Navigating creative pest management and late-season disease updates

Anthony Hanson and Dean Malvick talk about creative pest management and late-season issues.

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Join the University of Minnesota Extension Crops team in addressing all your crop-related questions this growing season, from soil fertility, agronomics, pest management and more. We will tackle issues as they arise to help you make better crop management decisions this season.

Ryan Miller: 00:00

Alright. Well, welcome back, everybody. I'm Ryan Miller, crops educator here with the crops team, at the University of Minnesota Extension. Today, we've got two guests with us, Anthony Hanson and Dean Malvick. We thought we'd talk a little bit about some late season issues.

Ryan Miller: 00:18

This is the last, session of the season here for the Field Notes, Strategic Farming Field Notes. We are in the process currently of planning our winter season, which is Strategic Farming, let's talk crops session. But we wanna thank our sponsors. They've been very good to us as far as helping to to sponsor the program. So Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council and Minnesota Corn Promotion Council.

Ryan Miller: 00:44

Thank you so much, for the season. And with that, I think we were talking initially here, Anthony. You know, you most recently were at FarmFest, and there are a lot of, things coming up as far as unique, crop protection or crop pest management techniques as well as, a big discussion around, soybean aphids. And we're kinda at that point in the season where we start to see the soybean aphids start to redistribute in the state. And we also kinda enter that phase where the plants become a good host, and we start to see populations potentially climb.

Ryan Miller: 01:25

So just kinda wanted to have Anthony address, you know, what they've been hearing as far as soybean aphids and and what people are out doing.

Anthony Hanson: 01:38

Yeah. So thanks, Ryan. One program we have, especially in Western Minnesota, this is with the Minnesota soybean growers as well. We do have a few scouts going across the state a bit, and I'd say about very end of July, we're maybe seeing 10 aphids per plant on average. Very hard to find anything higher than that.

Anthony Hanson: 01:56

And then last week, especially around kinda Kandiyohi County, we're hearing some reports. But then especially as you get further in kinda South Central Minnesota, I was seeing reports of maybe about a 100 aphids per plant. Apparently, some reports of people hitting thresholds who so 250 aphids per plant. A lot of the fields I've been seeing kinda in that 50 to maybe around a 100 aphids per plant range, but that was over just a week or two we're seeing that population change. So there's potential for these populations to increase pretty quick here, especially as we're getting into these cooler days in August where they're doing a little better compared to when we're hitting those 90 degree days with warm nights that were they maybe weren't growing quite as fast.

Anthony Hanson: 02:39

But the other caution I wanna have with that one is we are getting towards the end of August, and that's where this gets to be kind of a really tough decision. Basically, populations might be increasing, but they should be leaving those soybeans pretty soon for buckthorn. I always tell folks, you know, kind of about the end of August is when that happens. It varies. So kinda keep an eye on the aphids if those populations are still increasing.

Anthony Hanson: 03:03

If we're getting, you know, another week out here, maybe you're looking at insecticide applications. But as those plants mature, then that 250 threshold actually gets bumped up higher just because the plants couldn't tolerate quite a few more aphids. So challenging time here to make those decisions. So a lot of cases, I'm just telling folks just kinda wait it out a little bit, but if it's starting to look like it's severe, that's where we maybe might be looking at an insecticide application.

Ryan Miller: 03:28

But Yeah. I think, Anthony, you're right on with that. I mean, we're kinda, you know, seeing some cooler temperatures. I know the last few days for us have been kinda warm and muggy during the day, but overnight, we're getting pretty cool, and the days are starting off cool. And so, you know, we've kinda got some pretty decent temperatures for for aphid reproduction when we look at, you know, where they kinda optimize their their performance as far as how fast they can replicate.

Ryan Miller: 03:54

And so it's a it's kind of a kind of a worst case scenario from our standpoint of watching it become a good case scenario for the soybean aphid. And, you know, I guess my couple of of things, you know, don't pull the trigger too early on the sprays. You know, when you've got I was in some fields a day or so ago, and we were looking at, you know, 10 to 25 aphids per plant. And it's important not to not to pull the trigger too soon just because you have some aphids. You know, we've sometimes in this time of the year, we'll see those numbers, like you said, kinda increase towards the spray threshold, then all of a sudden, they'll just disappear.

Ryan Miller: 04:32

You know? So it's it's it's, like you said, very difficult kinda time to think. But the other the other point that I think I'd like to raise, Anthony, is that, you know, if you do hit the threshold, you can't can't be scared to spray. I mean, it's it's important that you you manage a a pest. You know?

Ryan Miller: 04:51

That's what the threshold's for. And if if we're still back in reproductive phase and we're not in that r six phase and we hit that threshold, it it's your best decision based on all that data to to to make an application once you hit the threshold. So maybe, you know, we wanna talk a little bit then about product choice. You know, I know there's there's some products that we're not really recommending due to wide scale resistance, and then there's also you know, some of our newer products are more selective. And so there are some some decent options out there where people do need to make a spray, Anthony.

Ryan Miller: 05:30

And I don't know. Do you wanna take a second, maybe talk about a couple issues?

Anthony Hanson: 05:35

Yeah. So I'm just starting off with any general product selection. You have pyrethroids. We're not recommending those, just widespread resistance for soybean aphid out there. But this is a case where some of our other insecticides like you mentioned, and we have some organophosphate options, but really it's getting into some of these newer chemistries that are pretty selective, like you said.

Anthony Hanson: 05:56

So we have a lot of good resources out there. Folks can check that out on on the extension website. One of the ones I'm hearing about a lot, though, from farmers that people ask about is kind of these creative solutions, and that's what I wanna spend a little time on. So you might hear about sugar applications, and this was kind of a new one to me as I started exploring it. I didn't realize it was a little bit controversial for some folks that are hearing about this.

Anthony Hanson: 06:23

But the idea and you'll hear about this on the Internet a lot. And the challenge for those of us in extension, land grant universities, we're wondering, okay, where's the data on some of these things? Applying sugar as an insecticide, that's the general idea. The premise behind it is sometimes people will say, well, if you spray it on the plants, insects or especially aphids will basically get diabetic and die. You'll see claims like that on the Internet.

Anthony Hanson: 06:47

And doesn't really line up very well the way insects work. Aphids can basically shut sugar out their system. They're basically designed to be able to handle high sugar concentrations. So that one doesn't hold too much water. The other one I'll hear about is basically raising the bricks content or sugar content of the plant itself.

Anthony Hanson: 07:10

And I should backtrack a little bit. Part of the reason people are looking at this because it sounds like it works. You'll hear a lot of claims about that, but then also it's really cheap. So something cheap that hopefully works. I mean, that's what we're all looking for.

Anthony Hanson: 07:26

But in this case, I actually went and dug through a lot of data, trying to see if there are any field trials, figuring out, okay, does if you have higher bricks content at these plants, do you actually see drops in insect populations? And that's kind of the premise behind that one. And I couldn't find anything substantiating that. In most cases, either population levels were just the same across the board. Maybe sometimes you actually had higher insect populations, and that tracks a little bit just because healthier plants, they might have stronger defenses, but they also might be more attracted to insects because there's just more nutrients in the plant.

Anthony Hanson: 08:02

So it's not quite as cut and dry as you might see if you're reading Internet forums or other things on this topic a little bit. So it's kind of an interesting interesting one to navigate. I'd like to see more data on that one, but from the trials I've been able to find or any kind of research going on, whether it's field crops or other areas, it doesn't look like that one actually has any support from the data I'm seeing.

Ryan Miller: 08:27

Yeah. I think, Anthony, you're out of something there. This is, like, something that if I go way back, know, when when we first started managing aphids, you know, a few years in, folks were kinda looking at mixing baking sugar in with with their spray solutions. And, you know, I I don't know. Like you said, I don't know about replicated, data or whatever, but I do know that from some of the trials that were being done with different products, getting the most effective insecticide was kind of the way to go.

Ryan Miller: 09:01

You know? There there were differences amongst the different products in terms of their performance, and now we've got these resistance issues to deal with. And so getting that product that works, you know, is important. And then the other big thing is, you know, it's a challenging time of year to get, product onto the plant. And so doing things just kinda set yourself up for success with regards to getting good coverage with insecticide, and we don't have time to go into that today.

Ryan Miller: 09:30

But there are a lot of things you can do, with your spray system to kinda make those adjustments to get that correct product into the canopy where it needs to be. And so so I think that's that's important to note that some of these kind of fringe ideas don't necessarily replace, you know, just using the best management practice that that we know confidently can can work. And so you, mentioned another thing that came up at Farming:Fest, Anthony. Folks looking at hydrogen peroxide in soybeans, and what was that about?

Anthony Hanson: 10:06

Yeah. So it's kinda one of these other creative pest solutions where kind of on its premise, you'll hear hear people kinda the the pitch with that one that they'll kinda mention to us wondering if there's validity behind it is applying hydrogen peroxide that it might prevent white mold by basically preventing entry on the plant through the flowers. You think about hydrogen peroxide. If it was highly concentrated, you're risking losing some yield. I think they're talking about lower concentrations in this case here.

Anthony Hanson: 10:35

And this is another one where I was just kinda curious and thinking, well, you'd think someone must have tried some field trials in this one. It looks like over in North Dakota, NDSU, they actually did back in 2023. So this is one where, basically, they're looking at irregular fungicides and then adding in hydrogen peroxide into the mix as well. And pretty much across the board, your non treated control plots, yep, you had a higher percent of white mold, lower yield. But as you got into those fungicide treatments and then looking at, hydrogen peroxide, it really looks like that hydrogen peroxide didn't have any effect.

Anthony Hanson: 11:12

Or if it did, it maybe slightly reduced the amount of white mold, but you didn't see any yield differences whatsoever. So this is one where kinda going back to, yeah, it might be cheap, but it's not necessarily protecting the crop at all either. So, yeah, it's one where it looks like fungicides, those are working pretty well in some cases if you get the timing right. But this hydrogen peroxide, even if everything else was lined up to hopefully put it in good conditions where it would otherwise be able to work if it had some efficacy, it didn't look like that panned out there. So, yeah, I think that's kind of this question we're getting a lot of these, especially in kind of the current farm economy, like, what's cheaper for inputs out there that might work for things we maybe haven't heard of too much.

Anthony Hanson: 11:56

So that's just my caution is if you ever do run across something that either it sounds too good to be true or it's just new and you haven't heard of it, try to see if there are any field trials out there between any of the universities out there around here because usually, I've been able to pull up a few things at least to show, okay, is this something that holds any water, or is it something that looks like that just doesn't pan out? That seems to be the case for hydrogen peroxide here too.

Ryan Miller: 12:21

And I I see Dean has joined us now, and I know Dean's got a lot of experience while he's our old crop pathologist. But Dean has done a lot of work with some of the fungicide applications and timing with regards to to white mold. And I I Dean, if you wanted to make just a couple of comments. I think based on what I remember of your your work off off the hat cuff here is that, you know, we're probably in that window now. We're we're we're outside of the kind of the optimal application timing with regards to you know, our crop is, probably r four to r five, for for a lot of the state, I would guess.

Ryan Miller: 13:03

And and so we're kind of kinda getting out of that window of being able to manage white mold. But I know there there are some products and product timings that can work to kinda help reduce white mold.

Dean Malvick: 13:22

Yeah. Good good morning. Good morning, everybody. Yeah. Thinking about white mold on on soybeans, this this would be the time it would typically start to show up.

Dean Malvick: 13:30

We'd start to see the symptoms. In fact, we're seeing it now in our white mold study that we have near Saint Paul. As far as fungicide applications, you know, we used to say r one was an optimal time, but I think I think we've shifted that more toward r two now. That that's probably a single optimal timing for for most fungicide applications. But that, of course, means that we'll we're well beyond that for most soybeans in Minnesota.

Dean Malvick: 13:56

So we don't have much chance anymore to protect them and and help manage white mold with fungicide applications. But it is a disease now to start looking for to see if it's developing in in the crop.

Ryan Miller: 14:08

So I I think, Dean, that's a real important fact to me. And this this kinda late season later season, I guess, scouting and and looking at the healthier soybean crop can be very important for making sort of future management decisions. And so white mold being one of those because, you know, you've got the opportunity to maybe use a fungicide next time you're planting soybeans or maybe prioritize selection of a variety, you know, that might be more resistant to white mold if you do have some of these issues. So for a grower that's out there, what are they I mean, most people are familiar with this, but what are they looking for for if they're scouting through through white mold? What are they gonna see, I guess?

Dean Malvick: 14:52

Yeah. For white mold, it's it's one of the easier diseases to to recognize and and diagnose because at this point in time, you know, for example, in the field, the plants that we saw, which are gonna see plants die or branches on the plants die. So you see dead leaves out in the field. Now that's not the only thing that's killing leaves, but if we go out there and there's been enough moisture, can see the white fuzzy growth on the side of the stem typically. So it's a really characteristic sign symptom of the disease.

Dean Malvick: 15:22

Well, we're talking about soybean diseases now. White mold isn't the only thing that we're looking for, we should be looking for. This is a time when sudden death syndrome syndrome starts to show up. Up. Again, it's showing up in our white in our studies in, Rosemount.

Dean Malvick: 15:36

I heard a report yesterday of it being found down near Waseca County. So it's the second week of August is is kind of a common time for it to start to show up in areas where we've had enough rain this summer. So that's a disease to watch for. Again, like like most of our diseases, this time of the year, we have no curative action we can take. But like Ryan said, it can help us make decisions for the future.

Dean Malvick: 16:03

There are steps we can take, for example, seed treatments that add an expense. But if they're if they'll be beneficial, if there's a reason to use them to manage SDS, they can be be very effective. So we don't wanna use those everywhere, I would guess for most folks. So, again, scouting and finding out where SDS, Sundust syndrome, is occurring and where it occurs over the years is certainly helpful in deciding management decisions, not only seed treatments, but varieties of them. And, while we're on the topic of soybeans, that foliar symptom with the interveinal chlorosis and necrosis that's so typical with SDS also is very, similar for brown stem rot.

Dean Malvick: 16:48

So keep that in mind. Those diseases are widespread across the state now and look very similar on the top of the plant if if we see that symptom. You know, we have to go further and look at more if we wanna distinguish those two diseases. And the last thing, while we're on the topic of soybeans, I wanna bring this up. I think many of you are aware a new disease is developing in the Midwest called red crown rot.

Dean Malvick: 17:14

It's been found in Minnesota as a blast a year ago in the Southwest Corner. So if you read the Ag news, you can see that in Illinois now, it's widespread across a big swath of the state causing some significant concern. It's been spreading there and known for about eight years. Spreading more now in Indiana as well. So like I said, we've only found it in one field in Minnesota, but it's likely that it's in more than one field too, although we have yet to confirm that.

Dean Malvick: 17:46

So we are sending out a request for samples. If anybody suspects they see red crown rot, please let us know and we can look at the samples and determine if it's red crown rot. So what do you look for? The tops of the plants can look identical in terms of the symptomology to SDS and brown stem rot, meaning interveinal chlorosis and necrosis. You look lower on the plant at the soil line and just above it, it's usually a characteristic reddish discoloration.

Dean Malvick: 18:18

Now sometimes it's just rhizoctonia. In fact, in the plant disease clinic here, last week got a sample in, somebody thought it was red crown rot, it turned out to be SDS plus rhizoctonia. Nonetheless, unless we look closely, we're not going to know. So we welcome samples. We really wanna get a handle on how far this disease has spread across Minnesota.

Ryan Miller: 18:42

Well, that's that's good because, you know, we were talking about initially when we started today. We're out scouting aphids for these late season insect management decisions, and it's kinda in a situation where we can kill two birds with one stone. If we're out looking at plants for insects, it's you know, go look for diseases and make notes on where you're seeing. And then like you said, Dean, you know, there's opportunity if you're not confident with the identification in the field that you can use our our plant disease clinic to help make a more positive confirmation of what you're seeing in the field, whether it's brown stem rod or SDS or this new red crown rot, certainly could be an option. Maybe just if we go back to our more frequently or more well distributed two diseases, brown stem rot and Sundaeve syndrome, probably the longest history with brown stem rot and Sundaeve, a little bit newer in terms of the state and but, clearly, the most distributed diseases when we talk about all three.

Ryan Miller: 19:47

How do I if I'm looking at those two foliar symptoms, what are the ways to kinda distinguish between the two if we had to describe that for folks?

Dean Malvick: 19:58

Yeah. Yeah. There's lots of information out there. But what I'd just say right now is if we take pull the plant up and if we split the stem, brown stem rot will have characteristic brown discoloration in the pith in the center of the stem. It's usually focused on the nodes, but it can extend all the way from the soil line or even below the soil line.

Dean Malvick: 20:20

I hope SDS don't have that brown discoloration. Although, just so you know, plants can have both SDS and brown stem rot at the same time.

Ryan Miller: 20:29

And they there were two types of brown stem rot. Right, Dean? As far as sometimes it doesn't exhibit the the the foliar symptoms that could be confused with sudden death?

Dean Malvick: 20:41

That that's right. The brown stem rot that only causes the stem browning is widespread in the state, and you don't see symptoms on the leaves, at least not clear symptoms. So that's something to keep in mind. If we really wanna know how much brown stem rot is out there, we have to go and take plants and split them. I can't tell by looking at the tops alone.

Ryan Miller: 21:02

So when you're out doing aphid scouting, don't forget your pocket knife so that you can look at the pith and and see how healthy those plants are. Because until we're through the field with the combine, we won't know, and then it's too late to identify if that was one of the underlying issues of a yield reduction, I suppose. So, Dean, as far as the state, are there places that are at higher risk of of either the two brown stem rod or sudden sudden death? I mean, is it, you know, is it a geographic thing, or is it more of an environmental thing, as far as where we're gonna see it from from year to year?

Dean Malvick: 21:45

Well, brown stem rot is seems pretty widespread across the state, most soybean growing areas. SDS, as many as you know, was first found in the early two thousands around Owatonna, and it's it that's still kind of a focal area, but there's been more and more of it over in West Central Minnesota. Very little has been found yet in the Red River Valley, although there's no reason to think it couldn't be there. We just haven't found many confirmed samples North of North Of Morehead, for example. So we think it's likely there, and it's been found in North Dakota all the way up to the virtually the Canadian border, not too far from Grand Forks.

Dean Malvick: 22:25

So it's it's SDS is widespread across much of the state. But but your point, Brian, about when it when it shows up, is it mainly where it is or is environmental conditions? It's mostly environmental conditions. I think the pathogen is pretty widespread in our soils, I suspect. And where we see it from year to year is where the weather conditions are favorable for it to develop.

Dean Malvick: 22:48

Yeah.

Ryan Miller: 22:49

And and weather conditions, I'm always I guess if I'm thinking back to some of the things you said, it's some of these heavier early season rainfalls can be an issue, you know, saturated soils and a history of the disease. Is that kind of the the way to think about it? Or is.

Dean Malvick: 23:11

Yeah. We need we need adequate rainfall throughout the season. You know? We don't need saturating, soaking, flooding rains, but we need enough rain to support good soybean production and good soybean growth. And so we've seen cases where, know, you we have we've actually irrigated done irrigated studies where we irrigate up to say middle of July and stop.

Dean Malvick: 23:34

Other plots continue through the end of August. We'd only see SDS in those plots that continued irrigation through August. So we need moisture throughout at least the middle of August, we think. Even though the infection occurs early in the season for SDS, we need moisture enough to support against good soybean growth at least through the middle of August.

Ryan Miller: 23:57

Okay. So good to know for folks out there scouting kind of that kind of kind of increasing your your risk or whatnot. So Liz brought up the point here, Dean. You mentioned Red Crown not being new and that you're exploring, trying to find samples, and kinda get a handle on where this distribution might be at. If people are in that scenario, where should they send those samples to, and how should they kinda note that that's what they they think they're they've got?

Dean Malvick: 24:31

Yes. So there's there's two things to consider here. So we always have the plant disease clinic at the University of Minnesota in Saint Paul for plant disease diagnosis. Now this year we are funding my laboratory from the Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council to help understand this right crown dot disease. So this year we can cover the cost for diagnosis if they're sent to my lab.

Dean Malvick: 24:53

So they can be sent to me at the Department of Plant Pathology at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul. If you have questions and trying to decide whether it's worth sending it in or not, feel free to send me some good clear pictures, both the top of the plant and the crown of the plant and and the roots, and then we can help decide if it's worth sending samples in. But if you really think it could be, just go ahead and send $3.04, 5¢ plants. We would very much like I'll appreciate say one more thing that on the plants that we've seen with red crown rut, they had very severely rotted roots, more so than we often see with SDS.

Dean Malvick: 25:33

Although we wanna know more if that's common or not. Okay.

Ryan Miller: 25:38

And, usually, the recommendation, Dean, is to kinda send in a range of plants from the the maybe really affected to not so affected so you can have kind of a range of symptomology. Is that the case with this red crown rot? Or

Dean Malvick: 25:55

It would be. Yeah. We we prefer plants that aren't completely dead and and degrading. That those are harder to work with for sure. Okay.

Ryan Miller: 26:05

So one thing that, we need to bring up here is, the last week or so, we've started to see some more foliar disease action in in corn. Now we're getting quite late. If we look at across the state, at least the southern part, I mean, lot of corn, tasseled early July, some in mid, July, and then a little bit later. But a lot of the crop's gonna be that early to mid July. So, you know, we're thirty days out from from pollination and and started kernel set.

Ryan Miller: 26:40

And so we're we're pretty far into the reproductive phase. And so, you know, at this point, some of those foliar diseases become you know, or have less potential, I would say, to to cause issue, particularly, if we're just starting to see, some of these. And so maybe, if we can make a couple comments you know, both Southern Rust for sure and then our spot, which which we know we we see every year here in in Minnesota to some extent when we're at least in the Southeast part of the state. But what are what are your thoughts with those those two diseases and and where we're at and what people should be thinking about or maybe doing?

Dean Malvick: 27:28

Yeah. Sure. Yeah. Obviously, we went into the season, I think, with a real big question about southern rust especially, like how big a problem would that be after the previous two years. Southern rust was a real significant issue across big part of Minnesota last year and was a significant issue the previous year as well.

Dean Malvick: 27:46

So the question was, what about this year? Now, as it's been widely said, you know, what happens previously with southern rust does not predict at all what will happen the next year because that pathogen doesn't survive here. So like you said, Ryan, it's out there. Southern rust developed this year at low levels widely across a big part of Southern Minnesota, but I've not heard any reports of any significant levels. So and we're beyond the point now, like you said, that we're probably have much risk of it developing to significant levels that will affect yield.

Dean Malvick: 28:22

So if anybody has examples of field situations where it has developed to real high levels, we'd like to hear about it and understand where that was. Hard spot, you mentioned again, it's widespread across Southern Central Minnesota. I'm getting lots of reports and pictures. All of them show very low levels with a few exceptions. People have found leaves heavily, a leaf or two heavily infected, which we can often find, but not entire plants from what I'm hearing.

Dean Malvick: 28:51

So again, I think we've escaped that problem. I think the hot dry weather we had throughout much of July in many places really suppressed those diseases. And for example, when I was out last week in both Rosemount and Waseca, where Southern Rust and Tar Spot were prevalent last year. They're not easy to find at all this year. So that doesn't represent the whole state, but those are just two examples.

Dean Malvick: 29:19

Northern Corn leaf blight is easier to find, but, again, they're just because they have such large lesions, those larger canoe shaped lesions, but it's also just scattered around and the plant's not severe at all.

Ryan Miller: 29:32

Yeah. Just just night and day this season versus last in in part. As far as timing of the disease severity, it's just quite remarkable to see two so different years just right right in a row. But I it's to be expected, I guess, with conditions and and and all of that and susceptibility. And so, again, probably good to get out and look and see what you're finding, but, sounds like most of us are walking out of the woods as far as risk in having to to manage any of these diseases.

Ryan Miller: 30:04

So thanks, Dean, for those comments. I do wanna mention, Anthony put in the links here in the chat, that there is this upcoming forage day this coming week on, August 18, and there's more information on that link. But it's an opportunity for folks interested in the forages to maybe attend the field event and get a real forage focused event. So bring that up here. And I know we're getting to the end of the time here.

Ryan Miller: 30:32

So, Dean, did you have any last comments? Or

Dean Malvick: 30:37

No. I think those cover the main points I wanted to make as well. I'll just say, you know, looking ahead for corn, especially in those areas that that have a really lacking rain, sometimes stock rots become very prevalent and problematic as as the crop nears maturity. So that might be something to watch for in a few weeks or a month.

Ryan Miller: 31:00

And I guess I did miss one question that came in here. A fungicide and insecticide and iron tank combination that was flown onto their corn two weeks ago because significant speckling on the corn leaves, will this affect plant yield? And and, Dean, if you're do you wanna make a comment with that, or do you want me to try to take it?

Dean Malvick: 31:23

You know, I don't I don't have a good answer to that. But if it's just minor speckling, I would guess not a lot of damage. But what what do you think, Ryan?

Ryan Miller: 31:31

Yeah. I think I think you're right on that, you know, if there wasn't a a a real phytotoxic response with the plant, I generally, these things are just kinda cosmetic with Yeah. When you make applications. It could be could be wrong because I'm not familiar with the that combination you're talking about. But, generally, where you see some

Anthony Hanson: 31:52

Mhmm.

Ryan Miller: 31:53

Yield response that's measurable, it it there tends to be a a real phytotoxic response with the plant where it it it kind of cause more severe damage, you know, above that kinda I'll just throw it out there. You know, that 15% threshold, if we're visually rating, that's kinda where we start to see see some of those things happen. But, again, it's it's difficult to cause that kinda toxicity if you're following the pesticide labels and things. And so I, yeah, I would expect it's probably gonna be pretty minor, and it's it's your potential impact on yield there and probably won't even be able to make an impact. So alright.

Ryan Miller: 32:40

With that, I want to thank everyone for attending today, and I wanna thank our sponsors again before we wrap it up here. This is the final session of the season for Strategic Farming Field Notes. So thank you, Minnesota Soybean Research and Promotion Council, as well as Minnesota Corn Research and Promotion Council. Thanks, everyone, and we'll call it a wrap.