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The Everyday Judaism Podcast (formerly Living Jewishly Podcast) is dedicated to learning and understanding the laws and basic how-to of daily Jewish living. Presented by Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe in a simple and concise manner, easy for anyone to understand and connect.
This Podcast Series is Generously Underwritten by Marshall & Doreen Lerner.
You're listening to Rabbi Aryeh Wolbe of TORCH in Houston, Texas. This is the Everyday Judaism Podcast.
All right, welcome back everybody, good morning. We are now resuming chapter 44, Simmon 44, Simmon Memdalet, and we're up to Halacha Yud, Halacha number 10. Now what we previously, we discussed the laws of Maim Achronim, which is the after waters before, after the meal, but before we recite the grace after meals, before the Birkas Hamazon. And then we talked about the blessings of Birkas Hamazon and things that need to be
added. So Halacha number Yud is Beshabes Shechal Bo Rosh Chodesh, when Shabbos and Rosh Chodesh both coincide. So we add to our Shabbos grace after meals, we add the Ritzeh. On Rosh Chodesh we add Yal Av Yavo, but which one comes first when they're both together, Shabbos and Rosh Chodesh? Oh, Chalamot, or the festival, or Yom Tov HaChalamayit. So we always say what is more frequent, and then the infrequent. What is more frequent Shabbos?
Shabbos is more frequent than Rosh Chodesh, and therefore we say the Ritzeh before the Yal Av Yavo, because Shabbos is regular, it comes first. Halacha number 11, someone who is unsure whether or not they recited the blessing after the meal or not, so if a person is satiated, like, oh, that was a good meal, so he's still obligated to that Biblical command of grace after meals, and therefore, right, because it says V'achalto V'savoto U'verachto, and you'll eat, and you'll be satiated, and you'll bless Hashem,
so since he's still satiated, he's full, he's still obligated to that obligation, and he needs to recite the Birkas Hamazon again if he doesn't remember that he did it the first time, to begin with. V'chein, im nirdam b'sheinah be'emtzah, Birkas Hamazon, what happens if someone fell asleep in the middle of the meal? He's not sure whether or not he recited the grace after meals, or he was in the middle of reciting the grace after meals and fell asleep in the middle.
That sometimes happens if you have heavy food, you drink some wine, it makes you drowsy. He's reciting the grace after meals, and he falls asleep in the middle. Now he wakes up, did I finish the Birkas Hamazon, did I finish my grace after meals, or not? Tzarech lachzeh l'rosh Birkas Hamazon, he needs to go back to the beginning of Birkas Hamazon. V'isha sh'nistapka im bircha, a woman who was unsure whether or not she recited the
blessing, im lo, oh lo, or she's not sure if she did or she didn't recite the blessing, einot tzarech l'vorok pam'sheinis, she does not need to recite the blessing a second time. Now the reason most likely is because I think women are a little bit more careful to do things properly, particularly with regards to blessings, to ensure that they recite the blessing appropriately, and therefore they are not obligated in the same way. He says, although women are certainly obligated to recite Birkas Hamazon, it is an unresolved
question whether their obligation to recite Birkas Hamazon is biblical in origin, therefore if a woman is in doubt whether she recited Birkas Hamazon, she is not obligated to recite it again. And see Mishnubur regarding a woman who wishes to recite it in this situation. Okay. The halacha now continues about what to do if one forgot to recite ritzeh and yalav yavo. So I'm not going to read all of it because it's three different blessings, but just let
me give you, okay, what happens if someone forgets to say ritzeh on Shabbos? What happens if someone forgets to say yalav yavo on Rosh Chodesh or holidays? And what happens if someone forgot to say ritzeh and yalav yavo on Shabbos holiday? Okay. What do we do for each of them? The halacha here in Simmon Memdalet, Halacha Yud Beis, goes through the three different blessings that you can recite to compensate for that part that you forgot. Okay, so means, here's the thing.
If you remember before you recite the following blessing, you can go back and recite it. But if you already recited the name of Hashem in the following blessing, then you can no longer recite it in its proper place, then you add a blessing later. And here in Simmon, in Yud Beis, the halacha will say exactly the three different blessings that you can add after for missing the ritzeh. So we're going to go past that now, and we're going to go to Halacha Yud Gimel, because
it would just be a lot of text of reading those blessings. Okay. Im lo niskar ad la'achar shehitzchil ha'abrochesh shalach ha'areh, shehi borachat ha'Hashem elokinim alech ha'olam, hokel avinu. So now you've finished. Okay, so the way the blessings works, we have the first blessing of Azan Hasakol, the second blessing of Al Artz ve'Alam HaZon, first blessing composed by Moses, second blessing composed by Joshua, very good. And then the third blessing by David and King Salmon.
And then the fourth blessing, which is from our men of the Great Assembly. So now we started that fourth blessing. And where do we put the Shabbos and Yalov Yehovah edition, the Rosh Chodesh edition, in the third blessing? It's right before, right before the end of the third, of the third blessing. Okay, so now we are halacha number 13. Im lo niskar if one was not aware of his omission, ad la'achar shehitzchil ha'abrochesh shalach ha'areh, shehi borachat ha'Hashem elokinim alech ha'olam, hokel avinu, afilu lo amarak
tevas, baruch belvad, if he just said baruch, shuv ein lo takanu bebrachos, ashanosan u'lechen, im hu b'shtei seudos rishonos, choze le'Rosh be'Kasamos, he says therefore, if it's the first two meals of Shabbos, or Yom Tov, you go back to the beginning of the benching and you start over again. But if he just said baruch ha'Hashem, he should conclude with lamdei nilchu kecha, which is a verse, and that way it's not a blessing in vain, ve'chakah choze le'Rosh be'Kasamosan,
av b'seud ha'shlishis, but by the third meal, afilu b'Shabbos, einu m'chuyev le'chol pas dafka, because there's no obligation to specifically eat bread at that meal, u'mikol shekein be'Yom Tov, and definitely on Yom Tov, be'Kasamosan, einu chovas ha'Yom olav, lochen einu choze le'Rosh, he does not return to the beginning of the blessing of the be'Kasamosan, elogomer kach be'Kasamosan, he just concludes the rest of be'Kasamosan without correcting his mistake. aval im niska be'mokam she'yoha le'taken be'beruch ha'sha'Nosan, be'chuyev le'taken, afilu be'Kamas'ud ha'shocha.
He says, however, if he becomes aware of his omission at a place where he is able to rectify his mistake by reciting the compensatory blessing, those three blessings that we mentioned previously, then m'chuyev, he is obligated to rectify his omission, even if, even at any of the additional meals that were eaten. Okay, now, halacha 14, tov b'Rosh Chodesh v'lomer yalev yavo. This happens, unfortunately, people forget, on Rosh Chodesh, they're eating bread, they
recite the grace after meals, and they forget, oh, I forgot to say, to add the yalev yavo, which is the addition we recite on holidays and on Rosh Chodesh. So if one made such a mistake, v'lomer yalev yavo, omer baruch ha'ta Hashem olekinu melechot, So then, what do you do? You add a blessing, and this is the blessing that we recite, and he does not conclude with a blessing. It doesn't make a difference whether it's the night of Rosh Chodesh or the day of Rosh
Chodesh, you don't conclude with a blessing. v'chol ha'moed, im lomer yalev yavo, yomar baruch ha'ta Hashem olekinu melechot, lomer sh'nosen mo'adem la'amo Yisroel, l'soson le'simcho, v'es yom chag, and then you add which holiday it is, baruch ha'ta Hashem Yekadesh Yisroel v'azmanim. v'rosh ha'shonah, on Rosh Ha'shonah as well, there's another blessing that's recited for that. So, again, in not wanting to confuse everyone here, if you're in a situation, most sidurim will have the blessings that need to be recited.
If one forgot in the appropriate place to place the ritzei or the yalev yavo, after the blessing, you can recite an additional blessing to compensate for it. v'rosh chodesh shachal b'shabes, v'shochach ritzei, v'gam yalev yavo, v'nizka v'oma baruch ha'to Hashem olekinu melech ha'oma, asher nosan, kol el gam v'rosh chodesh, ben b'sichot, ben mechasima, v'omer, asher nosan shabos, l'menuchol ha'am Yisroel v'avo, le'os u'lebris, l'rosh ha'chodesh, le'zikorim, baruch ha'to Hashem Yekadesh ha'shabes v'Yisroel v'rosh ha'chodesh. So, this is another blessing, again, that one should recite on Shabbos and Rosh Chodesh
if they made this mistake and forgot. Af alpi sheber Rosh Chodesh levad einu chosem, hocho kevon shu chosem yishru Shabbos. Now, you recite a blessing, you don't do it for Rosh Chodesh, but you do do it for Shabbos. You do add a blessing at the end of this edition on Shabbos. Mas g'gam v'rosh chodesh, then because it's also Rosh Chodesh, you will say this blessing for Shabbos and Rosh Chodesh. Im omer ritzeh v'lo omer yal avi yavo, if he said ritzeh but he didn't say the yal avi
yavo, v'lo niskar ad la'acher shehitchir brachosh la'acharel, einu choser l'rosh, you do not return to the beginning, de'ho shel Shabbos omer, u b'shv'rosh chodesh, einu choser v'im omer yal avi yavo, v'lo omer ritzeh, hu choser l'rosh, etzorach l'omer g'am yal avi yavo, v'hu ha'din l'cholom ha'adu ha'shonu. Okay, let me just explain what's going on here in halacha number 15. So what happens is as follows. What happens if someone remembered to say the ritzeh for Shabbos, but not the yal avi yavo for Rosh Chodesh? Or vice versa.
They remembered to say the yal avi yavo, but not the ritzeh. So the ritzeh takes prominence over the yal avi yavo. And therefore, if you remembered the ritzeh, you do not repeat the whole birkat ha'mazon, the whole grace after meals. But if you remembered the yal avi yavo, not the ritzeh, you do return because again, ritzeh, because it's Shabbos, it has a more prominent place. By the way, just so that you understand, what is the holiest day of the year? Shabbos. Very good.
Shabbos is holier than everything, holier than Yom Kippur, holier than Rosh Hashanah, and it's every week. What a special opportunity we have. Halacha number 16, and we have just three more left. So what does he say? He says, if on Purim or on Hanukkah, you forget to say the Al Anisim, the special insert for those days, so then you do not go back. But you can recite a blessing, Baruch ha'to Hashem, if you already said, sorry, you don't
say it's not a special blessing, but you add in the harachamons that we have at the end of our grace after meals, you add another one which says that may the compassionate one who performs miracles and wonders perform, that he performed for our forefathers in those days at this time, and on Hanukkah, then you add the Hanukkah part of the prayer, of the prayer, and then on Purim, you add the Purim part. Halacha number 17, okay, so someone was eating Shabbos afternoon, and it got dark, Shabbos ends.
Do you recite the Ritzei still? And it's almost Shabbos, you look outside, three stars are out, Shabbos is out, but you didn't take out Shabbos yet, so you extended your meal into the after Shabbos. So do you recite the Ritzei from Shabbos? The answer is yes, you do recite the Ritzei, and likewise with Yom Tov, you do recite the Rosh Chodesh, and you do recite the additions for Hanukkah and Purim as well. Since the beginning of the meal was during the day, then you recite and mention the relevance
of that day, even though now that you're reciting the blessing is after that day. So what happens in the reverse? You start the meal before Rosh Chodesh, and you end the meal in Rosh Chodesh, or, right? So now what do you do? If you ate also a bit of bread after nightfall, then you do say Halav Yov, because now it's considered a meal of that day, so too with Hanukkah and Purim. If someone began eating Shabbos afternoon, and his meal extended into the night, and
he ate during the night time a piece of bread, and the next day is Rosh Chodesh, and now what do you do? So now, Shabbos ends, Rosh Chodesh begins, it's very interesting. So you're for sure saying Ritzei because it's still Shabbos, but now you ate a piece of bread in the night time, which is already Rosh Chodesh. So you'll recite both, Shabbos and Rosh Chodesh, very interesting. And same as goes with Hanukkah and Purim, and there are some that disagree with this
ruling, because they are contradictory events, so then most people have the custom in order to not contradict one another, because it's either Shabbos or it's weekday, which one is it? You've got to decide that contradiction in order to resolve that contradiction, most people don't eat the bread after that nightfall in order not to fall, but it's only in that situation. Typically, there are many people, many righteous people, who extend their Shabbos. The Torah says you need to extend Shabbos, even by a second, even by a minute, either
in the beginning or at the end, extend the Shabbos. The Shabbos shouldn't be only from sunset to stars out, add something. So we add 18 minutes, that's why we have 18 minutes before sunset. Do you want to know what time candle lighting is? It's always 18 minutes before sunset. So if you ask your Google or your Apple or your Alexa or whatever your choice of AI is, and you say, what time is sunset tonight on a Friday? And they will tell you, it's at 6 o'clock.
Candle lighting would be 5.42, 18 minutes before that would be the candle lighting. That's why, because you add to the Shabbos, we always add to the Shabbos. If one is not able to, because of whatever emergency, you're running back from a doctor's office and you're late or whatever, you have at sunset is the correct, is the appropriate time for one not to delay. And finally, if there is work, stars, in the house, when it rains a lot, we do it together.
Because we say, one of the things we say, compassionate one, we say all of those that are in this house. But if you have a worker who's finishing up, fixing your plumbing, right? So you should say, you should make sure that you include the members of the covenant of this home should be included in that blessing. Okay. And then next week, God willing, we will continue with Halacha Semen 45, which is all about the Zimon. Does anybody know what the Zimon is?
Zimon is the welcoming people to recite the grace after meals together. So if you have three men or three women sitting together and eating a meal together, then you invite everyone, let's come, let's thank Hashem together. And there's a process in how that's done. We're going to talk about that next week. And this concludes my dear friends, Semen 44. I look forward to your questions in Ask Away number 34.
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