill according to the
information that we got as of today.

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So we are trying to change the paradigm
on how these apples are grown simply

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by doing those cultural practices that
allow us to let the trees manage in the

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different climates, which they are grown.

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That's incredible.

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Let's just have a look here at an e.

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We've got one email here from Greg.

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Hello, Susan.

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I was waiting for this show today.

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Thanks.

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Listening to you from
San Diego, California.

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So thank you so much for rating in Greg.

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Okay, so you, this is
what you're working on.

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How are you using grafting in
order to achieve the that goal?

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Yes.

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I was very fortunate to find
a series of rootstocks that

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works well for me in my area.

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And those are the rootstocks
from the Geneva series they

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developed by Cornell and Dr.

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Jim Cummins.

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So I use the Polish three root stocks
of that series, which are Geneva 9 69,

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Geneva two 10, and Geneva eight 90.

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And of course, Geneva
eight 90 is my favorite.

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Because they are able to tolerate the
excessive rains that we get during silver.

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So when you plant a tree, you don't
want a tree that will die when

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it's not able to be plant like.

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It's not able to drain
water away properly.

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Of course, trees need to breathe.

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So if you're putting the roots
in an area that doesn't drain

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well the tree is gonna die.

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And there are root stocks
that will absolutely.

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Go and die if that's the case.

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But with the Geneva Series, they
are tolerant to water logging,

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so that's one big advantage.

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Another one is that they
are disease resistant.

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So there are many Pests and diseases
that will leave those trees alone

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simply by the rootstock that
you're grafting your trees onto.

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So you're not gonna have to worry
about Willy apple afis with the tallest

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three trees of the Geneva Series.

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You don't have to worry about phyto for
root rod, so you don't have to worry

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about a colds spell That will come out
of nowhere and oh my God, it's going

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to die because it's gonna get too cold.

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No, no worries at all.

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So it's just a fantastic series of
rootstocks and for the most part, those

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are the ones that, that I use for my
personal collection as well as for

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part of the project that we're doing
as part of my doctoral dissertation.

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And then lastly, when you are planting
a tree, whether it's from a seed or even

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grafted in a seedling, there's gonna
be a long wait time before that tree.

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Passes the ity period and is able
to be reproductive competent.

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But when you're grafting it onto those
root stocks, the average turnaround

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for fruit production is two to three
years, sometimes the very next year

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after you graft them, depending
on the variety and the conditions

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where the tree is growing it.

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So for me, that is a time saver because if
I want to evaluate something, let me know,

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graft it on a ceiling that's gonna take
possibly eight to 10 years, let me graft

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it here, and then you can get a quicker
response time and see how it manages.

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So there are many advantages to
knowing what the root stock will do

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in your area and which is the one
that's right for your situation.

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Which I think is interesting because
let's say I, live in Florida and I order

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my fruit tree from a big, Nat national
nursery and maybe I don't even know

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what rootstock they've planted it on.

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So they send me any oil.

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Maybe it's a dwarfing
tree, so a smaller tree.

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If I don't know what the rootstock is,
it really may not thrive and it may

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not produce fruit in that warm climate.

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So that's very interesting how
important it is to have control and to

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know what rootstock you're choosing.

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On the other hand, from the
experimenting that you have done, does

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it matter which cultivars you choose?

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You said that possibly in Florida you
can grow cultivars that need hundreds of

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chill hours rather than a hundred or 150.

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00:16:09,945 --> 00:16:14,325
Are there some cultivars that are
just stubborn and won't go for it

228
00:16:14,775 --> 00:16:16,635
and others that are more flexible?

229
00:16:17,415 --> 00:16:24,495
Absolutely every cultivar will have
its own flexibility, so to speak.

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00:16:24,915 --> 00:16:28,275
So there are cultivars that
will be better adapted.

231
00:16:28,275 --> 00:16:33,074
For example, we're talking about Gold
Rush, which is a release from the P R I

232
00:16:33,074 --> 00:16:39,435
program, and many people think it needs
800 to about a thousand chill hours.

233
00:16:39,435 --> 00:16:40,755
It does very well here.

234
00:16:41,295 --> 00:16:46,214
And many people tell me, what, here's the
thing, you're getting a Scion sent from

235
00:16:46,214 --> 00:16:48,974
a nursery, and that Scion is dormant.

236
00:16:49,275 --> 00:16:52,155
You're gonna graft it, it's gonna
wake up, it'll give you fruit

237
00:16:52,155 --> 00:16:53,594
that one year, and that's it.

238
00:16:53,594 --> 00:16:54,435
That was a fluke.

239
00:16:55,064 --> 00:16:57,645
And it's just okay, it's possible.

240
00:16:58,094 --> 00:17:02,594
But then what happens is the next year
comes about, and that same scion that you

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00:17:02,594 --> 00:17:06,974
grafted sprouts again and starts giving
you flowers and it can give you fruit.

242
00:17:07,514 --> 00:17:14,085
So that's not a fluke, that's just that
the cultivar was able to become adapted.

243
00:17:14,444 --> 00:17:16,004
To the conditions where it's growing.

244
00:17:16,635 --> 00:17:22,214
And it does that with the
motivation of the rootstock as well.

245
00:17:22,405 --> 00:17:31,175
There, there are physiological situations
that are coming in play and, they, we

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00:17:31,175 --> 00:17:34,725
can definitely go down a rabbit hole
and talk about those, but because we

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00:17:34,725 --> 00:17:40,605
have limited time the idea is that the
rootstock is a propeller and then the

248
00:17:40,605 --> 00:17:46,665
scion is going to have an adaptability
based on what that rootstock is doing

249
00:17:46,905 --> 00:17:51,405
and how you're doing the horticultural
practices to make sure that it thrives and

250
00:17:51,405 --> 00:17:53,715
produces in the environment that it's in.

251
00:17:54,510 --> 00:17:57,149
Fantastic explanation
and you make it so clear.

252
00:17:57,149 --> 00:17:58,470
I really appreciate that.

253
00:17:58,980 --> 00:18:00,929
We have an email here from Tom.

254
00:18:00,929 --> 00:18:04,320
Tom says, Susan, I love
the term chill hours.

255
00:18:04,740 --> 00:18:07,710
My teenage son is here and he
heard this coming from your show

256
00:18:07,710 --> 00:18:09,419
and he thought, Ooh, this is cool.

257
00:18:09,570 --> 00:18:12,990
I can chill out and not do any work wrong.

258
00:18:13,290 --> 00:18:17,159
I live in Dallas, Texas,
so yeah, chilling.

259
00:18:17,159 --> 00:18:21,780
The chill hours, yeah, I guess
the tree chills out a little bit.

260
00:18:21,780 --> 00:18:25,050
It's not doing a lot
but it's very important.

261
00:18:25,590 --> 00:18:28,260
Now you talk about the
horticultural practices.

262
00:18:28,264 --> 00:18:32,520
So again, let's say in my situation,
let's say I lived in Florida and I think,

263
00:18:32,520 --> 00:18:36,750
okay, I'm gonna graph myself a tree,
going to take those recommendations.

264
00:18:36,750 --> 00:18:38,460
I know which root stocks to choose.

265
00:18:38,465 --> 00:18:39,899
I am gonna choose the cultivar.

266
00:18:40,320 --> 00:18:45,825
What are the fancy horticultural practices
that I then need to do in order to

267
00:18:46,315 --> 00:18:52,200
encourage my tree to grow in a climate
that it wouldn't ordinarily be growing in?

268
00:18:53,600 --> 00:18:58,350
That's an excellent question and it can
be a little bit complicated to address.

269
00:18:59,010 --> 00:19:05,790
Now, folks that have been tinkering
with crops like apples for example,

270
00:19:06,150 --> 00:19:10,350
they have discovered, as I mentioned a
little bit ago, that defoliation is a

271
00:19:10,500 --> 00:19:15,720
process that will tell the tree, let's
go ahead and override these signals

272
00:19:16,290 --> 00:19:19,950
in which you require this amount of
coal to wake up and produce fruit.

273
00:19:20,280 --> 00:19:25,590
So by doing that, the tree gets
redirected or reprogrammed to produce.

274
00:19:25,590 --> 00:19:26,310
That's one way.

275
00:19:27,100 --> 00:19:31,800
Sometimes folks use water stress
in order to make the trees produce.

276
00:19:32,100 --> 00:19:36,300
For example, if there's a period of time
where the trees are not getting any water,

277
00:19:36,540 --> 00:19:41,160
that will send a signal to the tree that,
Hey, I'm running low on these resources.

278
00:19:41,160 --> 00:19:43,740
Better go ahead and produce
my fruits right now.

279
00:19:44,159 --> 00:19:50,700
That's something that happens as well
treatments with GI giin or GI acid,

280
00:19:51,030 --> 00:19:56,250
that's another way in which trees can
be triggered into fruit production.

281
00:19:56,580 --> 00:20:02,525
So they are different ways and it,
there, there isn't really like a

282
00:20:03,975 --> 00:20:06,300
manual for every single variety.

283
00:20:06,300 --> 00:20:09,570
So you have to discover
what works and what doesn't.

284
00:20:10,090 --> 00:20:14,129
Sometimes by trial and error, that's
what researchers are constantly doing.

285
00:20:14,430 --> 00:20:18,120
We're trying as scientists to
figure out, Hey, we're doing this.

286
00:20:18,450 --> 00:20:20,070
What are gonna be the consequences?

287
00:20:20,070 --> 00:20:21,120
What do we observe?

288
00:20:21,540 --> 00:20:26,639
And based on that constant application
of scientific concepts, we are

289
00:20:26,639 --> 00:20:31,090
able to determine what will be
useful for a particular location.

290
00:20:31,995 --> 00:20:35,655
I wanna clarify, just when you
talk about defoliation, that is

291
00:20:35,655 --> 00:20:39,645
the natural process of all the
nutrients coming out of the leaves.

292
00:20:39,645 --> 00:20:44,055
The leaves go brown as those green
lovely nutrients go into the root system,

293
00:20:44,385 --> 00:20:46,695
and then the leaves just fall off.

294
00:20:47,055 --> 00:20:48,705
Is that what you are talking about?

295
00:20:48,710 --> 00:20:51,495
Or are you talking about go pull
off the leaves from your trees

296
00:20:51,495 --> 00:20:53,435
and it'll give the tree a signal?

297
00:20:54,685 --> 00:20:56,595
It can be in either way.

298
00:20:56,595 --> 00:21:00,795
So sometimes the affiliation
happens by applying a chemical

299
00:21:00,795 --> 00:21:03,790
and basically the trees are shaken
off and then the leaves fall.

300
00:21:04,500 --> 00:21:06,915
Sometimes you can just go
ahead and do it manually.

301
00:21:07,275 --> 00:21:12,525
So I'll just go before a cold spell in
the latter part of the year, and I will go

302
00:21:12,525 --> 00:21:14,685
ahead and manually defoliate my own trees.

303
00:21:15,105 --> 00:21:18,825
And the reason I can do that
is because I grow my trees so I

304
00:21:18,830 --> 00:21:20,205
can reach them from the ground.

305
00:21:20,895 --> 00:21:29,355
So all of my trees are sometime probably
around Eight feet tall at most, so

306
00:21:29,355 --> 00:21:30,764
I can reach them from the ground.

307
00:21:31,574 --> 00:21:35,205
And even though Geneva eight 90 is
a rootstock that if you set it and

308
00:21:35,205 --> 00:21:39,794
forget it, it's gonna produce a tree
somewhere between 15 to 20 feet tall.

309
00:21:40,245 --> 00:21:44,294
I can always control the size
of the tree myself by pruning.

310
00:21:44,715 --> 00:21:49,455
So that's one of the things that, as
someone who promotes the philosophy

311
00:21:49,455 --> 00:21:52,935
of backyard or culture, we can
do that in order to make it more

312
00:21:52,935 --> 00:21:54,915
manageable for the home garden.

313
00:21:55,635 --> 00:21:56,294
Incredible.

314
00:21:56,324 --> 00:22:00,465
Okay, so if you are actually going
to defoliate your tree and pull off

315
00:22:00,465 --> 00:22:04,395
all those leaves, do you wanna make
sure that they are not green anymore?

316
00:22:04,395 --> 00:22:07,395
Because if you're pulling off green
leaves, you're pulling off nutrition

317
00:22:07,455 --> 00:22:12,854
that the tree actually needs to stash
away its roots over the colder season.

318
00:22:14,205 --> 00:22:19,095
What's interesting is that sometimes,
depending on the use of the nitrates that

319
00:22:19,100 --> 00:22:24,254
are still found in the ground, it can be
later in the season or later in the year,

320
00:22:24,254 --> 00:22:25,995
and the trees will not wanna change color.

321
00:22:26,415 --> 00:22:28,185
They will stay, still, stay green.

322
00:22:28,795 --> 00:22:33,585
We'll still do it that way
just to make sure that we can

323
00:22:33,585 --> 00:22:35,115
trigger the signal on the trees.

324
00:22:36,735 --> 00:22:37,245
Gotcha.

325
00:22:37,545 --> 00:22:37,755
Okay.

326
00:22:37,755 --> 00:22:39,675
We've got an email from Tina.

327
00:22:40,044 --> 00:22:42,465
Tina writes Susan Does Mr.

328
00:22:42,465 --> 00:22:44,315
Rivera have a website?

329
00:22:44,655 --> 00:22:46,915
Do you?

330
00:22:46,915 --> 00:22:51,645
We currently don't have a website,
but we do have a Facebook page.

331
00:22:52,050 --> 00:22:56,010
For the small operation that we run,
that's called Stone River Nursery.

332
00:22:56,010 --> 00:23:00,150
So you can find that on Facebook and
you can also find those on Instagram.

333
00:23:00,840 --> 00:23:04,440
So the Instagram page is a little
bit more active as of the time.

334
00:23:04,770 --> 00:23:08,970
My spouse, who is my better half, is
the one that does all the updates, and

335
00:23:08,975 --> 00:23:13,110
she takes videos of the fruits that
we are growing and make sure that we

336
00:23:13,110 --> 00:23:17,970
can have chronological progression
of what's happening in our yard.

337
00:23:18,310 --> 00:23:19,330
And it's incredible.

338
00:23:19,330 --> 00:23:23,770
Sometimes when you see the pictures like
from one year ago to where we're at right

339
00:23:23,770 --> 00:23:26,290
now, the changes are just incredible.

340
00:23:26,290 --> 00:23:32,740
And I am so happy that we are able
to put that in a perspective for

341
00:23:32,860 --> 00:23:37,120
different people because if we are able
to do it, then so can everybody else.

342
00:23:37,125 --> 00:23:41,620
So there's nothing really
hard science that we're doing.

343
00:23:41,920 --> 00:23:46,510
We're just applying some practices that
are scientifically based, but they're also

344
00:23:46,514 --> 00:23:52,300
common sense and everybody can get them
done if they know where to go and just

345
00:23:52,300 --> 00:23:53,860
to follow the guidance on how to do it.

346
00:23:55,120 --> 00:23:55,990
That's great.

347
00:23:56,050 --> 00:23:56,470
Okay.

348
00:23:56,980 --> 00:23:58,210
Thank you for the question.

349
00:23:58,210 --> 00:23:59,230
That was fantastic.

350
00:23:59,230 --> 00:24:04,765
Now, I know another passion of
yours is creating multi fru trees.

351
00:24:05,055 --> 00:24:07,605
So that's about kicking
it up a notch here.

352
00:24:07,925 --> 00:24:12,465
So here you are creating, using
grafting to create fruit trees that

353
00:24:12,465 --> 00:24:17,895
can grow outside a climate zone that
you, that we think we can grow them.

354
00:24:18,345 --> 00:24:21,555
I want to talk about fruit variety.

355
00:24:21,560 --> 00:24:22,005
Trees.

356
00:24:22,005 --> 00:24:26,655
Trees where you can grow, I don't
know, apricots and plums and

357
00:24:26,655 --> 00:24:28,095
cherries all on the same tree.

358
00:24:28,695 --> 00:24:30,795
I'd love to do that after
the commercial break.

359
00:24:30,855 --> 00:24:33,015
Can you hold on the
line just for a minute?

360
00:24:33,330 --> 00:24:34,320
Absolutely Susan.

361
00:24:34,980 --> 00:24:36,720
Okay, so that's what we're gonna do.

362
00:24:36,720 --> 00:24:40,410
We are gonna dive into multi
fruit trees in just a minute.

363
00:24:41,010 --> 00:24:45,690
But in the meantime, you are listening to
the Urban Forestry Radio Show and podcast,

364
00:24:45,690 --> 00:24:50,700
brought to you by the Fruit Tree Care
training website, orchard people.com.

365
00:24:51,120 --> 00:24:55,770
This is Reality Radio 1 0 1, and
I'm Susan Poizner, author of the

366
00:24:55,770 --> 00:25:01,260
Fruit Tree Care Books, growing Urban
Orchards and Grow Fruit Trees Fast and

367
00:25:01,260 --> 00:25:03,030
we'll be back right after the break.

368
00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:27,030
Hi, I'm Susan Poizner
from Orchard people.com.

369
00:25:27,840 --> 00:25:31,050
And I'm Steph Roth from Silver
Creek Nursery in Ontario.

370
00:25:33,959 --> 00:25:39,840
Join us for an interactive online workshop
called Fruit Tree Grafting for anyone.

371
00:25:40,740 --> 00:25:45,030
In this workshop, we'll teach you how
to add different fruit tree varieties to

372
00:25:45,030 --> 00:25:49,050
an existing treat, and we'll teach you
how to create a fruit tree from scratch.

373
00:25:49,889 --> 00:25:56,220
Visit orchard people.com/workshops for
more information and to sign up today.

374
00:25:57,510 --> 00:25:58,500
We'll see you in class.

375
00:26:06,870 --> 00:26:09,480
If you are thinking of planting
fruit trees and you're looking

376
00:26:09,480 --> 00:26:13,770
for a wide selection of cultivars,
consider wiffle tree nursery.

377
00:26:14,129 --> 00:26:18,600
Our 62 page full color catalog
includes over 300 varieties of

378
00:26:18,600 --> 00:26:23,310
fruit and nu trees, berries, grapes,
and other edible perennial plants.

379
00:26:23,730 --> 00:26:27,120
Not only that, in our catalog,
we help you through this election

380
00:26:27,125 --> 00:26:31,230
process with tips and advice about
all aspects of growing fruit trees.

381
00:26:31,560 --> 00:26:35,340
You can learn about adding nitrogen,
fixing plants, rootstock choices,

382
00:26:35,550 --> 00:26:38,730
and even about planting a wind
break if you have a windy site.

383
00:26:39,330 --> 00:26:43,290
We are a one-stop shop as we sell
fruit tree care books, pruning tools,

384
00:26:43,439 --> 00:26:46,050
organic sprays, and natural fertilizers.

385
00:26:46,500 --> 00:26:50,280
We're located in Allora, Ontario,
but we can ship all over Canada.

386
00:26:50,820 --> 00:26:55,530
Call us at (519) 669-1349
to order your catalog.

387
00:26:55,590 --> 00:27:01,879
Okay, that's (519) 669-1349
Wiffle Tree Nursery.

388
00:27:02,149 --> 00:27:03,200
Call us today

389
00:27:14,970 --> 00:27:16,500
if you are listening to this show.

390
00:27:16,710 --> 00:27:18,659
You are passionate about fruit trees.

391
00:27:19,410 --> 00:27:21,750
But do you care how your trees are grown?

392
00:27:22,320 --> 00:27:26,310
Silver Creek Nursery is a family-owned
business and we grow our fruit trees

393
00:27:26,310 --> 00:27:28,830
sustainably using only organic inputs.

394
00:27:29,310 --> 00:27:33,570
We stock a huge range of cultivars
like Wolf River, an apple tree

395
00:27:33,570 --> 00:27:35,520
that produces fruit so large.

396
00:27:35,580 --> 00:27:38,610
You can make an entire
pie with just one apple.

397
00:27:39,390 --> 00:27:43,860
We also carry red fleshed apples like
pink pearl, as well as heirloom and

398
00:27:43,860 --> 00:27:47,940
disease-resistant varieties of apples,
pears, apricots, cherries, and more.

399
00:27:48,690 --> 00:27:52,080
We ship our trees across Canada
and we can also supply you with

400
00:27:52,080 --> 00:27:55,920
berry canes and edible companion
plant to plant near your trees.

401
00:27:56,490 --> 00:28:00,780
At Silver Creek Nursery we grow fruit
trees for a sustainable food future.

402
00:28:01,170 --> 00:28:03,930
Learn more about us@silvercreeknursery.ca.

403
00:28:10,155 --> 00:28:14,925
Are you looking for a high quality
compost for your plants and fruit trees?

404
00:28:15,195 --> 00:28:19,815
Verma composting or worm
composting may be the answer.

405
00:28:20,024 --> 00:28:24,375
It turns kitchen scraps and green
waste into a rich, dark soil.

406
00:28:24,615 --> 00:28:28,514
Rich in organic matter and
in beneficial organisms.

407
00:28:28,784 --> 00:28:33,284
But making verma compost at home
can be messy and time consuming.

408
00:28:33,585 --> 00:28:35,685
That's where Verma Beck comes in.

409
00:28:35,895 --> 00:28:42,165
Verbeck produces 100,000 liters of high
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410
00:28:42,165 --> 00:28:46,155
it's perfect for those who want to skip
the hassle of making it themselves.

411
00:28:46,425 --> 00:28:51,825
Verma Beck sells to homel growers and
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412
00:28:52,034 --> 00:28:57,195
give your plants the boost they need and
try Verma Beck's Verma compost today.

413
00:28:57,615 --> 00:29:04,335
Visit verma beck.ca to learn more For
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414
00:29:15,375 --> 00:29:21,665
Welcome back to the Urban Forestry
Radio Show with your host Susan Poizner,

415
00:29:22,095 --> 00:29:25,515
right here on Reality Radio 1 0 1.

416
00:29:26,055 --> 00:29:30,255
To get on board right
now, send us an email.

417
00:29:31,005 --> 00:29:38,475
Our email address is
in studio101@gmail.com.

418
00:29:45,855 --> 00:29:53,075
And now right back to your host of the
Urban Forestry Radio Show, Susan Poizner.

419
00:29:54,465 --> 00:29:57,705
Hi, there you are listening to
the Urban Forestry Radio Show

420
00:29:57,705 --> 00:30:01,455
and podcast brought to you by the
Fruit Tree Care Training website.

421
00:30:01,844 --> 00:30:03,195
Orchard people.com.

422
00:30:03,615 --> 00:30:08,175
This is Reality Radio 1 0 1, and
I'm your host, Susan Poisoner.

423
00:30:08,865 --> 00:30:13,365
In the show, we've been talking about
the potential of fruit tree grafting,

424
00:30:13,365 --> 00:30:18,645
and in the first part of the show we
talked about grafting apple trees that

425
00:30:18,645 --> 00:30:21,135
can survive and thrive in Florida.

426
00:30:21,745 --> 00:30:27,104
But one of the most exciting types of
grafting projects that we can do is

427
00:30:27,564 --> 00:30:32,024
creating a fruit tree that can produce
multiple different kinds of fruits.

428
00:30:32,445 --> 00:30:38,774
So for instance, on one tree you might
have peaches and apricots and plums

429
00:30:38,985 --> 00:30:41,205
all growing together on a single tree.

430
00:30:41,699 --> 00:30:43,080
So how do you do that?

431
00:30:43,439 --> 00:30:48,389
We'll find out with my guest today
have your Rivera owner of Stone River

432
00:30:48,389 --> 00:30:53,639
Nursery in central Florida, who is
also pursuing his PhD in Horticultural

433
00:30:53,639 --> 00:30:56,760
Sciences at the University of Florida.

434
00:30:57,419 --> 00:31:01,020
And by the way, anyone can
learn to graph fruit trees.

435
00:31:01,260 --> 00:31:05,280
You can learn how in my new online
course Fruit Tree Grafting for

436
00:31:05,820 --> 00:31:09,389
Everyone, which you can find on
my website@orchardpeople.com.

437
00:31:10,110 --> 00:31:14,760
But before we continue chatting
today, I want to hear from you.

438
00:31:15,120 --> 00:31:19,979
If you're listening to this show live,
why not enter today's contest and you

439
00:31:19,979 --> 00:31:21,929
can win this month's amazing prize.

440
00:31:22,500 --> 00:31:27,510
It is color by Color Point
bypass Pro pruners by dram.

441
00:31:27,870 --> 00:31:34,409
They're valued at $28 and 62 cents, and
the pruners come in six vibrant colors.

442
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The winner of this month's contest will be
able to choose the color of their choice.

443
00:31:39,524 --> 00:31:42,135
So why not enter the contest right now?

444
00:31:42,165 --> 00:31:43,455
Just send us an email.

445
00:31:43,995 --> 00:31:49,365
Send the email to intu 1 0 1
gmail.com and include your question,

446
00:31:49,635 --> 00:31:52,544
a comment, or just email us to say hi.

447
00:31:52,905 --> 00:31:56,235
Be sure to include your first name
and where you're writing from.

448
00:31:57,585 --> 00:31:59,085
So now back to Javier.

449
00:31:59,685 --> 00:32:00,885
Are you still with me?

450
00:32:01,455 --> 00:32:02,294
I'm still here with you.

451
00:32:02,774 --> 00:32:03,735
That's great.

452
00:32:04,215 --> 00:32:09,375
Okay, so next let's talk about
creating malf fruit trees with various

453
00:32:09,379 --> 00:32:11,294
different types of fruit on one tree.

454
00:32:11,564 --> 00:32:12,645
Can you tell me a story?

455
00:32:12,645 --> 00:32:14,385
When did you start doing this stuff?

456
00:32:15,314 --> 00:32:15,705
Wow.

457
00:32:16,605 --> 00:32:21,945
So I guess my first experience
getting the idea of what it would be

458
00:32:21,945 --> 00:32:28,995
like was back in 2 20 14 when I got
my very first orchard established.

459
00:32:28,995 --> 00:32:33,955
And that time it was only stone fruits and
different types of stone fruit hybrids.

460
00:32:34,755 --> 00:32:41,415
As time went on, and I noticed that even
though I got flowers from these different

461
00:32:41,415 --> 00:32:45,855
trees, I noticed that many of those
flowers that were supposed to produce

462
00:32:45,855 --> 00:32:51,074
because the trees were considered self
fruitful, really didn't, and they needed

463
00:32:51,074 --> 00:32:53,695
a pollination partner in order to produce.

464
00:32:54,305 --> 00:32:58,844
Some of them, whether they're considered
self fruitful or not, will always do

465
00:32:58,844 --> 00:33:04,395
better when you have a pollinator, a
pollinating variety, a colonizer, and

466
00:33:04,754 --> 00:33:07,605
I think, wait a minute some folks have.

467
00:33:08,965 --> 00:33:11,774
Multiple varieties of
fruit in a single tree.

468
00:33:12,254 --> 00:33:18,095
And they have the multi grafted ones or
the fruit cocktails or the fruit salads.

469
00:33:18,675 --> 00:33:23,625
There's different names for
them, so why can't we do this?

470
00:33:23,629 --> 00:33:28,245
And of course, one impediment is
whether the variety that you want to

471
00:33:28,455 --> 00:33:30,855
put on the tree is patented or not.

472
00:33:31,245 --> 00:33:33,284
So we wanna respect the industry.

473
00:33:33,284 --> 00:33:37,274
We wanna make sure that we are not
propagating varieties that are patented

474
00:33:37,605 --> 00:33:40,095
cuz otherwise that would be infringement.

475
00:33:40,125 --> 00:33:44,264
And we wanna make sure that the
folks that spend the time developing

476
00:33:44,264 --> 00:33:48,554
those varieties have the respect,
have the income for the royalties

477
00:33:48,554 --> 00:33:50,325
that they get from those patents.

478
00:33:50,625 --> 00:33:53,925
So I don't do that, but any
material that the patent has

479
00:33:53,925 --> 00:33:59,024
already expired or that is a variety
that has been for many years ago.

480
00:33:59,024 --> 00:34:01,479
Heirlooms, all of those are fair game.

481
00:34:02,510 --> 00:34:07,995
When I moved from my first
property where I established

482
00:34:07,995 --> 00:34:09,134
the orchard, I had to sell it.

483
00:34:09,554 --> 00:34:11,384
And then I bought my next property.

484
00:34:11,804 --> 00:34:16,094
We started from scratch and I was
gonna start with stone fruits again.

485
00:34:16,094 --> 00:34:20,685
But then my wife said, you know what
is one thing that we may want to do

486
00:34:20,715 --> 00:34:22,304
that a lot of people aren't doing?

487
00:34:22,935 --> 00:34:27,134
And we have tinkered with apples
before we've and that was something

488
00:34:27,134 --> 00:34:30,435
that we started doing months
before we left the other property.

489
00:34:30,764 --> 00:34:33,794
So my wife suggested, why
not do it with apples?

490
00:34:34,364 --> 00:34:39,105
And for the most part, because that
would be something more exclusive.

491
00:34:39,105 --> 00:34:42,634
Not a lot of people are doing
it and being smarter than me.

492
00:34:42,915 --> 00:34:44,175
I was just like, okay, fine.

493
00:34:44,534 --> 00:34:45,764
I will just go ahead and do it.

494
00:34:46,485 --> 00:34:52,605
And that's how we started our own
Apple orchard slash investigation

495
00:34:52,605 --> 00:34:56,775
slash research into everything
that we have developed into today.

496
00:34:58,805 --> 00:35:03,375
So when I grafted multiple.

497
00:35:03,975 --> 00:35:05,535
Varieties into one tree.

498
00:35:06,105 --> 00:35:10,465
I wanted to make sure that I had
pollinating varieties or varieties that

499
00:35:10,465 --> 00:35:14,265
when they wake up around the same time.

500
00:35:14,265 --> 00:35:18,735
So when the bees visit the trees,
they can go from one flower type

501
00:35:18,735 --> 00:35:22,345
to another flower type, and then
the pollen can be exchanged.

502
00:35:23,705 --> 00:35:26,355
That in principle sounds
very straightforward.

503
00:35:26,565 --> 00:35:30,795
For some reason, my experience has
been that the bees don't like to visit

504
00:35:30,795 --> 00:35:34,575
those flowers, so I become the bee.

505
00:35:34,995 --> 00:35:39,165
So I will take a small stemc cell
brush and then when I know that they

506
00:35:39,165 --> 00:35:43,755
are flowers from different trees that
are coming on, I will go ahead and

507
00:35:44,115 --> 00:35:48,195
move the pollen around and it works.

508
00:35:48,195 --> 00:35:49,945
So it is it ideal?

509
00:35:50,055 --> 00:35:54,825
No, but it's a way that we can have a
little bit of backup just in case that

510
00:35:54,825 --> 00:35:59,355
you don't have the pollen exchange that
you would require for having fruit.

511
00:36:00,120 --> 00:36:03,520
So let's, so we're starting off
with apples and you're creating,

512
00:36:03,540 --> 00:36:07,259
you're putting on these different
cultivars of apples on one tree.

513
00:36:07,740 --> 00:36:09,990
You're thinking, the
bees aren't cooperating.

514
00:36:09,990 --> 00:36:14,310
So you go around with a paintbrush,
you dust the little open flowers

515
00:36:14,339 --> 00:36:17,700
and you're moving the sort of the
pollen from one flower to the next.

516
00:36:17,705 --> 00:36:18,450
Absolutely.

517
00:36:18,480 --> 00:36:21,810
So that's when you are doing
multi grafted apple trees.

518
00:36:21,970 --> 00:36:26,609
What about stone fruit trees where
you have many different types of

519
00:36:26,609 --> 00:36:30,180
stone fruits that wouldn't even
cross pollinate with each other?

520
00:36:30,185 --> 00:36:35,580
Like you can't, you can have one tree
with plums and apricots on it, but those

521
00:36:35,730 --> 00:36:39,109
plums and apricots won't cross pollinate.

522
00:36:39,479 --> 00:36:44,220
It's interesting that you say that
because zer Genetics, which is a

523
00:36:44,225 --> 00:36:49,650
company out in California I think
that they are located in Modesto.

524
00:36:50,220 --> 00:36:55,560
They have created different hybrids of
stone fruits by crossing the pollen,

525
00:36:55,560 --> 00:36:58,620
say from an apricot into a plum.

526
00:36:59,055 --> 00:37:02,445
And then they can get either
an apron, they can get a plum

527
00:37:02,445 --> 00:37:03,995
Cot, they can get a flu o.

528
00:37:04,635 --> 00:37:09,855
And depends on the percentages
of the fruit resembling

529
00:37:09,885 --> 00:37:11,415
either one of the parents.

530
00:37:11,685 --> 00:37:14,565
So if it's more apricot
than plum, it's an apron.

531
00:37:14,985 --> 00:37:17,235
If it's about the same,
it will be a plum cot.

532
00:37:17,475 --> 00:37:20,725
If it's more of the
plum, it will be alu, ot.

533
00:37:20,725 --> 00:37:25,155
It doesn't always happen, but that's
what they're dedicated into doing.

534
00:37:25,155 --> 00:37:29,085
They're trying to find the best
attributes from different types of fruits.

535
00:37:29,385 --> 00:37:35,085
And then those pollen crosses create
natural hybrids that will enhance

536
00:37:35,085 --> 00:37:39,615
the fruit content of the crops.

537
00:37:39,855 --> 00:37:42,765
And then they will have different
types of flavor profiles.

538
00:37:43,095 --> 00:37:44,745
And I have tasted some of them.

539
00:37:44,745 --> 00:37:46,155
They are amazing.

540
00:37:46,575 --> 00:37:48,045
So it's really great.

541
00:37:48,045 --> 00:37:48,675
That sounds great.

542
00:37:48,675 --> 00:37:52,995
And so if you have like this, one
of these crosses in your orchard,

543
00:37:53,520 --> 00:37:59,370
It will the pollen from like the,
a apron or whatever the, a plum.

544
00:37:59,370 --> 00:38:04,650
Apricot plum can possibly crosspollinate
with your apricot cultivars.

545
00:38:04,650 --> 00:38:04,740
Yes.

546
00:38:04,740 --> 00:38:06,270
Or with your plum cultivars.

547
00:38:06,360 --> 00:38:06,720
Oh, boy.

548
00:38:06,725 --> 00:38:06,840
Yes.

549
00:38:07,020 --> 00:38:07,694
That's amazing.

550
00:38:07,694 --> 00:38:07,805
Yep.

551
00:38:08,265 --> 00:38:08,495
Okay.

552
00:38:08,495 --> 00:38:11,430
We have an interesting
question here from Spencer.

553
00:38:11,430 --> 00:38:17,610
I'm listening from Kaysville, ut
Utah, I would like to know what

554
00:38:17,610 --> 00:38:23,760
recommended combos are for multi
grafted horizontal cordon trees.

555
00:38:24,390 --> 00:38:28,860
I would like to graft one row of
apple cultivar and then another row

556
00:38:28,920 --> 00:38:33,750
of a complimentary apple cultivar
that will grow at the same rate.

557
00:38:34,259 --> 00:38:39,630
As my first row, my horizontal cordon
trees will have three or four horizontal

558
00:38:39,630 --> 00:38:45,450
rows, and I'm interested in having one
cultivar on the odd number horizontal

559
00:38:45,455 --> 00:38:50,880
rows and a different cultivar on the
even numbered horizontal roads, any

560
00:38:50,884 --> 00:38:56,490
perfect combos, so that even an odd
rose looks similar in growth rate.

561
00:38:56,670 --> 00:38:57,720
Thanks, Spencer.

562
00:38:58,080 --> 00:38:58,710
Wow.

563
00:38:58,950 --> 00:39:04,180
So basically Spencer is doing
some beautiful, interesting bolier

564
00:39:04,185 --> 00:39:08,910
growing his fruit trees up a flat
two dimensionally against a fence.

565
00:39:09,150 --> 00:39:13,710
He wants to intermesh these two varieties,
but he wants them to blossom at the

566
00:39:14,060 --> 00:39:16,290
same time and grow at the same rate.

567
00:39:16,380 --> 00:39:17,550
Any suggestions?

568
00:39:17,820 --> 00:39:25,050
Okay L aside from the somewhat
complicated schematics one thing

569
00:39:25,070 --> 00:39:31,460
that I could recommend is to make
sure that you become informed of the

570
00:39:31,460 --> 00:39:33,740
varieties that grow in your area.

571
00:39:33,800 --> 00:39:39,770
Because since you live in Utah and you
will get the cold, there's more likely

572
00:39:39,770 --> 00:39:45,890
records by the county extensions promoted
by the universities that provide the

573
00:39:45,890 --> 00:39:50,960
information to the rest of the state on
what cultivars grow at the same time.

574
00:39:50,960 --> 00:39:54,200
So if you have like different
ones, that's how you want to do.

575
00:39:54,890 --> 00:39:59,930
In order to ensure that they have the
same growth, they have to be planted in

576
00:39:59,930 --> 00:40:04,820
an area where they're gonna receive equal
amounts of sunlight, that the ground is

577
00:40:04,820 --> 00:40:09,560
gonna have the same type of composition,
and that the root stock that you're

578
00:40:09,565 --> 00:40:12,020
using to propagate them is the same.

579
00:40:12,440 --> 00:40:16,980
So the more equal you can create
the conditions for those cultivars.

580
00:40:17,750 --> 00:40:22,260
The uniformity that you can provide,
then it's gonna work better for

581
00:40:22,260 --> 00:40:25,740
the plants that you have laid out
in your question, saying, that's

582
00:40:25,990 --> 00:40:27,300
a great answer, saying that.

583
00:40:27,300 --> 00:40:32,310
However, I know that in our orchard we
have, for instance, liberty apple, oh my

584
00:40:32,315 --> 00:40:38,620
gosh, that thing is so vigorous and grows
so quickly compared to, a rusted apple

585
00:40:38,640 --> 00:40:42,720
tree that we have that is just, you could
sit there and watch it for a hundred years

586
00:40:42,720 --> 00:40:44,310
and you'd see maybe an inch of growth.

587
00:40:44,880 --> 00:40:46,410
So I guess you're right.

588
00:40:46,410 --> 00:40:50,190
It's really about the research, but
I love how you say the most important

589
00:40:50,190 --> 00:40:54,690
thing is to find out what thrives in
your community that is so important.

590
00:40:55,080 --> 00:40:56,940
Got a couple of other
quick questions here.

591
00:40:56,940 --> 00:41:00,000
One is from John from Toronto.

592
00:41:00,240 --> 00:41:01,440
John says, hi Susan.

593
00:41:01,440 --> 00:41:06,150
It's John just joined in listening
regarding triggering blooming.

594
00:41:06,270 --> 00:41:10,350
Has our host ever triggered
blooming by scoring the trunk?

595
00:41:10,680 --> 00:41:11,940
Of course, I have to ask.

596
00:41:13,230 --> 00:41:18,390
I have not done it that way, so I'd
probably be afraid of doing that.

597
00:41:18,390 --> 00:41:22,170
But that is something
that is applied in order.

598
00:41:22,230 --> 00:41:25,920
It's one of the practices that
sometimes gets applied in order to

599
00:41:25,920 --> 00:41:27,840
encourage production from fruit trees.

600
00:41:28,140 --> 00:41:30,600
I haven't per, I haven't
personally done it.

601
00:41:31,070 --> 00:41:37,000
The management that I provide is
simply defoliation at the specific

602
00:41:37,005 --> 00:41:42,779
time of the year, and also providing
nutrition that's going to encourage

603
00:41:43,380 --> 00:41:45,630
fruit production and root stability.

604
00:41:45,960 --> 00:41:50,430
So when I use a fertilizer at ufs, a
fertilizer that's slightly lower in

605
00:41:50,430 --> 00:41:54,509
nitrogen compared to phosphorus and
potassium, because the phosphorus

606
00:41:54,509 --> 00:41:59,250
and potassium will trigger or help
with the production of flowers

607
00:41:59,430 --> 00:42:01,080
rather than vegetative growth.

608
00:42:01,440 --> 00:42:05,190
So if I get more vegetative growth,
I'm not getting as many flowers.

609
00:42:05,195 --> 00:42:06,240
There's a competition.

610
00:42:06,660 --> 00:42:08,910
Be between the resources of the tree.

611
00:42:09,240 --> 00:42:12,360
What are we gonna use for
Vegeta vegetative growth?

612
00:42:12,390 --> 00:42:14,430
What are we gonna use
for fruit production?

613
00:42:14,790 --> 00:42:17,100
What are we gonna use as
research for the next year?

614
00:42:17,460 --> 00:42:22,980
So this pie of sorts, it's getting split
into different parts, but I wanted more

615
00:42:22,985 --> 00:42:25,510
dedicated to one particular mission.

616
00:42:26,040 --> 00:42:29,970
And if it's gonna be for flowering and
fruit production, then I'm gonna feed

617
00:42:30,450 --> 00:42:33,060
according to what I want the tree to do.

618
00:42:33,090 --> 00:42:36,000
If I want the tree to grow
big, go with nitrogen.

619
00:42:36,450 --> 00:42:39,990
If you want the tree to stay small, but
be a little bit more productive, switch

620
00:42:39,990 --> 00:42:43,710
gears on the nitrogen and go a little
bit more on phosphorus and potassium.

621
00:42:44,685 --> 00:42:48,254
That's again, a great answer because
I know John has been struggling with

622
00:42:48,254 --> 00:42:49,995
his tree that just doesn't flower.

623
00:42:49,995 --> 00:42:53,595
It's a tree, it's an heirloom,
and he's just so frustrated.

624
00:42:53,595 --> 00:42:55,995
So maybe he's using too
much nitrogen, who knows?

625
00:42:56,415 --> 00:42:56,654
It's awesome.

626
00:42:56,654 --> 00:42:59,475
So John, yeah, I'm sure you'll get
back to us about that at some point.

627
00:43:00,075 --> 00:43:02,475
We've got an email from
Dawn from Michigan.

628
00:43:02,504 --> 00:43:03,495
Hi Susan.

629
00:43:03,495 --> 00:43:07,154
Great subject today, backyard
Orchard culture and multi

630
00:43:07,154 --> 00:43:09,165
graph trees are my favorites.

631
00:43:09,585 --> 00:43:10,694
Thank you, Dawn.

632
00:43:11,565 --> 00:43:12,105
Okay.

633
00:43:12,134 --> 00:43:13,875
Oh, and we have another email here.

634
00:43:14,595 --> 00:43:18,884
Oh, also from John, we're hearing
back again from John in Toronto.

635
00:43:19,365 --> 00:43:26,335
I, Susan, as your guest ever successfully
hand pollinated an apple Triplo.

636
00:43:27,194 --> 00:43:28,185
Any advice?

637
00:43:29,145 --> 00:43:34,365
Yeah, so it, it's a great question
and yes, because I have a few

638
00:43:34,615 --> 00:43:38,025
trips in my collection of apples.

639
00:43:38,425 --> 00:43:46,185
Probably the most The most productive
one of them is Bramley Seedling, which

640
00:43:46,185 --> 00:43:47,955
is an apple variety from England.

641
00:43:47,984 --> 00:43:52,545
If you ask any English person,
which is the pie apple that you

642
00:43:52,545 --> 00:43:57,524
want to use, is gonna be bramleys a
beautiful tree, and it is a triploid.

643
00:43:57,524 --> 00:44:00,555
So what happens is that
it's pollen sterile.

644
00:44:00,884 --> 00:44:05,234
So the pollen due to the number of
chromosomes that it has, is not able

645
00:44:05,234 --> 00:44:09,285
to pollinate itself and it's not
able to pollinate other varieties.

646
00:44:09,674 --> 00:44:15,015
So you'll need pollen from a deployed
variety, and that's probably where the

647
00:44:15,015 --> 00:44:17,625
majority of the apple trees are at.

648
00:44:18,045 --> 00:44:26,835
So you'll take the pollen safe from a
Coxs orange Pippen, or see granny Smith.

649
00:44:27,315 --> 00:44:32,415
You can take it from Gold Rush, any
variety that is deployed, and then you

650
00:44:32,415 --> 00:44:34,665
can pollinate the flowers of the Brandley.

651
00:44:35,115 --> 00:44:38,535
It will produce fruit and
currently we were successful.

652
00:44:38,654 --> 00:44:43,065
It's just starting to wake up from
a few weeks ago and we have a few

653
00:44:43,615 --> 00:44:46,335
fruit clusters already in development.

654
00:44:46,815 --> 00:44:47,705
Oh, fantastic.

655
00:44:48,375 --> 00:44:52,545
So back to, we were talking about multi
graft trees and we were talking about

656
00:44:52,545 --> 00:44:56,085
stone fruit trees, and I know that
you do multi graph stone fruit trees.

657
00:44:57,105 --> 00:45:03,345
What types, what type of root stock works,
works best for that purpose in order to

658
00:45:03,350 --> 00:45:05,384
accommodate different types of fruit?

659
00:45:06,075 --> 00:45:12,825
Okay, so in the industry, the one that
happens to be used the most is nemaguard.

660
00:45:13,395 --> 00:45:18,975
So nemaguard is a peach seedling
because peach has great compatibility

661
00:45:18,975 --> 00:45:20,714
with the majority of the stone fruits.

662
00:45:20,720 --> 00:45:25,214
It's compatible with itself, is compatible
with nectarine, plums and apricots.

663
00:45:25,665 --> 00:45:30,884
So it, it's very commonly used
for multiple grafted trees.

664
00:45:31,575 --> 00:45:33,585
With my situation, it's.

665
00:45:33,915 --> 00:45:39,015
Problematic because both properties that
I acquire here in the state of Florida,

666
00:45:39,465 --> 00:45:45,765
they don't have the sandy soil that is
so famous in most of the households.

667
00:45:45,945 --> 00:45:50,625
I have soil that is compacted that
when it rains in the summertime,

668
00:45:50,805 --> 00:45:53,090
it's always soupy, it's always wet.

669
00:45:54,620 --> 00:45:57,045
Petros do not like wet feet.

670
00:45:57,075 --> 00:46:01,845
They will not tolerate
the excessive rainwater.

671
00:46:02,475 --> 00:46:06,884
So if I do have something on nemaguard,
which absolutely I must have, I

672
00:46:06,884 --> 00:46:08,175
will plant it in a raised bed.

673
00:46:08,655 --> 00:46:15,555
But to go to the question, what do I
use because I have soil that is wet, the

674
00:46:15,560 --> 00:46:21,765
plum rootstocks are more adaptable to
be planted in areas where the soil stays

675
00:46:22,044 --> 00:46:24,435
moist for a prolonged period of time.

676
00:46:25,065 --> 00:46:29,985
Things like my Roblan 29 C Mariana 26 24.

677
00:46:31,185 --> 00:46:35,115
But then they don't have the
compatibility with say, like a peach

678
00:46:35,115 --> 00:46:37,455
or an nectarine that you would like.

679
00:46:37,905 --> 00:46:39,725
So there is one solution.

680
00:46:41,115 --> 00:46:44,325
There is a root stop that
is known as citation.

681
00:46:44,715 --> 00:46:48,180
It was developed in California
probably more than 20, 30 years ago.

682
00:46:49,080 --> 00:46:50,835
The patent on it expired already.

683
00:46:51,255 --> 00:46:57,585
And for plums and apricots, it's
good on its own, but for peaches

684
00:46:57,585 --> 00:47:04,545
and nectarines, if it rains, it is
susceptible to transmitting viruses

685
00:47:04,545 --> 00:47:06,465
and then the tr the case quickly.

686
00:47:07,035 --> 00:47:09,075
Otherwise, it's a fantastic rootstock.

687
00:47:09,075 --> 00:47:14,355
So if you live in an area where it's
not gonna be constantly moist by rain,

688
00:47:14,360 --> 00:47:18,285
so the irrigation can be there, it
likes the irrigation, but it doesn't

689
00:47:18,285 --> 00:47:21,195
like the water when it remains in
the soil for a long period of time.

690
00:47:21,855 --> 00:47:28,785
So maybe we can take a cutting of
that citation, connect it with.

691
00:47:29,370 --> 00:47:33,420
The plum rootstock, and it can
be connected because citation

692
00:47:33,420 --> 00:47:35,190
is a plum peach hybrid.

693
00:47:35,759 --> 00:47:39,089
So there is plum in the
genetics of the citation.

694
00:47:39,779 --> 00:47:46,080
And then once that connection occurs,
you can graft a peach or nectarine

695
00:47:46,379 --> 00:47:51,350
on top of the citation bridge, and
that's what's known as an inter stem.

696
00:47:51,660 --> 00:47:56,009
And then you are able to create a
tree that has the plum root stock

697
00:47:56,009 --> 00:48:01,049
that is resistant to the soil, and it
has the adaptability to connect with

698
00:48:01,055 --> 00:48:04,140
the citation as part of that bridge.

699
00:48:04,350 --> 00:48:05,520
So the citation.

700
00:48:05,940 --> 00:48:11,009
Will impart properties that are positive
without having to mess with the roots.

701
00:48:11,250 --> 00:48:13,740
So it will make it to have bigger fruit.

702
00:48:13,920 --> 00:48:17,400
It will increase the sugar content
and it will be compatible with

703
00:48:17,404 --> 00:48:18,610
the peach and the nectarine.

704
00:48:19,040 --> 00:48:21,010
So that is magical.

705
00:48:21,120 --> 00:48:21,480
Okay.

706
00:48:21,484 --> 00:48:22,319
That's incredible.

707
00:48:22,319 --> 00:48:25,080
So essentially with this
interest stem, we are having

708
00:48:25,080 --> 00:48:27,029
more than one graft on the tree.

709
00:48:27,480 --> 00:48:28,950
It gives you the flexibility.

710
00:48:29,279 --> 00:48:35,250
My question is, let's say I want
to create a tree using that system

711
00:48:35,279 --> 00:48:38,640
with an interstem that has five
different types of fruit on it.

712
00:48:39,299 --> 00:48:43,230
Do I, do you know, this spring
or whatever, do I do all

713
00:48:43,230 --> 00:48:44,970
seven grafts at the same time?

714
00:48:44,970 --> 00:48:47,040
I'm like, okay, I'm gonna
assemble a fruit tree.

715
00:48:47,040 --> 00:48:50,640
I've got my root stock, and then I'm gonna
graft on the inter interstem and then

716
00:48:50,640 --> 00:48:54,270
I think I'll graft on something else,
the my rebellion, and then I'm gonna

717
00:48:54,270 --> 00:48:56,069
graft on five different types of fruit.

718
00:48:56,100 --> 00:48:59,490
Can you assemble a tree
all in one shot like that?

719
00:48:59,910 --> 00:49:04,529
Or is this a multi-year project
that you let each graft take?

720
00:49:05,129 --> 00:49:08,970
See what happens, let it grow and
then continue grafting onto it.

721
00:49:10,290 --> 00:49:17,100
I think that if you're trying to use
the inner stem to do multiple graphs

722
00:49:17,339 --> 00:49:22,140
at the same time, it'll take you two
years because the first year you're

723
00:49:22,140 --> 00:49:27,330
going to graft the inter stem as if
it was just a regular scion, and then

724
00:49:27,330 --> 00:49:30,390
you're gonna let that inter interst
stem grow and develop branches.

725
00:49:31,350 --> 00:49:35,790
So those branches are gonna develop
for a full year, and then when the

726
00:49:35,790 --> 00:49:40,259
next winter comes, then you're going
to select the branches that you want

727
00:49:40,259 --> 00:49:45,810
to keep, and then you can graph science
onto those branches in order to create

728
00:49:45,810 --> 00:49:48,390
the multicrafted tree that you desired.

729
00:49:48,750 --> 00:49:50,910
And they are great
advantages in doing that.

730
00:49:51,480 --> 00:49:56,109
For example, for folks that are
short on space, having multiple

731
00:49:56,115 --> 00:50:00,419
varieties in one single tree, it's
going to solve problems of spacing.

732
00:50:01,200 --> 00:50:02,609
It's also gonna give you.

733
00:50:03,685 --> 00:50:07,635
An extended harvest or what's known
as successive ripening because you're

734
00:50:07,635 --> 00:50:11,085
gonna have things that are gonna be
ready at different times of the year.

735
00:50:11,325 --> 00:50:15,495
So instead of getting fruit two to three
weeks at a time, and then that's it.

736
00:50:15,915 --> 00:50:20,205
You can have a tree that can give
you fruit possibly for months.

737
00:50:20,535 --> 00:50:21,150
So it's great.

738
00:50:21,150 --> 00:50:26,565
You're gonna have different varieties
or different types of fruits.

739
00:50:26,565 --> 00:50:29,685
So you can have apricot, you can
have nectarine, you can have peach,

740
00:50:29,925 --> 00:50:35,140
you can have plum, you can have pout
all in one tree, which is fantastic.

741
00:50:35,140 --> 00:50:38,405
So it's conversation maker of sorts.

742
00:50:38,405 --> 00:50:44,325
So there are many advantages, but
there's also things to watch out

743
00:50:44,325 --> 00:50:48,705
for when you have multiple grafted
trees, just like with everything.

744
00:50:48,705 --> 00:50:53,205
And when you mention the situation
with the liberty, which grows like

745
00:50:53,205 --> 00:50:58,205
a weed, and then you have the other
apple that grows very little when you

746
00:50:58,285 --> 00:51:00,465
have multiple grafts in the same tree.

747
00:51:00,900 --> 00:51:05,730
One or a few varieties will want
to take over the tree and then

748
00:51:05,970 --> 00:51:07,470
they will shade out the rest.

749
00:51:07,980 --> 00:51:12,420
So when they are growing more vigorously
than the others, is your job to prune

750
00:51:12,420 --> 00:51:16,529
them accordingly, to keep them in
check with the rest of the varieties.

751
00:51:16,740 --> 00:51:20,490
So there isn't really like a
domination or an overtake of one

752
00:51:20,490 --> 00:51:22,410
variety compared to the rest.

753
00:51:24,180 --> 00:51:29,700
However, in reality, there are times
when you buy a multiple grafted

754
00:51:29,700 --> 00:51:34,650
tree, say from a nursery or from
a maor place, that when it arrives

755
00:51:34,860 --> 00:51:37,590
it will have a few thick branches.

756
00:51:37,590 --> 00:51:41,100
And then a couple of them
will be like CUNY or thin.

757
00:51:41,520 --> 00:51:46,230
And if that is the case, when you're
planting your tree in the ground, you want

758
00:51:46,230 --> 00:51:52,380
to orient the tree with the section that
has the smaller or the punier branches

759
00:51:53,220 --> 00:51:55,590
facing the south or the southwest.

760
00:51:56,070 --> 00:51:58,920
And the reason you do that is
because you want them to catch up.

761
00:51:59,325 --> 00:52:04,395
And facing in that orientation will
allow them to receive the maximum

762
00:52:04,395 --> 00:52:09,555
solar exposure, so they will get
those nutrients, and then eventually

763
00:52:09,795 --> 00:52:12,734
they will catch up to the other
varieties that are more vigorous.

764
00:52:13,095 --> 00:52:16,845
So those are important things
to watch out for when dealing

765
00:52:16,845 --> 00:52:18,225
with multiple grafted trees.

766
00:52:18,765 --> 00:52:22,275
Something that I'd love to add because
I have a little bit of a pet peeve

767
00:52:22,275 --> 00:52:24,575
for purchased multi graft trees.

768
00:52:24,975 --> 00:52:29,595
What I find is that they're really not
designed for people to graft the nut

769
00:52:29,595 --> 00:52:31,665
graft to prune these trees correctly.

770
00:52:32,145 --> 00:52:37,275
So if you know how, if you know have
some skills in fruit tree grafting, you

771
00:52:37,280 --> 00:52:41,445
will be able to choose a better tree
or better yet, graft your own tree.

772
00:52:42,045 --> 00:52:44,895
Fruit tree grafting is incredibly
important to keep your tree

773
00:52:44,895 --> 00:52:46,125
healthy and productive.

774
00:52:46,130 --> 00:52:49,395
But if you don't know how to do it, you
may get a tree and you're like, oh my

775
00:52:49,395 --> 00:52:54,465
gosh, how do I prune this now so people
can learn Grafting it orchard people.com.

776
00:52:54,470 --> 00:52:56,385
I've got courses on it
and articles and stuff.

777
00:52:56,865 --> 00:53:00,165
We have a few quick emails will go through
cuz believe it or not, we're coming up

778
00:53:00,165 --> 00:53:01,695
to the end of the show, so let's see.

779
00:53:01,695 --> 00:53:02,305
I know it's crazy.

780
00:53:03,135 --> 00:53:03,505
I know.

781
00:53:03,505 --> 00:53:03,905
It's crazy.

782
00:53:04,785 --> 00:53:05,925
It happens just like that.

783
00:53:05,925 --> 00:53:06,855
You're so interesting.

784
00:53:06,855 --> 00:53:07,325
That's why.

785
00:53:07,795 --> 00:53:08,675
Okay.

786
00:53:09,695 --> 00:53:12,075
Okay, so Hi Susan and Javier.

787
00:53:12,720 --> 00:53:14,759
I am so impressed by this concept.

788
00:53:14,819 --> 00:53:17,850
I'm sorry if I missed this at
the beginning, but how did Javier

789
00:53:17,850 --> 00:53:19,560
get into this research and work?

790
00:53:19,560 --> 00:53:24,930
And this is thanks from Olivia and your
friends from Fort Ha Spirits in Brooklyn.

791
00:53:25,410 --> 00:53:25,740
Okay.

792
00:53:25,745 --> 00:53:28,140
So quick, how did you get into this?

793
00:53:29,830 --> 00:53:33,930
Just watching videos and just
seeing, wow, I, I wanna have

794
00:53:33,990 --> 00:53:36,210
what they are doing right there.

795
00:53:36,210 --> 00:53:42,210
So I'll just learn and just watch a few
things, get, some material where you

796
00:53:42,210 --> 00:53:45,315
can practice and practice makes perfect.

797
00:53:46,335 --> 00:53:48,180
Protect yourself at all times.

798
00:53:48,210 --> 00:53:53,370
Grafting knives are sharp, so having
an instrument like, like a cutout

799
00:53:53,370 --> 00:53:58,320
board where if you're doing insertions
or where you're doing the cut on a

800
00:53:58,320 --> 00:54:02,280
rootstock so that your hae is protected
in case that your knife slips.

801
00:54:02,520 --> 00:54:03,750
That's really important.

802
00:54:04,080 --> 00:54:06,490
Make sure that you're getting
the right instruments.

803
00:54:06,960 --> 00:54:10,080
Sometimes you can get by with
what you have at your house, but

804
00:54:10,080 --> 00:54:15,259
there's a reason why materials are
specialized because they are designed

805
00:54:15,270 --> 00:54:18,660
to let people take advantage of.

806
00:54:19,270 --> 00:54:23,460
What they're trying to do with
grafting and the quality is great.

807
00:54:23,460 --> 00:54:25,290
They're gonna last for a very long time.

808
00:54:26,500 --> 00:54:30,210
So just gonna watch
some videos on YouTube.

809
00:54:30,210 --> 00:54:36,569
Do a little bit of research from local
universities and also from farmers around

810
00:54:36,569 --> 00:54:40,099
the area that might do that type of work.

811
00:54:40,579 --> 00:54:45,009
And the more that you can learn
and gather, you are gonna become

812
00:54:46,539 --> 00:54:50,460
like a more informed consumer
and, enjoy more of what you do.

813
00:54:51,045 --> 00:54:55,455
I really think having, being new to
grafting and I'm so passionate and excited

814
00:54:55,455 --> 00:54:58,545
about it, I think everybody who grows
fruit trees should know how to do it.

815
00:54:58,635 --> 00:55:02,805
Seriously, if you have a fruit tree
in the back in your backyard already,

816
00:55:02,955 --> 00:55:06,495
there is no reason why you shouldn't
have grafted branches on it with

817
00:55:06,500 --> 00:55:08,565
different types of compatible fruit.

818
00:55:09,225 --> 00:55:13,365
Okay, we've got an email here from
John, our buddy John, again in Toronto.

819
00:55:13,365 --> 00:55:16,755
Thanks for the advice on favoring
phosphorus and potassium over

820
00:55:16,755 --> 00:55:18,915
nitrogen to encourage fruiting.

821
00:55:18,915 --> 00:55:19,965
Very helpful.

822
00:55:19,965 --> 00:55:21,105
That's from John.

823
00:55:21,525 --> 00:55:24,645
Now, let's see, we've
got an email from Oscar.

824
00:55:25,185 --> 00:55:25,845
Hey, Susan.

825
00:55:25,850 --> 00:55:27,255
Oscar from New York here.

826
00:55:27,255 --> 00:55:28,605
Just writing to say hi.

827
00:55:28,605 --> 00:55:30,255
Very interesting show today.

828
00:55:30,255 --> 00:55:31,755
Thank you, Oscar.

829
00:55:32,325 --> 00:55:33,765
And who do we have here?

830
00:55:33,765 --> 00:55:36,045
Elaine writes, aha.

831
00:55:36,225 --> 00:55:41,085
Elaine writes, why don't you just use
super dwarf, high density planting?

832
00:55:41,730 --> 00:55:44,990
In the case of multiple
Apple, apple varieties.

833
00:55:45,180 --> 00:55:46,589
Good question from Elaine.

834
00:55:46,649 --> 00:55:49,140
So why, rather than grafting,
why don't you just get a lot of

835
00:55:49,140 --> 00:55:50,850
little super dwarf trees instead?

836
00:55:51,660 --> 00:55:52,020
Okay.

837
00:55:52,620 --> 00:55:58,470
I think that one thing that people
commonly misunderstand about rootstocks

838
00:55:59,009 --> 00:56:03,390
is the actual size of them will they
be like dwarf, semi dwarf or standard.

839
00:56:03,990 --> 00:56:08,040
And one of the things that I learned
from the great Tom Spelman of Dave Wilson

840
00:56:08,040 --> 00:56:13,770
nursery, and it's absolutely true, both
in practice and in theory, is that you

841
00:56:13,774 --> 00:56:18,480
don't wanna choose a rootstock because
it's dwarf, semi dwarf or standard.

842
00:56:18,959 --> 00:56:22,080
You wanna choose your rootstocks
for the adaptability to your

843
00:56:22,080 --> 00:56:23,640
climate and to your soil.

844
00:56:24,209 --> 00:56:26,399
So those are the considerations.

845
00:56:26,790 --> 00:56:31,109
If I choose a dwarf tree, it
might be dwarf, but it might

846
00:56:31,115 --> 00:56:32,549
be susceptible to fire blight.

847
00:56:33,180 --> 00:56:35,430
So I am dedicating all this time.

848
00:56:35,910 --> 00:56:40,650
Getting a dwarf tree in the ground,
couple years it's producing yay.

849
00:56:40,830 --> 00:56:44,310
And all of a sudden a bad
summer that's really rainy.

850
00:56:44,550 --> 00:56:47,580
It develops fire blight and
then the trees are decimated

851
00:56:47,580 --> 00:56:49,280
and then I'm crying about it.

852
00:56:49,280 --> 00:56:50,220
I would cry.

853
00:56:51,090 --> 00:56:56,490
So I would rather choose a rootstock and
varieties that are gonna be susceptible

854
00:56:56,490 --> 00:57:00,450
to that fire blight and then I can
control the size myself by bruny.

855
00:57:00,930 --> 00:57:03,450
So that would be per, that
would not get fire blight.

856
00:57:03,480 --> 00:57:04,860
Yeah, absolutely.

857
00:57:04,990 --> 00:57:05,310
Yeah.

858
00:57:05,580 --> 00:57:05,940
Yeah.

859
00:57:06,260 --> 00:57:07,780
That makes sense.

860
00:57:07,820 --> 00:57:11,370
Okay, it's time for us to
find out who won the contest.

861
00:57:11,910 --> 00:57:12,030
Awesome.

862
00:57:12,030 --> 00:57:14,370
So Gary, are you gonna help us with this?

863
00:57:15,240 --> 00:57:17,430
I am going to help you.

864
00:57:17,460 --> 00:57:21,270
Now what I have Javier, we, I have.

865
00:57:21,840 --> 00:57:26,250
All those names that wrote in into a
little bucket, I'm gonna shake the bucket.

866
00:57:26,730 --> 00:57:28,140
You'll be able to hear that.

867
00:57:28,140 --> 00:57:29,640
And you tell me when to stop.

868
00:57:30,060 --> 00:57:32,970
And then what I will do is
pull out that piece of paper.

869
00:57:32,975 --> 00:57:34,830
Now we have a studio audience.

870
00:57:34,930 --> 00:57:37,110
They're very excited about this.

871
00:57:37,110 --> 00:57:40,590
I'm trying to control them,
but we'll see what happens.

872
00:57:40,595 --> 00:57:41,279
Are you ready?

873
00:57:41,970 --> 00:57:42,299
Okay.

874
00:57:42,600 --> 00:57:46,200
Oh, here we go right now.

875
00:57:47,340 --> 00:57:54,360
All right, let's pull this guy
out and we will see who this is.

876
00:57:55,230 --> 00:58:03,675
And it looks like the winner
is, Oscar of New York.

877
00:58:04,035 --> 00:58:04,815
It looks like.

878
00:58:04,965 --> 00:58:05,535
Wow.

879
00:58:05,955 --> 00:58:06,915
Down people Down.

880
00:58:06,915 --> 00:58:07,335
Take it easy.

881
00:58:08,085 --> 00:58:12,165
Oscar of New York is
the winner of the prize.

882
00:58:12,675 --> 00:58:13,095
Thank you.

883
00:58:13,845 --> 00:58:14,505
Wow.

884
00:58:14,510 --> 00:58:18,975
That studio audience, I'll tell you, they
really get excited with these contests.

885
00:58:18,975 --> 00:58:20,025
It's amazing, isn't it?

886
00:58:21,675 --> 00:58:22,425
Oh my goodness.

887
00:58:22,455 --> 00:58:25,875
So the prize that Oscar is getting
lucky Oscar, I wish I could

888
00:58:25,875 --> 00:58:27,465
put my own name for this prize.

889
00:58:27,465 --> 00:58:29,805
I want one of these bypass pro pruners.

890
00:58:29,805 --> 00:58:33,465
So it's a color point
bypass pro pruner from Dr.

891
00:58:33,705 --> 00:58:37,335
Valued at $28 coming
in six vibrant colors.

892
00:58:37,340 --> 00:58:41,595
I would, if I could choose, I would
maybe choose blue or purple or something.

893
00:58:42,025 --> 00:58:43,635
Oh, I can't have it.

894
00:58:43,815 --> 00:58:44,945
It's Oscar's.

895
00:58:45,185 --> 00:58:47,025
Oh and you can't have it either.

896
00:58:47,025 --> 00:58:48,135
I'm sorry, Jer.

897
00:58:48,405 --> 00:58:49,275
So it's not ours.

898
00:58:49,275 --> 00:58:49,815
It's Oscar.

899
00:58:49,845 --> 00:58:50,985
I know you're crying.

900
00:58:51,015 --> 00:58:51,735
That's okay.

901
00:58:52,275 --> 00:58:53,685
So we have our winner.

902
00:58:53,690 --> 00:58:58,785
We will reach out to Oscar to get
his address and send him that.

903
00:58:59,280 --> 00:59:00,150
Prize.

904
00:59:00,660 --> 00:59:04,260
So thank you so much, Javier,
for coming on the show.

905
00:59:04,260 --> 00:59:05,010
Like what?

906
00:59:05,010 --> 00:59:06,450
Fun to talk to you.

907
00:59:06,840 --> 00:59:08,190
Great to be here anytime.

908
00:59:08,550 --> 00:59:09,570
Yeah.

909
00:59:09,570 --> 00:59:13,380
And I'd look forward to
checking out your Facebook page.

910
00:59:13,440 --> 00:59:17,160
I'm not on Instagram yet, probably
never will be, but you never know.

911
00:59:17,740 --> 00:59:18,350
It's okay.

912
00:59:18,540 --> 00:59:20,940
I get very overwhelmed by social media.

913
00:59:21,860 --> 00:59:27,330
But thank you for coming on this show
and we will get you back someday to talk

914
00:59:27,330 --> 00:59:29,400
about your project and how things go.

915
00:59:30,030 --> 00:59:30,510
Fantastic.

916
00:59:30,510 --> 00:59:32,310
I'm looking forward to the opportunity.

917
00:59:33,735 --> 00:59:39,975
All right, so if you want to learn more
about today's topic and see visuals soon,

918
00:59:39,975 --> 00:59:44,475
in the next few days, I will have the
video version of this show ready for you.

919
00:59:44,865 --> 00:59:47,535
So you'll be able to see
the two of us chatting.

920
00:59:47,535 --> 00:59:52,005
But not only that, there will be
photographs and little bits of video so

921
00:59:52,005 --> 00:59:56,955
that you can really get a full experience
of the learning that you had in this show.

922
00:59:57,165 --> 01:00:01,725
If you wanna do that, if you wanna see the
video or other episodes you can do, you

923
01:00:01,725 --> 01:00:07,815
can go to Orchard People's YouTube channel
and find all the videos available there.

924
01:00:08,355 --> 01:00:11,355
Now if you wanna learn how to graph
fruit trees, if you're ready to

925
01:00:11,355 --> 01:00:13,125
do this, I'm ready to teach you.

926
01:00:13,425 --> 01:00:16,755
Go to orchard people.com,
click on courses.

927
01:00:17,295 --> 01:00:20,925
There is a wonderful course that
I worked on with Steph Roth of

928
01:00:20,925 --> 01:00:24,045
Silver Creek Nursery, and we
will teach you how to do this.

929
01:00:24,050 --> 01:00:24,675
You can do this.

930
01:00:24,975 --> 01:00:26,444
I can do this, we can all do this.

931
01:00:27,315 --> 01:00:31,575
If you want to listen to this podcast
again or download previous episodes,

932
01:00:31,575 --> 01:00:34,185
go to orchard people.com/podcasts.

933
01:00:34,904 --> 01:00:36,525
And that's all for now.

934
01:00:36,615 --> 01:00:39,915
We've got another great
show coming up next month.

935
01:00:39,975 --> 01:00:41,174
I know what the topic is.

936
01:00:41,174 --> 01:00:45,975
It's gonna be fun and hopefully you will
tune in again next month to the live show.

937
01:00:46,365 --> 01:00:49,245
Thanks for tuning in everybody,
and I'll see you next time.

938
01:00:49,245 --> 01:00:49,964
Bye for now.