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Every week, Kyle Caldwell and guests take a look at how the biggest stories and emerging trends could affect your investments, with practical tips and ideas to help you navigate your way through. Join the conversation, tell us what you want us to talk about or send us a question to OTM@ii.co.uk. Visit www.ii.co.uk for more investment insight and ideas.
Hello. I'm Kyle Caldwell and this is On The Money, a weekly look how to get the best out of your savings and investments. So today, we're gonna be looking at new data that shows how ISA millionaires made their fortunes. Joining me to discuss how and where ISA millionaires invest is Myron Jobson, senior personal finance analyst at Interactive Investor. Myron, great to have you on the podcast.
Kyle Caldwell:So let's start off with the numbers. So we've seen IC millionaires among Interactive Investor customers rise significantly over the past year. So, Myron, could you run through those figures? And could you also touch upon whether the fact that we've seen this notable increase due to the fact that over this one year period is, which is from the January 2024 to the January 2025, that was a good period for markets generally, particularly The US market. So I'm assuming that this increased the value of portfolios, particularly those that quite were quite close to becoming IC millionaires.
Myron Jobson:Yeah. It certainly was. I mean, we now have 1,607 IC millionaires on our platform. And just put that into context, that means that we are the most popular in that DIY investment platform for IC millionaires. I say that with a massive smile on face, you know, working for an interactive investor.
Myron Jobson:But, you know, this represents a 61% increase from the figure, at the January 2024. So a lot lot more people have become ISO millionaires. And as you're quite right, you said said like, ISO millionaires have likely benefited from a strong year for investment. So the II index, which tracks customers portfolio performance and something that we do in house, it shows that the average customer with a 7 figure portfolio, and this is just not limited to item millionaires, They achieved a return of 11.2% in 02/2024. So that's the pretty decent return, isn't it?
Myron Jobson:And this outpaced median return of 9.5% achieved by customers with a lower portfolio value. So, yes, a greater return in 02/2024 is a significant contributing factor to why more people became ISO millionaires. But it's not just short term performance. The average age of our ISO millionaire is 73. So, basically, this tells us that many, many, many of our ISO millionaires have benefited from time in the market.
Myron Jobson:That's key. And a lot of these ISO millionaires would have had PEPs or also Tesa's accounts, which predated ISO accounts, which were introduced back in 1999. So these investors benefited from time in the market and the magic that is compound interest.
Kyle Caldwell:I think anyone who becomes like a millionaire, that's a remarkable achievement. I mean, over the years, I've spoken to some DIY investors that have achieved the seven figure fees. And each person I've spoken to, they've all pointed out to me that they didn't know much about investing when they started. But over time, they've increased their knowledge. A lot of this was done through free resources as well online.
Kyle Caldwell:And as a result, they become more and more confident about making their own investment decisions and running their own portfolios. One person I spoke to last year who, at the time, recently became an IC Millionaire. He's in his mid fifties, so younger than our average IC Millionaire age. He described it as like completing a marathon, and I thought that was a great metaphor. So he said to me, investing is a marathon, not a sprint.
Kyle Caldwell:Over time, it's the tortoise, not the hare that wins the race. Becoming an ice millionaire was a source of pride. I'm not a big earner, and I've not inherited mega books. Becoming an IC millionaire has been achieved through the miracle of compounding from investing early and contributing as much as possible. That really touches on the point you just made, Myron, about its time in the market, not timing the market, and making the maximum use of the ISO allowance if you can over the long term.
Kyle Caldwell:We're gonna talk more about the wonders of compound interest as well as running through some numbers that Myron has crunched that show how much is needed to to put into stocks and shares ISA at different ages in an attempt to become an ISA millionaire. But before we get to all that, Maran, there are key elements that have led to this small or growing number of investors that become IC millionaires. And those key elements are time, patience, and investment compounding. So could you run through each of those three ingredients, which I know you do describe as the not so secret sauce?
Myron Jobson:I love this part because it sounds obvious, but sometimes it's just worth saying it as it is because, you know, some people might forget time time in the market rather than timing the market. You know, two different things. Time in the market. The history has shown that the stock market has a knack of producing solid returns over a significant period of time. We always say, you know, in the industry that you should invest for at least five years, you know, to give time for the inevitable ups and downs in stock market to smooth over for a good return, a nice smooth return over the longer period.
Myron Jobson:So this is what our ISO millionaires have benefited from time in the market. Patience, you know, sometimes investing requires patience, especially ignoring short term noise. We have plenty of it recently, haven't we, with, you know, Trump tariffs and all that affecting, the stock market. But over again, investing is a long term game. So over the long term, we have to have patience to write out these these noise, these little, jitters in the stock markets for the smooth return over long term.
Myron Jobson:So patience is important and compound is something that apparently Albert Einstein has reported to say that is the eighth wonder of the world. I don't know why everyone says that. You know, was someone there quoting him? I don't know. But, it it is incredible.
Myron Jobson:Interest on interest returns on returns over the years. This amounts to a significant portion. So, yeah, it's really important. I think this all teaches us that the earlier you start investing, the better it is and the greater chance of building a really decent portfolio over time.
Kyle Caldwell:You just touched on the Albert Einstein quote, Myron. Whether or not it is authentic, I think it's a great way to get the message out there to people of the importance of compounding, which as you've just touched on, it's how investment returns themselves, generates future gains, and over time, there's a snowball effect, which can help grow your wealth over the long term. Just to add one more ingredient to your list, Myron, I think, you know, an important thing to grow wealth over the long term is to make shrewd investment choices. And it goes without saying if you make smarter investment decisions and you have higher returns, then your money will grow and work harder for you over the long term. I also think it's important to take an appropriate amount of risk.
Kyle Caldwell:I do think there's a danger when you you know, someone's in their twenties or their thirties that they play it too safe, that that they're too cautious? And for example, when you first invest in a pension, if you don't select the funds yourself, you'll be put into a default pension fund. And in some instances, you'll be put into a balanced managed multi asset funds. If you're in your twenties or your thirties, you've got a lot of time there for your money to grow over the long term, and you don't necessarily need to have exposure to bonds at that moment in time. And that's what a multi asset fund will give you.
Kyle Caldwell:It'll typically give you 60% in shares and 40% in bonds. And another thing I point out, as your portfolio grows over time, you may be tempted to increase the number of fund holdings, but I think it's important to have a manageable amount of funds in your portfolio. If you have too many funds, you can fall into the trap of over diversifying, and it's also just harder to manage. You know, the more the more funds you have, the more time it's gonna take you to be on top of how they're performing. And if you're investing in actively managed funds, keep an eye on whether the same fund manager is in place and whether the investment strategy is the same as it was when you first bought the funds.
Kyle Caldwell:Anything further to add, Myron?
Myron Jobson:No. I think they're all great. I think I'll add, it's important to keep an eye on how much you're going to invest. So keep investment fees low. So fees may seem small, but over time, they can take a serious bite out of your return.
Myron Jobson:So when I say fees, I mean, platform charges, fund management fees, and also trading fees, cost of buying and selling investments. They all add up over time. So it's really important to keep keep a keen eye on these fees. Also, this might sound simple, but it's really important point to make, I think, is you have to stay disciplined and don't be swayed by market noise. You know, markets, as I said earlier, they rise and fall, but knee jerk reaction, really, really pays off.
Myron Jobson:So a patient consistent approach investing regularly through the ups and downs tend to yield better results in trying to time the market.
Kyle Caldwell:So, Aron, as mentioned, you've done some number crunching into how long it'll take various age groups to become an IC millionaire. So could you talk us through all this?
Myron Jobson:Yeah. Sure. I mean, crunched these numbers so I thought, for personally, I want to find out how how long it would take me to put up nights and millionaires. So what we did, based on our calculations, they assumed a 5%, annual investment growth on the initial contributions. And then these contributions are then increased by 2% a year, 2%.
Myron Jobson:We chose a 2% figure, to align with the Bank of England's two percent inflation target, annual inflation target. And, also, we assume that the investments will be made at the start of each year. And so we looked at so based on these assumptions, we looked at how people across different ages would have to, top up the ISA each year to actually achieve that million pound pop by just before they reached the state pension retirement age, which is 66. So until they reach 65, and we calculate that a 25 year old will need to invest £6,000 in their first year, increasing their contributions in contributions, sorry, annually by 2%, leading to a total contribution of just over £362,000 to become an ISA millionaire. And for someone who's 35 years old, they will need to start with £11,400 contribution for the first year.
Myron Jobson:And the four year old will need to begin with 16,400 for the first year. And I suppose it shows that when it comes to becoming ISO millionaire, it's a lot easier if you can start at a younger age. The earlier you start, the easier it is to achieve that that magical 7 figure ISO pot.
Kyle Caldwell:So that data model, and it really does hammer a home to me the importance of investing as early as possible as you can in order to maximize the power of compounding. The longer that you have compounding working for you, then you don't have to put in as much. Somebody someone who then starts ten or twenty years later than yourself. You've done all the research in the past, Myron, on compounds, and I was just hoping that you could run through this because I think it really also does help to tangibly get across how compounds and snowballs over the long term. This was the research you did in relation to someone investing £250 a month into an investment return of 5% a year.
Kyle Caldwell:And then if they carried on doing that over time, you worked out how long it would be when the investment returns pay for themselves.
Myron Jobson:Yeah. That's right. So yeah. So so I want to invest in £250 a month into an investment return of 5% a year. Wouldn't they experience an investment gain of £83?
Myron Jobson:So this is on £3,000 social contribution. So the this investment growth accounts for just under 3% in year one, and this rises to over 5% in year two and almost 14% by year five. But by year ten, investment growth will make up 30% of the portfolio. And over twenty years, it will make up 72% of the portfolio. And then there's some called the investment tipping point, and this happens at year 26 when investment growth account for a 5% of the portfolio.
Myron Jobson:And this turns £78,000 worth of yearly contributions over the period into a hundred and £60,000. So it just shows the power of compounding and the power of investing regularly.
Kyle Caldwell:I think that's great research, Martin. I think the investment tipping points example that you've given, I think, really does show the power of compounding over the long term. Let's now move on to in terms of habits, what are ISA millionaires have in common? So one of the things that they have in common, Myron, is that they do tend to be early days ISA investors, meaning that they try and maximize their allowance at the start of the new tax year.
Myron Jobson:Yeah. Exactly. I think around a third of ISA subscriptions are made at the start of new tax years. So this is between period of the April 6 to the April, and it really does show that they like to start early. And I suppose it gives that extra time for compounding to do its thing.
Kyle Caldwell:Yeah. I think that's the main benefit, Martin, is that, you know, if you invest at the start of the tax year, then you've got a an extra year of it working as much as it can for you as opposed to being a a last minute investor towards the end of the tax year. You've not had that year. I also think it helps investors potentially not make last minute hasty decisions if they, you know, if they if they've, you know, they've been waiting to use the allowance and they're just trying to get the money in to use the allowance before the start of of a new tax year. They may make an investment decision that they may end up regretting.
Kyle Caldwell:Although, I do think if you're in that situation and you just wanna, you know, put money into the ISA to use some of the allowance before the end of a tax year, then you could put it into something like a money market funds just as for, like, a holding period until you then decide where you want to invest. Another thing the ISO millionaires have in common, Myron, is that they are typically very active in terms of making changes to the portfolios.
Myron Jobson:Yeah. So our ice millionaires, they made an average of 32 active trades per year. I suppose what that shows is that our ice millionaires perhaps like a bargain. Perhaps they see there's changes in the market. They might see an investment that for whatever reason isn't doing too well.
Myron Jobson:And so they think, right, this is an opportunity to buy buy low. Right? So old investment maxim is buy low, sell high, and this shows that this is something that's
Kyle Caldwell:not lost on our ISO millionaires. So, Marron, we've discussed the key ingredients that the ISO millionaires have, some of the traits that they have. Let's now move on to how they invest. So firstly, Maarten, in terms of the type of investments, how do ISA millionaires invest versus non ISA millionaires?
Myron Jobson:Yeah. So like our broader ISA customer base, investment trust equities and funds are the most popular asset classes among our ISO millionaires. But their portfolio weightens weightings differ slightly. So investment trust, for example, they account for 41% of the average portfolio for an II ISO millionaire, and this compares to 34% among II's broad ISO base. Equities, 35% for ISO millionaires versus 26%.
Myron Jobson:And just one more, let's do funds. Funds 30 accounts for 13%, of our average ISO millionaire, portfolios compared to 22% among our broader, II ISO customer cohort. So, you know, that's that's quite significant difference.
Kyle Caldwell:I totally agree, Myron. That is a significant gap in terms of ISO millionaires holding more in investment trusts over funds. For me, you know, I think while investment trust, they are more complicated than funds for investors to initially get their heads around, once you've done your research, they're actually not that complicated, and they have certain bells and whistles that private investors can use to their advantage. Among those advantages are the fact that you can buy an investment trust on a cheap. So there's two layers of activity.
Kyle Caldwell:An investment trust has a share price, and it has a net asset value, which reflects the value of the underlying investments held by the investment trust. Some investment trusts trade on a discount, which means that the share price is below what the net asset value is worth. And when that happens, then you have a great opportunity to buy on the cheap. And over time, if the share price and the net asset value move closer together, then you will see the performance of your investments improve as a result of that. Another advantage is that investment trusts can gear or borrow to invest.
Kyle Caldwell:Now this does mean that they are more volatile than funds. However, over the long term, gearing can be beneficial if it is used utilized successfully and if over the long term, it is a rising market. And another advantage to mention is simply the structure. The investment trust, they have a fixed pool of assets. So as mentioned, there's two layers of activity.
Kyle Caldwell:A fixed number of shares is issued. This raises a fixed amount of money for the full managed to invest in a portfolio of assets. And then the other layer of activity is that an investment trust has a share price that's traded on the London Stock Exchange, and that share price fluctuates according to demand and supply. But what happens with investment trusts is the fact that the fund managers does not have to sell or buy shares, depending on whether they are attracting or losing investors. And arguably, this means that a full manager can take more of a long term view in running the portfolio.
Kyle Caldwell:Whereas with funds, open ended funds or unit trusts as they are structured, if there's a dramatic increase in either investors putting their money into a funds or investors taking money out of their funds, then the full manager has to deal with that. If a lot of investors are taking their money out all at once, then the full manager has to sell some of the investments in the funds in order to raise cash to give investors their money back. On the other hand, if there's a lot of money going into into a fund all at once at the same time, then the full manager has to deal with that as well. They have to then invest the money accordingly. Whereas with investment trusts, the full managers do not have to deal with those situations.
Kyle Caldwell:Sticking with investment trusts, there was some recent research by the association of investment companies, which is the trade body for the investment trust industry. So we found that there were a total of 50 investment trusts that would have made investors more than £1,000,000 if they invested the full ISO allowance from 1999 to 2024 in the same investment trust each year. Its research found that Ford Investment Trust would have made investors more than £2,000,000. Now it's highly unlikely that anyone would have adopted this strategy. And to be honest, in doing so, you wouldn't spread your risk enough, and you wouldn't have had enough diversification.
Kyle Caldwell:So I do think with this data, it should be taken with a large pinch of salt. But nonetheless, it does show that serious wealth can be made if you're patient and invest for the long haul. So the research found that investing a sum of just over £325,000 over a fifteen year time period and then reinvesting the dividends you'd have made over £2,000,000 tax free when investing in any of the four top performers, which are Allianz Technology Trust, HG Capital Trust, Polar Capital Technology, and Scottish Mortgage. Marron, let's end by discussing the most popular investments with our ISA millionaires. So could you run through the top 10 and pick out some key trends?
Myron Jobson:Yeah. Sure. I should mention that ISA millionaires, as we we said earlier, they like they have diversified portfolios. When I say diversified, it's diversified over assets and also by regions, but they do have some investments that stand out for them. So when we say most held these, most popular, these are the the investments that are most held by volumes by our IC millionaires, and they tend to favor dividend paying UK blue chip stocks.
Myron Jobson:So these type of investments, they account for eight of their top 10 most held investments, again, by volume among our IC millionaires. So example of these companies, which are in the top 10 of shares, held are Legal and General, Aviva, BP, National Grid, Lloyd's Banking Group, and Shell. Also, some Verizon millionaires have reaped the benefits of exposure to what has been a burgeon tech sector in The US. And they got this exposure through Scottish Mortgage, which is also in the top 10 list. But the income theme, I have to say, Carl, is the one that really clearly shines the brightest among the shrewd investors.
Kyle Caldwell:And I think that reflects the fact, Martin, that the average age of an interactive investor, ICMillionaire, is 73.
Myron Jobson:Oh, certainly does.
Kyle Caldwell:Yep. So therefore, will likely be retired and using their investments to pay themselves an income to help fund their retirement spending. In terms of the two investment trusts that are in the top 10, which are Alliance Witten and Scottish Mortgage, both are polar opposites in terms of approach and risk. So Alliance Witten, I describe it as one of a steady eddy investment type. It's a global multi manager strategy in which it asks a selection of external for managers to pick 20 of their best idea stocks, and it's managed by Willis Towers Watson.
Kyle Caldwell:Scottish Mortgage, on the other hand, it invests in disruptive growth companies that are listed on the stock market, and it also has around a quarter of its portfolio in private companies, which resell investors, of course, cannot buy themselves. And just to give you a flavor of its approach, its top three holdings are Elon Musk's SpaceX, Amazon, and Latin American ecommerce giants, MercadoLibre. Scottish Mortgage, it's posted a strong past twelve months of gains, and this is due to the fact that optimism over the potential of artificial intelligence has spread through markets. But as you alluded to earlier, Myron, has been a volatile couple of weeks, particularly for some technology companies in light of concerns over US President Donald Trump's trade wars. However, just bear in mind with Scottish Mortgage that it it is a higher risk investment type.
Kyle Caldwell:And over three years, for example, its returns are less impressive. And this is due to the fact that its investment style fell out of favor due to interest rates rising. But over the long term, it has been a solid performer and it's rewarded investors that have a high risk appetite. My thanks to Myron, and thank you for listening to this episode of On the Money. If you enjoyed it, please follow the show in your podcast app and do tell a friend about it.
Kyle Caldwell:If you get a chance, leave us a review or a rating in your podcast app too. You can join the conversation, ask questions to tell us what you'd like to talk about via email on 0cm@ii.co.uk. And in the meantime, you can find more information and practical pointers on how to get the most out of your investments on the interactive investor website at ii.co.uk, and I'll see you next week.