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This episode of the World Cement Podcast is a little different from the usual as it’s the first of a two-parter where we take a look back at the closing CCUS panel discussion from this year’s EnviroTech conference.
With EnviroTech 2026 taking place in London, this year’s CCUS panel discussion placed a special focus on projects taking place in the UK, like Hynet and Peak Cluster.
To give our audience insight into these projects, Senior Editor, David Bizley, put questions to a panel of experts: Rachel Sutton, Interim CEO of Peak Cluster, Tolga Timirci, Head of Global CCUS Projects at Heidelberg Materials, and Tom Redfern, Head of Sustainability at Holcim UK.
This first episode includes an introduction to the Peak Cluster project and a discussion the surrounding the challenges and opportunities facing CCUS in the UK.
Stay tuned for part two where we take questions from the EnviroTech and World Pipelines CCS Forum audiences.
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Host
What is World Cement Podcast?
The World Cement podcast: a podcast series for professionals in the cement industry.
Hello, everyone, and welcome to another episode of the World Cement Podcast with me, your host, Alfie Lloyd-Perks, assistant editor of World Cement. Today's episode is a little different from usual as it's the first of a two parter where we take a look back at the closing CCUS panel discussion from this year's EnviroTech Conference. With EnviroTech twenty twenty six taking place in London, this year's CCUS panel discussion placed a special focus on projects taking place in The UK, like High Net and Peak Cluster. To give our audience some real expert insight into both of those, senior editor David Bizley took the stage alongside three guests. Rachel Sutton, interim CEO of Peak Cluster Tolga Timirci, head of global CCUS projects at Heidelberg Materials and Tom Redfern, head of sustainability at Holstom UK.
Alfie Lloyd-Perks:This first episode includes an introduction to the Peak Cluster project and a discussion around the challenges and opportunities facing CCUS in The UK. I hope you enjoy.
David Bizley:I just wanted to take a moment to remind you to register for World Cement. It's free of charge and gives you access to the latest issues of World Cement, both in print and online. Every issue comes packed full of regional analysis, technical articles, project case studies, and the latest industry news. Simply head over to worldcement.com, click the magazine tab, and register today. It's as simple as that.
David Bizley:Happy reading! So, let's start things off with a few introductions, particularly for our friends from the pipeline side of things. Starting with you, Tolga, tell us a bit about who you are and your involvement in carbon capture in the cement industry.
Tolga Timirci:So with Heidelberg, as I presented, we have lots of projects going on parallel at the moment, different technologies, so today lots of different suppliers has presented like Shell, Linde, Polysius, so we are working with all of them in different projects, Air Liquide, and at the moment in Pacewood, we have a FID recently developing that project, we we have signed the EPC contract, and in Brevik, Langford, Maigricht, and the projects are in operations or in commissioning phase at the moment. So we are developing lots of CCS projects in cement plants parallel worldwide.
David Bizley:And Tom, if you'd like to introduce yourself.
Tom Redfern:Yes. So it's great to be here. I'm Tom Redfern, head of sustainability for Wholesome UK. So I'm sure many of you here are familiar with Wholesome. We're the part of the Wholesome group in The UK, we're kind of 200 sites, 4,000 plus employees, but we also have one cement plant at Cooldown, which is part of the Peak Cluster project, which is obviously an amazing opportunity for us to take decarburization of cement to the next level.
David Bizley:And Rachel,
Rachel Sutton:if you'd Hi, yeah, good morning everyone. I'm Rachel Sutton, I'm here from Peak Cluster. So Peak Cluster is a joint venture that has been set up between four cement and lime manufacturers in the Peak District, and project developers Progressive Energy and some investment from Seal and National Wealth Fund, in order to develop a project which is specifically focused on capturing CO2 from those cement and lime plants, transporting that into via a single 200 kilometer pipeline across Staffordshire, Derbyshire, Cheshire and Ursyside, where it connects to an offshore system where the CO2 will be permanently stored in depleted gas reservoirs in Morecambe Bay in the East Irish Sea. For my sins as well, I was also the project manager for the High Net CO2 pipeline. So I do have some links to the Paesford project as well.
Rachel Sutton:But just to give a bit of an introduction to the Peak Cluster project itself, as I said, this is a very unique project in the sense that it's specifically designed around four emitters, all of whom are cement and lime manufacturers, and the pipeline is being designed specifically to transport around 3,000,000 tonnes a year of CO2 from those operating sites to the depleted gas reservoirs. The partnership in the project is really critical here. It gives the project a really low risk and relatively low cost opportunity to target cement for decarbonisation, and takes away some of the risk and uncertainty that has come with some of the prior CCS projects in The UK. And we're also working extremely closely with Spirit Energy, who run Morecambe Net Zero, which is the offshore storage project as well. So we really do have an integrated four chain project, right from the operating plants all the way through to the permanent storage in the East Irish Sea.
Rachel Sutton:What's also really exciting here is the opportunity that the UK government sees in us as well. So because of the importance of the Peak District to cement and lime manufacturing, currently producing about 40% of The UK cement and lime, the opportunity for these plants to be both environmentally and economically sustainable moving forwards is absolutely critical both from a regional and a national perspective. And the UK government recognises this, And they've acknowledged that with an investment of nearly £30,000,000 through a national wealth fund into the development costs of developing this project. So we really see the benefits of this both from an industrial strategy perspective, as well as a sustainability and a decarbonisation perspective as well. And it's worth saying that the Cement and Line partners are really key employers in the region as well.
Rachel Sutton:So there are many reasons for making sure we protect these industries moving forward, achieving net zero being one of those. The depleted gas reservoirs in the East Irish Sea have a capacity of about a billion tonnes of CO2. So we have plenty of CO2 storage capacity there, and there is potential for further expansion of that project as well. So it's really exciting to see this part of the project being the kind of emitter base load, making sure we have those anchor emitters in place so that we can get away with a really exciting project here. And we're delighted to be working with Holsim, but also with Buxton Lime, with Breeden, and with Tarmac to get this project away.
David Bizley:Okay. Excellent. Thank you so much. Tom, starting with you then and sort of following on from from what Rachel was talking about, what do projects like High Net and Peak Cluster tell us about how ready The UK cement sector is for large scale carbon capture?
Tom Redfern:I think The UK cement sector is ready. I think the cement sector as a whole as a whole is ready. We're seeing that, and we're seeing it happening already at cement plants in Europe, where carbon capture's happening, and it's it's real. We're seeing it happening already in The UK, and we believe that we're in a good position with scalable technology to make most of this and take full advantage.
David Bizley:Tolga, your thoughts on that?
Tolga Timirci:UK is definitely ready, so we are also bringing our know how and lessons learned from other parts of the projects in Brevik, in Edmonton, Canada or in Germany, so that we are bringing all these lessons learned here and in UK, the contractor setups and contractor combination is really good, strong contractors, technology providers, construction companies, so UK is ready to execute those projects definitely, so we are very confident.
David Bizley:Okay, and Rachel, touching on some of the things you brought up in your intro then, how important was the cluster based approach to making carbon capture viable for producers in The UK? Would it even have been possible without it?
Rachel Sutton:Certainly not in the first few clusters to get away. Clusters enabled large scale infrastructure to get away at a low risk perspective. It would be extremely difficult to justify spending the amount of CapEx and CapEx required on the pipelines and on the store. I mean, stores are huge investments for a single emitter. Whereas if you can cluster a number of emitters together to make sure that you have optionality in terms of which to choose to progress with their capture facilities, that really derisks the project.
Rachel Sutton:And most importantly, it means that you can aggregate large volumes of CO2, which brings down your levelised cost. And fundamentally, that's what we're trying to achieve option for industry to be able to decarbonize. Although we're here talking about cement, having these cluster approaches also means that you get a spread of different industry that you can unlock decarbonisation across. So you're not depending upon a single market to drive these projects forward. Cluster is absolutely essential.
Rachel Sutton:I also think it's really valuable in that enables collaboration between organisations that may not historically have collaborated. And bringing those organisations together allows pooling of resources, reduction of risk, and shared experience means that you have an opportunity to learn from each other, to build shared capacity and capabilities in these sort of technologies. What it also means is that you can speak to government on business models and economic models with a single voice. So you can speak as an industry saying this is important to us in order to enable our decarbonization. And that voice is less powerful if you've got a single company.
David Bizley:Tom, I think you wanted to add to that.
Tom Redfern:Yeah, mean, echo many of Rachel's points. I think it's completely unique to bring competitors together in this way to have a shared goal, but that shared goal is also the reality. There's no one company, there's no one industry that's gonna deliver net zero or tackle climate change. So the clusters give a completely unique way to come together to have a shared goal, which is to be net zero.
David Bizley:Okay. Excellent. And, Tolga, would, you know, projects like PAIDS would have been, you know, feasible without the cluster approach, or would it just been much more difficult?
Tolga Timirci:I mean, it will be impossible, so without cluster approach. Okay. Because you need to have the sequestration pipeline in place, and with the cluster approach, are collaborating with the different companies from different industries, so you're learning from those companies as well. So our technology provider and EPCM contractor are also working with other cluster emitters, which is supporting our project indirectly. So this is a very relevant model and supporting our project, and it will be impossible without this cluster approach to execute this project and from funding point of view and from the pipeline connection point of view.
David Bizley:And sticking with you just for the moment, but obviously feel free to chime in. Both high net and p cluster depends obviously not only on the capture technology, but things like pipeline, storage, permitting, and public support. Yeah. Which of those sort of non plant factors is the hardest to get right, and I suppose is which is posing the biggest obstacle?
Tolga Timirci:All of them I can say. I don't think you cannot make it one, because in UK the permits are really taking a long time and it's complicated. So even I can give you one example, I mean, have found a one bed spaCy on-site and it's giving extra time for us for the extra permits, ecology, to look for the ecology types, etcetera. So all these things, pipeline connection interface with the pipeline, they're getting the CO two quality, the right specification, agreeing with them with the cluster, with the pipeline operator. So these are really taking long time.
Tolga Timirci:And what we see is that we don't have concern about the project itself, I mean, from the carbon capture technology, but all the other things, when you add all the things, all the nonplanned or the outside effects, that's making the complication more and more, but until now, I guess it's managed well by all the parties, so that we are there.
David Bizley:Rachel, from your perspective?
Rachel Sutton:Yeah, if I can comment on that, I always say that the engineering is the easy part of these projects, hopefully the technology is not that complicated, obviously there are always opportunities to find new efficiencies, there and are challenges at implementing them at scale. But that's not the big challenge that these projects face. Engineering is reasonably manageable. One of the big challenges is that all of these projects are public and private partnerships. It means both to come together, industry needs to be involved, but it's also heavily dependent upon government policy and the regulatory and economic models that come alongside that.
Rachel Sutton:And there are always different factors pulling these projects in many directions. If I can give one example, political will for net zero is one of the primary drivers for these projects. And as I'm sure many people in this room will be aware, that has fluctuated somewhat over the last sort of four to five years. And keeping these projects on track from a delivery perspective, while dealing with the vagaries of global politics is a real challenge. And public opinion comes along with that as well.
Rachel Sutton:These projects are being developed as nationally significant infrastructure projects, which means we have development consent orders, which are determined at a Secretary of State level. But fundamentally, we have to bring the public along with us, we need their trust, and in the projects that we're developing, and equally public opinion will sway the direction that politics takes as well. So as we see shifts in public opinion away from the prioritisation of net zero, that remains to be an ongoing challenge in terms of driving forward the business models to get these projects away. So I think to go back to your statement, all of these factors are so interrelated. And when you think you've resolved one of them, another one pops up somewhere else, say, that is the big challenge of these projects, it's not the engineering, it's the driving them through project delivery, through the global environment that we're working in.
David Bizley:And Tom, you want to?
Tom Redfern:Yeah, agree with all of the points, we're definitely entering a bit of a period of increased kind of climate skepticism, people under a of other pressures and perhaps where a few years ago was more of a public support at the back of this, perhaps seeing a bit of a softening of that at the moment, have no doubt it will come back, I certainly hope it will. But also when we talk about things like the Peak Cluster, that also comes with a pipeline that's 200 kilometers and that does have an impact on local communities, but feel quite far removed from cement production, cement manufacture. So there's a lot of work for us to do to be open, transparent, build that public trust. And we need to see this as a collaborative, not as a peak cluster, not as a wholesome, not as a Heidelberg. This is kind of a united project.
David Bizley:Okay. And expanding briefly, we'll come back to The UK in a moment, but the broader cement industry generally, Tom, how important is things like shared transport and storage infrastructure going to be for making carbon capture viable across the board? Is this a global issue facing the industry?
Tom Redfern:I think it's vital, isn't it? And we talk we've already talked about how just having four competitors come together to help make the storage, transport and storage viable is great. But we need to do that more and we need to see other industries coming in. So over time, as it scales up and other industries could do their own caption storage and use the same transport and use the same storage, that's gonna help scale up, but and also help everybody deliver that shared goal, which is to achieve net zero. We need to keep coming back to that point, why are we doing this?
Tom Redfern:And it's to get to net zero. And that's not just cement, that's other industries as well.
David Bizley:Okay. And for you, Tolga, in the case of PAIDS with, I guess, the wider high net system, what do you see as the biggest lessons that you've learned so far about integrating a cement plant into a broader industrial decarbonization network? And first of all,
Tolga Timirci:cement plants, carbon capture plants are chemical plants, so cement plants are not continuous plants, so the integrating from cement plant to a carbon capture plant is a challenge. On top of that, from your carbon capture plant, giving the CO2 to the pipeline is another challenge because you need to agree with the CO2 specification with the pipeline operator. You need to align on the timelines because each companies have different FIDs, different timelines, different schedules. So you need to align all these schedules to make sure that when you're ready to put the CO2 on, the pipeline is ready, or pipeline should not wait five years for you to put the CO2 in place. So you need a close collaboration with all these stakeholders to make sure that you align with the technology, you align with the interfaces, you align with the pipeline, and these multiple FIDs are coordinated well by the by the government or or or institutes or the clusters to make sure that that you start consequently the older projects.
Tolga Timirci:Otherwise, you keep waiting the others, which makes the complications, I mean, increase the complications.
David Bizley:And Rachel, from your experience on high net, does that ring through?
Rachel Sutton:Yeah, absolutely, I'd agree, it's aligning with a single system. So a little bit of background to how this works from kind of regulatory perspective, all of these the high net, the peak cluster will as well need to operate under a network code. And that defines a lot of how the emitters and the CO2 pipeline itself and storage facilities will interact. And negotiating the terms of that network code relies upon a large number of parties, all with slightly different interests. Fundamentally, the driver is the same for everyone, but everyone's coming from a slightly different situation.
Rachel Sutton:And aligning all of those parties through a negotiation period to come up with a single network code that works for everyone is not a straightforward thing to do. It's a fantastic achievement that has been managed for high net and for East Coast cluster already, and Peak cluster will shortly be going through a very similar process to make sure that everyone is agreed on how that's going to work. But it's worth saying that this is a first of a kind network code. We have network codes for the gas networks in The UK today, and they've been around for decades. This is for an entirely new regulated system.
Rachel Sutton:It was not an easy thing to develop, and it will continue to evolve over the coming decades as more and more projects come online. But that's just one example of where bringing everybody together to find a single solution when everyone's coming from a slightly different perspective has been challenging, but also a phenomenal achievement to get to the point where we've got something like that signed off.
David Bizley:Excellent. And Tom, going back to you. Now P cluster obviously brings multiple cement and lime producers together around a common infrastructure, so following on the same lines of what I asked you earlier, does the kind of collaboration we're seeing in P cluster, and I guess Hynea as well, represent a one off response to the local circumstances of The UK, or is this something that we should expect to see repeated elsewhere?
Tom Redfern:I think, and I hope we definitely expect to see this repeated out elsewhere. Of course, Peak Cluster presents a unique in some ways a unique opportunity, but we are a cluster of cement plants in quite a small geographical area driven by geology. It's a perfect place to make cement. And therefore the cluster comes together quite nicely and quite obviously on a map. I think as we go forwards, we'll see other people join clusters and clusters will hopefully grow, whether that makes sense.
Tom Redfern:But I also hope that over time we see other industries coming together to form their own clusters, it might not just be cement producers. It's not always impossible to have four cement and lime producers cluster. It might not make sense, but we should look to expand that model out and as Rachel said, take benefits of economies of scale.
Rachel Sutton:Yeah, absolutely. And I think this is also an area where The UK can continue to develop through non pipeline transport as well. So yes, there is a significant advantage to those clusters of industry who happen to be relatively near to geological storage, they get that advantage going straight into that. But there are non pipeline transport options for transporting CO2 by road or by rail, which allows some of those more satellite clusters or even individual sites to have a process for getting their CO2 away and stored. So we aren't there yet with The UK, but we are starting to see progress exploring MPT models.
Rachel Sutton:And I think that will perhaps start to unlock more mini or satellite clusters as well.
David Bizley:Okay. Well, obviously, have a question coming from the audience, I just wanna go to Tolga first. Now, high net and peak cluster often discussed in terms of emissions reduction, and that is the end point of them, but they're also industrial strategy projects, which Rachel touched on in her introduction. How important is that argument about protecting domestic cement and lime production when it comes to winning support for carbon capture as an investment?
Tolga Timirci:Of course, support for these projects are really important, Funding support, because at the moment without those supports, you don't have the business cases available. So this is at the moment crucial. But when the, in the future, when the policies becomes clear, the procurement processes in the public procurement become clear and there are different mechanisms, then maybe we were looking for a different mechanism, but at the moment, this support is crucial, what I see.
David Bizley:So let's move to this question then from the audience, which I think I will direct towards, you, Tom, and Rachel as well, because it's peak cluster focus. And now what are the carbon capture technologies selected by peak cluster emitters, and what criteria are you basing that on? And are there possible integrations or synergies between the four emitters?
Tom Redfern:Short answer is we haven't selected technologies yet. We're still in prefeed, hopefully towards the end of pre feed soon, but obviously that's shaped a little bit by a few things. A massive contributory factor for us is energy demand, we have a of a peak district that use a lot of energy and a lot of electricity, so we have to have a technology where we can get suitable energy supply into that and also water availability, depending on the technology you choose, some have massively high water demands and we don't have access to unlimited amounts of water again in the area. So I think that's it, I'm talking from a particularly wholesome perspective. There's perhaps opportunities for greater synergy between the emitters.
Tom Redfern:I think at the moment, we're probably very much looking at our own specific local circumstances or very specific business models, and hopefully perhaps that might come as the project progresses.
Rachel Sutton:So we are fortunate because this is a joint venture and the cement partners are all meeting together extremely regularly, we do have the opportunity to explore those synergies. It is still extremely early in the engineering design, so there's a long way to go in terms of technology selection, but the project is perfectly positioned to make sure that we do exploit any of those synergies that come out. I think it's probably just worth touching on that difficult balance with all these projects as to risk versus reward when it comes to choosing a technology. There are some very well established carbon capture technologies out there, and there are others which are more emerging. There may be some significant energy efficiency opportunities in the light with some of the more emerging technologies.
Rachel Sutton:But these projects, we need to lower the risk, we need to lower the costs. So there are often a lot of drivers to make sure that we're choosing an established technology, we have confidence we can get it away. There will absolutely be time for new and novel technologies. I don't want to speak on behalf of the Capture Plants themselves as to what's going to be selected. But it is always that balance between making sure we get something that we have confidence we can get away at a low cost versus trying to drive an exciting new novel technology.
Tom Redfern:Yeah. And this is also god. God. Remember, we're also part of global companies, and our companies aren't just looking at Capture capture technology and peak cluster or at missed cluster, they're looking at technologies to scale up across Europe and rest of their portfolio. So sometimes we might be looking at something that works for wholesome here and across the wider wholesome group.
Tom Redfern:I'm sure Heidelberg might be similar, so won't always be common ground.
David Bizley:Yeah. So I'll start with you, Tolga, to wrap up this section on UK focused projects, and we'll go to some questions from the audience about that. Do you have a wish list from the UK government in terms of policies or support that you'd like to see continuing to help the development and eventual success of these projects?
Tolga Timirci:Yes, we have a long list, but the first one should be I mean, the policy should be clear and should be on time, but this is very important, and the other point is that we will have a product at the end of this project, so it will be a green cement, and if you don't have a client for this green cement, then it will also for the industry, for Holsing, so they won't this project won't be attractive, so there should be also mechanisms in place for this green cement to be procured in public procurement, in infrastructure projects, or in this going to specifications. And as mentioned for the permits, so these projects needs a little bit, let's say, extraordinary attention, maybe, to lower the permit timing. Otherwise, we are fighting with very tight schedules to realize these projects, and we are stuck with very small things, but it has impact on the permit, then it affects our timeline. So maybe some support on those will be very helpful for those projects.
David Bizley:I saw both of you nodding along to that. Do you have anything you'd like to add to that?
Rachel Sutton:I think one of the challenges we have with CCS clusters now, high and net and East Coast cluster have been extremely fortunate in getting away through the cluster sequencing process. And I think it's worth reflecting on the fact that UK government did do a brilliant job getting those away for some of us living and breathing it, it was hard work, but we eventually we've got two CCS clusters away in The UK, and that is an extraordinary achievement. We shouldn't lose sight of that. Of course, now we've proven we can do that, then it's going right. What's next?
Rachel Sutton:How are we going to scale this up across The UK? Peak cluster is absolutely in the forerunning. We also have Acorn and Viking in The UK as well, who are all clamoring to be next in line. And the bit that we're missing at the moment is what is the process now for getting those three clusters away? We have attractive projects, we have good strategies to get through the engineering consenting, it's getting to a financial close now with the economic models that we need from government to achieve that.
Rachel Sutton:We have a big focus for Pete Cluster specifically on trying to get ourselves off government balance sheet to reduce the cost to government and to make it as much of a merchant model as we can. But we still need to work closely with government from an economic model and a regulatory model perspective to understand what that's going to look like. And bringing all of those strands together in a timeline that suits all elements of the public and the private sector is an ongoing issue. We work extremely closely with DESNERS to make sure that we keep that aligned. But as always, there's a desire to move faster because these projects are investing a lot of money now of their own money, and need a level of confidence that there is a line of sight to getting to financial close.
Rachel Sutton:You don't need confidence that money is coming today, but we want to understand what the process is going look as to how we get there. So continuing to engage with Vesnes, just to start working through that together is our biggest ask.
Tom Redfern:Policy certainty, I think we find ourselves in a bit of a weird position now where, as Rachel said, we've actually done it in The UK and we've proved it, but we don't have still yet that clear framework to go through to give certainty to our parent companies to invest money. You've to also remember that we're in competition with other projects across the portfolio. So if they feel like there's more certainty in another project versus ours, that's clearly gonna become more attractive to them. So it's really important that government give that give that clarity and actually build on what they've already done, which is actually is an amazing success story and something we should be proud of.
David Bizley:Okay. That's about kind of depletes my questions about The UK side of things, so we'll move to some from the audience. Now if you can't talk about pricings and things, that's absolutely fine, but let's see how this goes. What is the CCS levelized cost ton pound per ton of c o two sequestered at Paidswood and Pecaster, and what makes it competitive compared to other cement carbon capture projects? Who would like to have a go at that?
Tolga Timirci:I'd like to touch on on on the cost, how we calculate the cost, because with one of my discussions with the business business guys, I realized that they were not looking for always the lowest cost, they were looking for the accuracy and the cost. Right. And what we have done in the last for the for pay for projects in the last three and a half years, we have done double brief feed and then very detailed FEED. It was above the industry standards. Engaged with the market, 95% of the cost have been tendered during even during FEED, and we have done engagement with construction companies to make sure that we have the right cost and the because this is a taxpayer's money, it's not our money, so we have to be very careful with it.
Tolga Timirci:And what we have done at the end was to show that this is the cost that we can build this plant, and that's I think that makes the project competitive, it's not always lowest price, but the assurance that this price we can build is flat. Excellent, Rachel.
Rachel Sutton:Yeah, and I can pick up from that. So unfortunately, no, we can't give the can't tell you the pounds for a tonne of a date and clusters here and now, we're still extremely early in the process. Even if I did, it would be subject to change tomorrow. But I think it's worth saying that absolutely agree with what Tolga said. And certainly for those first clusters, cost accuracy and therefore confidence in the cost to deliver is really important.
Rachel Sutton:For peak cluster, it's slightly different. We now there's been a significant level of subsidy coming forward from government for those first projects to get away. We can't depend upon having that forever moving forward. So our focus is on is starting to really drive down the costs. And we intend to be a lower cost project than high net or East Coast cluster, we need to be.
Rachel Sutton:And we also need to look at alternative funding models that aren't purely subsidy from government. So that is one of our big focus areas moving forward is making sure that we start to forge the pathway to taking these projects off the government balance sheet and finding a way to bring them into a merchant model.
David Bizley:Tom, do you want to add to that?
Tom Redfern:Yeah, I mean, it's not much right. It's far too early to give a pounds per ton numbers, as Rachel said, it'll probably change tomorrow, we're confident that through the power of the cluster and for having a dedicated pipeline with a really good carbon store with a back of it's absolutely committed to it, that we can deliver good value compared to other projects, but clearly that's going be worked through as we go through the project.
Rachel Sutton:Sorry, just that one So one of the reasons that we believe peak cluster can be lower cost is because it is a system specifically designed around those four emitters and a pipeline going from A to B, with future expansion opportunities. But that base project is very clearly defined. Some of the earlier projects suffered a little because through the processing process, didn't actually know which emitters they were connecting to until after the pipeline had gone through the consenting process. So it added in some summary work, some abortive costs and the like, that being a really targeted core projects, we've got the opportunity to mitigate those. And equally, we have the opportunity to mitigate the cost of risk.
Rachel Sutton:We're not the first project going, so we can drive down drive down risk allocation as well.
Alfie Lloyd-Perks:I hope you all enjoyed the first half of this special two parter episode. Stay tuned for part two, which sees our panelists take questions from our combined EnviroTech and World CCS forum audiences. And as always, if you like this episode, please make sure to rate, review, and subscribe. Goodbye for now.
David Bizley:I just wanted to take a moment to remind you to register for World Cement. It's free of charge and gives you access to the latest issues of World Cement, both in print and online. Every issue comes packed full of regional analysis, technical articles, project case studies, and the latest industry news. Simply head over to worldcement.com, click the Magazine tab, and register today. It's as simple as that.
David Bizley:Happy reading!