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Rav Eliyahu Reingold, Rosh Kollel in the Yeshiva of Greater Washington, spent many years learning in the Telshe Yeshiva and Kollel where he was recognized as one of their foremost talmidim. He taught in the Telshe Mechina before coming to the Yeshiva of Greater Washington. He is a noted Baal Halacha and Baal Mussar, serving as a well-respected posek for the Yeshiva and community. Besides his responsibility in leading the Kollel, he delivers a high level shiur to advanced students, and provides many halacha shiurim throughout the year. His heartfelt weekly mussar shmuess in an inspiration to all.
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Bishul 28 - Ain Bishul Acher Bishul - 8; metal and Water (Klal 20 Siman 8) S0525
We are continuing in siman 8, where the Chayei Adam is discussing ain bishul achar bishul regarding a davar lach. He ends the siman by writing that the melacha of bishul extends to melting non-food items as well, such as melting wax or metal. Even though there is no significant change effected in these items, they become more pliable, and one can then change the shape and use of the material, so it is a significant enough change to be considered a toldah of bishul. However, the concept of bishul achar bishul does apply to them, and each time they are heated up, the person is chayav for bishul. The Chayei Adam explains that as the item cools, nothing is left of the benefit generated from heating it, so the next bishul is creating something new and not just reheating the same result from before.
This point leads us to a question about heating water. When a person puts food, such as chicken and vegetables, into water, we assume that the water has assumed a new identity as soup, because it has absorbed the flavor of the solid foods. Thus, even after it cools, the water does not revert back to being plain water, but it remains considered soup. Therefore, there is an argument that ain bishul achar bishul to reheat the soup, because nothing significant changes in the liquid when it is reheated a second time. Alternatively, one could argue that there is a significant difference between hot soup and cold soup, and there would be a problem of bishul (which is how we pasken out of safeik, as we have learned in s523).
When it comes to water, the entire benefit was that the water was hot. Now that it has been cooled, it has lost all of the benefit gained from heating it. If so, it should be akin to the case of non-food items, and bishul achar bishul should apply, even according to the opinions that ain bishul achar bishul by a davar lach.
The Iglei Tal addresses this question and explains that we know there are differences between cooked and uncooked water on a more molecular level, such as bacteria which are destroyed, and so on. If so, there is a benefit to cooked water which remains even after it has cooled down. Thus, there is an argument as to why a second bishul no longer adds significant benefit to the water (because the subsequent bishuls only add heat, but the bacteria have already been destroyed) and it is understandable why one could hold ain bishul achar bishul for water.
That being said, other poskim disagree, and hold that since the person is not primarily trying to remove the bacteria, but primarily trying to benefit from the heat in the water, once the water has cooled down, the primary benefit has been lost, so reheating it does create significant benefit and bishul achar bishul applies.
Summary
The issur of bishul applies to non-food items as well, such as wax and metal. The significant change is that it becomes more pliable.
These items are chayav every time one heats them, and we say yesh bishul achar bishul.
One should be concerned that the issur of bishul achar bishul applies to water, because of the heat added by cooking it again.