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David A Nicolai: Again, My name is Dave Nikolai, with University Minnesota extension. I'm a crops Educator. We'd like to welcome our guest for the program this morning. Dr. Jeff Colter. He's extension corn specialists at the University, Minnesota Extension, and also Dr. Dennis Toddi, director of the Usda midwest climate hub out of the I/O area in terms of down and around the Aims and Des Moines area as as well.
David A Nicolai: We've had both of these folks on programs previous to this, so we really welcome their insightful and and and education as we go forward with that. With that I would like to turn the program over first of all to to Dennis.
David A Nicolai: and Dennis has been on before here, and he brought some slides along, and
David A Nicolai: and Dennis, I didn't know if we would really have a a spring, much less summer this year up here in Minnesota. But certainly that's the case. It finally arrived. I believe I I think it has a right for you folks in Iowa. I know you're always ahead of us a little bit there, but we're we're doing our best to try to catch up on this on this corn planning and and now on the on the soybean planning and and maybe we'll finally get rid of all of that snow in northwestern Minnesota. So with that I'm going to turn it over to you. You have a couple of things that we want to talk about here
David A Nicolai: and a little bit on the on the forecast and the outlook, especially for agriculture production and fuel crops. Sure, yeah, you guys had. You know, you wanted water. We got you water, but we in in the form of snow, and then we didn't do well enough to get rid of it. We held onto it for a long period of time, and and the good and bad is it? It went away quickly, but then you had flooding issues because of of the quick melt in the and the late season on that. So yes, we have finally turned a corner.
I mean we're not completely done with coolness. There's a little bit more coming, but but nothing nothing, major, that I can see going on right now. So let's go ahead and dive into what we have to talk about here. Just remember we are with party Usda.
Dennis Todey: with the called the Midwest Climate Hub, part of Usda, ours, and Minnesota is part of our 8 State region. So we like to to cooperate and and help out on these wherever possible. So we're happy to be here and happy to join you.
Dennis Todey: Okay, quick. Look back at a couple of things to where we are from a precipitation situation, always a good starting point. Upper left hand side is total precipitation over the last 30 days.
Dennis Todey: and then the the lower right hand side is maybe the one to look at more more closely is where we are compared to average. And so this blue area of you know, from from northeastern Minnesota down to the far southwest, and then, you know, through southern part is above average precipitation, you know, running on the order of 100, 2,050, or, you know, 150% of average precipitation which you know is is pretty good right now. But then taking note that you know, from the far north west
down to the southwest, and across the southern part of the of Minnesota. Actually, even the last 30 days have been somewhat drier than average. And then, if we take that back all the way back to October one. This is what I like. I like making sure we we we we keep in perspective is where we are in the way of precipitation. Since the end of last year we had some fairly dry soils after last growing season, so the upper left hand side. Here is a total precipitation since October one. And again, the lower right here is where we are on a percent of of average percent of normal, and and the similar area is, is is above average over
over the same time period that you know, from the far northeastern part of Minnesota, down those kind of the Redwood Falls area, and then over to the far southeast corner is above average.
you know, twin cities up towards Duluth area, you know, maybe 150. It's like getting up to, you know, a more than an average precipitation, while the southern edge and the western edge of the State are below average over this timeframe. So, despite all the snowfall that you've had, and there was a lot of snowfall when you can, we we we we missed out on some, some some recharge and so soil moisture last fall, and have been somewhat dry in places so far this spring
where that puts us from a soil moisture perspective generally, you know, i'd be curious to hear People's comments Generally, I think soils are are are sufficiently wet at this point, and maybe to wet. In some places.
Dennis Todey: This is a a national soil moisture model that I like to share from a perspective. We do have a little bit of question about how how good. This is because there was some bad data going into this model for a long period of time. Basically what's showing is the most of the southern half of the State is, is near normal in the middle of the distribution, whereas the northern part of the State still is wetter than average. According to this model.
Dennis Todey: Okay. So now we go on to where we are from a drought monitor standpoint. Where are we? From the Us. Drought? Monitor. Most of the state is is drought free. There's been enough moisture over the over the fall, or you know, over the winter, and we even held on to some drought level during the winter, because we weren't sure how much of that winter snow was actually going to get into the soils.
Dennis Todey: because we had frozen soils underlying all that heavy snow. So we weren't sure how much of that water was going to get through. We think, between that and other rainfalls we we've mostly eliminated most of the drought issues. So again, similar, following similar pattern, the Us Drought Monitor Map, the western part of the State, and along the south edge we have some d 0 which is considered abnormally dry, not considered drought. Actually, there are just a few counties and far southwestern Minnesota bordering Iowa.
Dennis Todey: that R. And d one drought monitor kind of a carry over from some of that persistent area in Northwest Iowa that that just won't go away. We Haven't had enough moisture to clear that situation.
Dennis Todey: Okay. Now I do want to show a new set of maps. These aren't new. I've shown them before, but they are now publicly available. They are produced by some of our other usda colleagues in the office, the Chief Economist.
Dennis Todey: The data is the Usda Nas data for each state. But now you know. So the new Sda Nas data is collected each week and reported on Mondays. Now, on Tuesday morning these maps are available, so you can see on a on a statewide base or a national basis. But then each state
Dennis Todey: the various issues, you know where we are, with various crop and and and planting issues. So the the website is down there on the left hand side. We can share it in the chat to basically what you get from Usda, and as is now on these maps, but the nice thing about them is you can look at where we are compared to a 5 year average or how we did from the last week. So what we're showing here is is the Nas map from this last weekend
Dennis Todey: corn planting got up 33% over the last week. Soybean planting up 12% over the last week, and you can see where how that compares across the across the region.
Dennis Todey: Okay, let's jump ahead to what we can say. Going ahead from this point, you know, just a reminder of some of the things that we look at in the way of climate outlook the first one that has gotten a huge amount of play, and it is a legitimately a a big thing to talk about is what's happening with El Nino.
Dennis Todey: We gone from Linenia for the last 3 years. That rapidly collapsed the spring. We went from linen to conditions over the winter collapse during the spring. and then we have quickly transitioned now to El Nino conditions and the graphic we're showing you. Here is the sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean. The Central Pacific Ocean. Anything that's in blue is colder than average, and then anything that is red and darker red is is warmer than average, and much warm, with an average. So on the right hand side, you see this area of of of warm, with an average increasing, especially along the coast of South America. That's showing a rapid transition towards El Nino conditions
Dennis Todey: in the spring, late winter and spring I was, I kept mentioning, I I, you know, only you may become a player this spring, or during the summer, and fall more likely to fall. It is looking more and more likely that El Nino is going to become a player this spring, or excuse me this summer.
Dennis Todey: Let's show you a graphic here. This shows the probabilities of what's going to happen in the way of the the 3 phases, El Nino, linen and neutral conditions, the 3 bars
Dennis Todey: over each 3 month period. So, for example, on the bottom. Amj. Is April, May, June, Mj. Is made you in July, Jj. A. Is June, July, August.
The Red Bar is over 80% likelihood that we're going to be in El Nino conditions for June, July, August, so that this summer does look like it's going to be influenced by El Nino. Conditions.
Dennis Todey: National folks from the climate prediction center. We'll not talk about this frequently because they don't have they? Don't think there's a strong enough relationship with El Nino during the summertime. It's more so in the winter time, and we expect what it'll need to affect this coming winter. But we've done some work previously. That does show. El Nino does have some influence during the summertime. It's not incredibly strong, but there are some things that we can talk about with that. And and
Dennis Todey: typically what those are, and we'll chat, we'll check on it. Here again, too, is that during the summer
Dennis Todey: less likelihood of dryness, it may not be wet, but it's it's unlikely to be dry, and it's less likely to be warmer than average, maybe near average, maybe cooler. But the those are the the kind of things we found in, and most of the midwest. Okay, let's jump ahead to what we can say about the specific outlook. Now.
Dennis Todey: here we're showing the next 7 day precipitation map and the there are 2. Well, 2 main issues. If you look across the countries Texas and the southern plains, which also need rain or getting a lot of that. But northern plains, and even into that Western Minnesota Southwest Minnesota area
has a a good chance of you know one to 2 inches, plus, possibly in in in rainfall over the next week, with thunderstorms coming through the area, so that area that has been a little bit dry. We have an opportunity to to get some rainfall there.
Dennis Todey: unfortunately, may slope planting progress down a bit, but there is some good news. If we go ahead to the 8 to 14 Day outlook. So the next week week 2, which puts us into about the third week of May, you see on the right hand side, a higher likelihood of drier than average, and this kind of continues
Dennis Todey: through the through the end of May, the first part of June. Not a huge but but we are tilting towards the the drier side. So it looks like that, you know. If thing If progress gets slowed down this week we will be able to make progress over the over the time period after that, and the left hand side temperature wise. I hinted at this earlier that maybe a little bit of coolness. Again.
Dennis Todey: as we get into the latter part of May, I don't foresee this being a major issue, but it will be a little bit of a slow down, and and in our crop progress and crop development. Okay, and the interest time, let's. Let's keep rolling here. Kind of a summary next 7 days more likely wetter, especially in the south and West, more likely drier into the the the end of May and early June
Dennis Todey: El Nino is gonna become more of a play. Typically, drought is not an issue with with our growing season. So you know, with a little bit of delay and and a a potential, maybe, being a little bit cooler this summer, you know, there may be a little bit of slower crop development. I don't foresee that being a major issue. But it's it's something that we're gonna have to keep a watch on as we go along.
Dennis Todey: And to that end we do have just a reminder of this crop growing degree a tool that we have. It's amazing. This thing has been around for 10 years, started with a project when I was in South Dakota, and a regional project that's still around and and getting a lot of use, so encourage you to grab that and use that wherever you want to. And then just to remind or 2 of of our climate, Hubs website, and we also, on that website, have climate outlooks that we touch on
Dennis Todey: a along the way. If if want people to, to to sign up for our newsletter or just check our website for a climate outlook. Okay, back to you folks.
David A Nicolai: Well, Dennis, maybe just a little bit more about the growing Degree Day tool. I think it's very easy to use for for folks, because basically you get that, you get the map of the State. And all you have to do basically is click on a particular area or a county or township.
David A Nicolai: and it's very, you know, intuitive from historical standpoint, so it'll give you some kind of a baseline is, and I, and that process is still within the tool.
Dennis Todey: and and the other part that is great about it is, it allows you to select when you planted. You know I planted on May Twelfth. You can set the start point for May 12,
Dennis Todey: and then you get to set your variety. You know i'm using 105 day i'm using a 98 variety, and it shows where you are, and your likelihood to hit like here's the likelihood when you're going to hit a tasseling is the red line, and the black line is is black layer. So and and this is basically a climatology projection throughout the year. But some error bounds around that it's a really. It's a really
David A Nicolai: useful tool. Well, it's it's out there, and we'll. We'll pop it up in the in the chat box for people to see from time to time as well with that before I bring in a Jeff. I just want to. I
David A Nicolai: We we're kind of rushing here to. We'll make sure we get out the whole program in here. But I want to give a comments here in terms of our sponsors, the Minnesota. So I, being Research and Promotion Council, and also the Minnesota Corn Research and Promotion Council, along with. Of course, University Minnesota extension are are the folks that help to provide this program, and we will continue throughout throughout the year with that.
David A Nicolai: if you have questions, put them in the Q. A. Box and and so forth. But, Jeff, you know that's that's one of the things I we were talking before we started here. I I had a chance to go out and work with a couple of local farmers on a on a corn plot yesterday and on in Renville County. We got almost done.
David A Nicolai: and then the then, Of course I told Dennis, unfortunately, had one of those pop up showers that he should have taken care of, but we got rained out at at the end. But we've got a lot of corn in the ground in a lot of places. Southern Minnesota is, you know, talking to folks way over, you know, 80, 90 right around in that Renville County area, maybe 6,500, and and it changes in there didn't see anything emerged in there, or should we be concerned. But I do. We forget from year to year that it does take a while for corn
David A Nicolai: to emerge after planning, particularly in some of these soil types any comments on that?
Jeff Coulter: Well, generally it takes about 120 growing degree days after planting for emergence to occur, and at these temperatures that we've had since about last week. You know it's only going to take about 10 to 12 days, so emerges should occur fairly quickly, for most of this crop, since
Jeff Coulter: temperatures and moisture are favorable.
Jeff Coulter: I know you know we're getting into May now it's the tenth of May, and people are starting to look at the calendar and get a little concerned that you know the optimum planting window is slipping away.
Jeff Coulter: But you know, I think we're still in the optimum planting window, yet
Jeff Coulter: between 2,009 and
Jeff Coulter: 22, 2,016, we did 26 planning day trials across the State of Minnesota, and on average, the optimum planting window was between April 25 and May 12, and that's on average.
Jeff Coulter: but in comparison to average, I would say that this year is not an average year. It's a little bit late for spring to arrive. So I think that optimum planting window this year could
Jeff Coulter: potentially extend to about may 15, or maybe even a little later. I think we've got good chance for a good yield this year. I think a key thing to remember for corn is that we don't want to mud the crop in. We need to make sure that the soil conditions are favorable before we do tillage.
Jeff Coulter: The last thing we want to do is get in there when it's too wet, and create a lot of small clods.
Jeff Coulter: and then have the soil dry out afterwards. After we're done planting. And in that scenario we can have a seed clod, contact rather than seed soil contact. And that's a problem, because that means there's going to be a lot of little air pockets in the soil.
Jeff Coulter: and that's not gonna be favorable for having that water too quickly, and vibe into the corn seeds, you know. We want to have all those, all those plants emerging at about the same time, and in order to do that, they need to be imbibing water at the same rate. So
Jeff Coulter: you know, I think that's a a key consideration. Another thing to realize is that you know, for corn yield Most of it is determined, based on the weather conditions that occur the 2 weeks before Tasseling
Jeff Coulter: and the 3 weeks after the tassels emerged. So basically from about mid July through. Oh, mid August. That's the weather. Conditions during that period are really what determined the yield, assuming that you were able to get an acceptable stand established earlier in the year.
David A Nicolai: That's one of the things you know that we we were talking about before Dennis.
David A Nicolai: You know how, how, how how reliable are some of these long term summertime forecasts, especially with El Nino when we talked about what Jeff just mentioned, you know, late July, and in early August. Can you lift up the hood and peek in and give us an idea what you see
Dennis Todey: I mean. The The longer range outlooks any time during the summertime are are a bit
Dennis Todey: yeah, you, you know, Can't Can't tell you too much along with that. But with an El Nino influence our likelihood of not being hot during those times goes down. I mean it still can it still can be a problem.
Dennis Todey: But the likelihood of that is reduced now on the off side as we were talking about before we've had this this
Dennis Todey: thing. We had this issue show up with midsummer dryness becoming a a a more of an issue. So the midsummer heat, we we know, occurs regularly, but but with El Nino may knock that down.
Dennis Todey: The chance of that midsummer dryness is is still there, but with El Nino it would reduce that risk also. So there's still some risk, but it's not as high as we've had some other years.
David A Nicolai: So Jeff, getting back to the calendar here a little bit. I know a lot of folks, maybe, that are perhaps listening in, or will hear. Listen to this later about Northwestern Minnesota.
David A Nicolai: What's our recommendation? Do you want to have folks just hang in there and stay with your relative maturity of safer on on corn that you already, you know, have in the shed or have ready to go.
Jeff Coulter: Yeah, Well, a general guideline that I think we should stick to this year is, you know. Stick with your planned seed choices until we get up to May. 22, and between may 20 s and the 20 eighth.
Jeff Coulter: Consider switching to hybrids that are 5 to 7 relative maturity units earlier than what are considered considered full season for your area.
David A Nicolai: So what would that hold? You know the folks up in Northwest. Some of those Haven't had to have been able to turn much of a wheel here until very lately, or or if at all. A. On that. Are they a little
David A Nicolai: little bit different? I mean, they're gonna probably use a shorter maturity hybrid already. To begin with.
Jeff Coulter: I would still stick with those the I would still stick with that guideline up in the Northwest. I know they haven't been able to get in much, but you know that's a a region where
Jeff Coulter: it They're they're starting out with earlier maturity hybrids at the beginning. But that's what's considered full season for their area. And we don't want to.
Jeff Coulter: I I would say that the risk of getting your crop froze before it reaches maturity, or you know
Jeff Coulter: they're they're there in the Northwest, especially in comparison to like Southern Minnesota, and I I would
Jeff Coulter: stick with those guidelines rather than trying to just stick with the full season hybrid into until June.
David A Nicolai: Well, based on what you both have talked about. One of the questions came in, and and this is probably like a a softball here a nice easy, you know here for both of you. The question is, what is the probability at this time for a normal corn yield in 2,023.
David A Nicolai: Okay. So you can both can comment on on that from a climate perspective a on there. So I don't I don't know if you
David A Nicolai: you you could swing and try to get the ball here, Dennis, and and then Jeff. But i'll leave it up to you. So what is the probability at this time for a normal carnival in 2,023, as far as you can tell.
Dennis Todey: Well, I assume they're talking about Minnesota, I mean on on a on a re national basis, I would say it's pretty good
Dennis Todey: a on on a Minnesota basis. I'd say yes, also the the the cooler wetter seasons, if they are a problem You tend to have enough yield. It's just harder to manage and and doesn't dry down as well. But i'll defer to the corn. The corn experts here.
Jeff Coulter: Well, I think we're off to a a great start. You know the calendar year. The calendar is a little bit later than what we would like right. you know, but I think we're in good in good shape.
Jeff Coulter: you know, and if we have a cooler year that I can really help us during grain filling period that could help to extend that green filling period rather than you know, having the heat there to push that crap crap through sometimes
Jeff Coulter: that can really help us to get some heavier kernels. So I think we're in in a good situation. I see no reason why we would expect anything less than average this year, and
Jeff Coulter: probably a little above average, if the weather is favorable.
David A Nicolai: Well, one of the questions that we got in previous to the the Zoom Webinar this morning, Jeff.
David A Nicolai: and I think you might have thought about this a little bit. Actually, it's. It's outside of corn. But I I think some of the same things applying.
David A Nicolai: you know. What are any tips to increase the soybean stand? You know all the focus has been on corn. you know, or a lot of that situations with that? Are there some of the same principles involved, you know, in in making sure that we get a good Soybean Stand out there.
Jeff Coulter: Yeah, absolutely. You know, I think a key thing again is to avoid doing tillage when it's too wet.
Jeff Coulter: And then also to be thinking about, you know, having those seeds planted into moisture. We've seen this in some years, you know we're
Jeff Coulter: It's been dry, and they do the tillage well in advance of the planting, and then they end up planting the soybean, maybe a little on the shallow side, and the the beans just sit there until it rains, and then in some cases they may sit there a while in the soil.
Jeff Coulter: and then they emerge, and then the emergence isn't necessarily uniform.
Jeff Coulter: That that's kind of a concern. So doing what you can to ensure that you're not tilling the soil when it's too wet. But then also that you're getting good soil contact and that all those beans are placed into moisture. I think that's going to help you out.
David A Nicolai: Okay, we have another question that that came in, and and Anthony Hansen is is on the line. I I I called Anthony our producer for these for the series, and maybe you want to unmute it, and I don't know if you plan to this question or or not.
David A Nicolai: But you know, with that looking forward it would be, Would it be useful; for if we talk about sea treatments, and also seed, corn, maggot.
David A Nicolai: and and effect on on soybeans here, and I think you just wrote a crop news on that. But is there? Are there some critical times here when we, when we talk about that in terms of what to look for and be observing as we're still planning, Anthony.
Anthony Hanson: Yeah, Dave, it's kind of shaping up with the 3 day forecast for C. Core Mega that it should be around
Anthony Hanson: Oh, this week under, so that we hit the peak for that. So if you are in fields that already have high risk for it or history of it, and if you maybe want to avoid planting around this weekend plus or minus a couple of days.
Anthony Hanson: you know, you'll probably know already if you're in field set. You had a history of secret issues. So you're probably aware of that one already. But just keep that one in mind that those forecasts are showing right around that ballpark. If you're planting earlier this week or
Anthony Hanson: and later into the following week, you should be outside that window. At least, so just be aware of that one there see treatments can offer some protection. But that's another case where I wouldn't be, you know, arranging seat treatments.
Anthony Hanson: This because the timing is right. It's again that history in the field. If you don't have issues there, but that should cover it if you yeah, this kinda can change your planning schedule. I know that's hard to do. We're just trying to get all of our crops in the ground as soon as we can. So that's a a tough consideration for some folks, but just keep that one in mind. If you're in a high risk area.
David A Nicolai: Well, certainly you. You wrote a a Minnesota crop news, and so the folks want to look at those, and I I
David A Nicolai: put in a plug for, and a number of other articles, and so forth, that are in there released on a regular basis. Just go to University of Minnesota crop news, and you can follow up similar articles, but certainly the one that Anthony is talking about, and affecting both corn and and and soybeans a as well with that.
David A Nicolai: in terms of other other items, Jeff, on anything else that you've come across, or getting questions from from growers or observations that you'd like to cover.
Jeff Coulter: No, I think I've pretty much covered everything at this point I'm. Just hanging out ready to take some questions if we have any.
David A Nicolai: Okay, Dennis, any any other comments about some of those particular is is situations here on on, on on a climate. I guess the question I had for you is.
David A Nicolai: we almost seem to be irritating this atmosphere here, where we have these periodic showers here this week, and maybe this coming weekend every we're still gonna deal with that in the next 4 or 5 days, as far as what I would call very spotty
David A Nicolai: situations.
Dennis Todey: I I would expect.
Dennis Todey: You know we've made that transition from, you know, during the cold season, you know, from fall through the winter to early spring. More of our precipitation is larger low pressure system areas. So you can kind of see it come, You can gauge where the areas of a precipitation are going to be better. We now transition to a summertime where thunderstorms are more based on
Dennis Todey: local conditions, I i'll say, and even what happens the day before thunderstorms yesterday can help set up thunderstorms tomorrow or or today in the case, so it's. It's harder to predict exactly where they will be. We can tell where areas are, but exactly who's going to get it. How much they're going to get is is harder to do in the and once we get to the the convective season.
David A Nicolai: So therefore I want to put in a strong plug and endorsement for pre emergent serviceicides. If that's in your program. They consider those because, Dennis, you never know. You know it's better to be, you know, making those applications when that rainfall.
David A Nicolai: you know we we talked on a podcast the other day with with Dr. Devlin's ring. Here. We've signed this, but you know, if we can get that quarter to a half inch, you know. Certainly. That helps in a lot of cases for getting it down to the soil solution. So pries are really there because it's been our experience.
David A Nicolai: you know, every year, and it probably will be this year with the soil, temperatures, and and Jeff you a concur. I think, too, that we're going to have the corn and soybeans and the weeds all emerged at the same time here. So what you can do for early season we control will really really be timely and
David A Nicolai: and and and helpful. With that was there. There was another question that came in about fuel covet for versus vertical tillage. And obviously, for I think the fact what Jeff was saying. We don't want to
David A Nicolai: bring up a do a lot of damage from the standpoint of compaction, but with muddy in the crop in, you know. If you do a slight a little bit till it's probably
David A Nicolai: we'd be better, you know, than than a deep tillage at this point in time. We don't want to make clods, so that would be my biggest concern with any of this types of tillage, or the the the sub-siling, and we can dive into that a little bit more when we talk about things for the fall as well. But you really want that
David A Nicolai: perfect as well. Seed bed, Jeff. I think I think, when the day is done, no matter what what the crop in terms of your till is immediately ahead of planting correct?
Jeff Coulter: Well, yeah, so the question was, is a fuel cultivator versus vertical till what is better? Well, you know, it depends on the situation vertical till may be a little better if the soil was on the wider side, because it doesn't go as deep.
Jeff Coulter: On the other hand, the field cultivator goes a little deeper, and incorporates the fertilizer Better so it depends what your objective is, but
Jeff Coulter: with either option you'd want to make sure that your that the soil is dry, at least an inch below the depth of tillage, when you start to do your tillage.
David A Nicolai: Very good, very good.
David A Nicolai: All right. Next week we're going to have an opportunity to have Jeff back again along with Dr. Seth Nave at this same time and in program, Liz Stall will be the
David A Nicolai: we'll be the moderator, and so we welcome with that just a little bit of housekeeping. Here we will have a 3 question we'll survey as you sign off, or we would like you to fill that out, depending on on the program and give us some feedback. With that we also again want to thank. Not only investment is not extension, but the Minnesota. So I mean Research and Promotion Council
David A Nicolai: and the Minnesota Corn Research and Promotion Council for their help and and and support. So again we want to thank in in this case. With with this situation, Dennis Todd, and also Jeff Coulter for their time this morning, and if you have questions
David A Nicolai: for the situations dealing, that it primarily on a foreign and soybeans will have other guests coming up here on terms of integrated past management and scouting.
David A Nicolai: and talk about some other crops a. As well with that beyond the corn and soybeans on these Webinar series, so that there's anything else. Thank you very much for attending, and stay safe and keep keep watching for the the link for the upcoming programs. So thank you again.