S0524 - Meleches Shabbos - (Klal 20 Siman 8) - Bishul - 27 - Ain Bishul Acher Bishul - 7_ Liquids - 3

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Bishul 27 - Ain Bishul Acher Bishul - 7; Liquids 3 (Klal 20 Siman 8) S0524

We are continuing in siman 8, discussing the concept of bishul achar bishul for a davar lach. The opinion of the Rema is that if the davar lach has cooled completely, it cannot be reheated on Shabbos and we apply the concern of yesh bishul achar bishul. On the other hand, if it is still considered warm enough that people who want a hot food consider it as warm enough to enjoy the heat, one could reheat it to yad soledes bo. Today, we will discuss how to understand the logic of the Rema.

One approach to understanding the Rema is that the Rema inherently holds ain bishul achar bishul for a davar lach. Therefore, as long as the food is fully cooked, there is no issue reheating it. However, if it is obvious that one is performing an act of reheating, because the food is currently cold, we are going to be machmir out of a concern that people will think it is bishul, since it is harder to tell whether a davar lach has already been cooked or whether it is still raw. If the food is already warm when it is reheated, people will not mistake the reheating for bishul, because it appears more cooked. This is the approach of Rav Moshe Feinstein, in Igros Moshe, and appears to be the approach of the Mishnah Berurah as well.

However, the Magen Avraham seems to understand the Rema in a different manner. The Magen Avraham, in the halachos of shehiya and chazarah, writes it is an issur deoraysa to reheat such a food, due to bishul achar bishul. On the other hand, the Rema says that as long as it has not fully cooled, it is not assur, so there is clearly an issur deoraysa involved.
The Pri Megadim suggests that we will learn about the question of bishul achar tzli or afiya, and vice versa. It is a machlokes whether bishul achar tzli or afiya is an issur deoraysa or not. The Taz explains that since the determining concept of bishul is the chashivus of the impact of bishul on the food, the rishonim who hold bishul achar tzli is assur hold that changing a food from cooked to roasted is a significant enough change to be considered bishul.
Similarly, over here, even though the davar lach in question is fully cooked, since a davar lach is generally eaten hot, taking the davar lach from cold to hot has an element of meleches machsheves to it. Therefore, one is chayav for bishul achar bishul. On the other hand, a davar yaveish is usable and edible when it is cold, so the change from cold to hot is not as significant.
Similarly, a davar lach which is already considered warm, even if not yad soledes bo, is arguably usable as-is in its current condition. Therefore, the Rema holds ain bishul achar bishul and that it is muttar to reheat a davar lach which is already warm.

There may be some practical differences depending on these understandings. We will discuss those differences in the upcoming shiur, be’ezras Hashem.

Summary
Bishul achar bishul regarding a davar lach will depend on the state of the food. If the food is anywhere between maachal ben derusai and mevushal kol tzorcho, we are machmir for bishul achar bishul to cook it further.
However, if it is fully cooked, as long as it has not cooled to room temperature, it will not be assur to return it to the heat source.
This is known as chazara, and is only muttar when a few other criteria are met.