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A collection of shiurim by Rav Shlomo Katz on the topic of the month of Adar and the holiday of Purim.
Hevra we're learning l'ilui nishmas Levi ben Yosef, בתיה פייגא בת ישראל, Shimon ben Moshe, Tzvi ben Mordechai, שרה רחמה בת רב אלתר נתן נטע and an atzmi for the Refuah Sheleima שרה בת רחל פייגא, מלכה אלקה בת פרל, שושנה יונה בת רבקה. This week is sponsored by Baruch and Sophia Bina Kurzner in memory of Sophia Bina's grandfather Michael ben Aaron and by my in-laws Ben and Barbara Selsky in memory of my father-in-law's brother Yosef ben Shlomo. Today we have enough pages? Yeah. Okay, today we are starting, I'm very excited because we are starting the march towards the Megillah, Purim and we're starting it with רב אברהם צבי קלוגר.
We have the privilege of learning his Torahs for a while now, for a number of years in the Beis Medrash and we also had the privilege of going and being with him also once. We should, it'd be a beautiful thing if some of the Hevra, I guess me, could arrange to go see him before Purim or between Purim and Pesach, that'd be something very, very special. But the pnimiyus of the mitzvos, that, you know, there's daled mitzvos hayom on Purim. There's four mitzvos of the days, everyone knows what they are, right? Come on, I'll start.
Mikra Megillah. Mishloach Manos. Matanos La'evyonim and Seudah. Every year what we try to do is take as many as we can of the daled mitzvos hayom and go into the pnimiyus of them and today we're going to be starting off by actually jumping on both two, like two at once: Mishloach Manos and Matanos La'evyonim.
This is pretty straightforward today. What we're going to be seeing today is all based on a Maharal. A very important Maharal which we'll have in front of us. We don't get a chance to learn too much Maharal, but today we're going to see a beautiful piece from the Maharal in Netzach Yisrael and tie in a beautiful concept together and this is all based on Beis Hamikdash consciousness.
This is all Beis Hamikdash consciousness what we're going to be learning today. Hopefully what we're always going to be learning, but today specifically. No need for too many hakdamas, I want to go right inside because you'll see that the second paragraph is basically a chunk of psukim relating to the mitzvos hayom. Rav Kluger starts like this: עומדים בימי הפורים בעת לעסוק במצוות היום להבין מדוע ואיך נתקנו.
We are going to try to understand why and how the daled mitzvos hayom were established and obviously not just how and why they were established, but הטעם הפנימי במצוות אלו. Most of us grew up, most of us that grew up in religious environments, were accustomed to making sure that there was, I mean out of the four mitzvos hayom, which one was the most mehudar growing up? Mishloach Manos. I grew up in Beverly Hills. You know what I always talk about the Beverly Hills Mishloach Manos was what those things looked like: a package would come, it would start in the living room and end in the dining room.
You're dating, yeah, you're dating, yeah. I don't know what the zakh is today, but yeah obviously you could be yotzei Mishloach Manos with two? An orange peel and with two brachas. Obviously יש פה עניין פנימי, there's something deep going on over here. Matanos La'evyonim, how would we usually be yotzei that growing up? Do you even remember? Zekher l'machatzis hashekel.
Yeah, but that's actually confusing because it's not pashut that that's yotzei Matanos La'evyonim when you have an evyon that actually comes up to you because the meshulach then comes to your house during seudah and you're like: no, no, I gave, I put it on the plate next to the, כל הפושט יד נותנים לו. We have an amazing opportunity to tune into the inyan of nedavas halev, of the nedava of the heart on Purim as well. Yeshiva bachurim take great advantage of that, they know exactly, they were prepped all year to make sure they have the greatest azos d'kdusha. I don't know how much it is here in our area, but Yerushalayim? Same, the streets, the...
by the time the bachurim hit the, hit literally the cars, they were pretty tipsy when they hit the cars. Right. Stop every Yid, that's it. We're going to learn, we're going to learn the psukim.
Okay, we're just going to go through the psukim again from Megillas Esther again just to refresh our memory and already to jump into the Mikra Megillah, which is a very beautiful thing.
נפתח סוגיא זו בלשון הכתוב.
פרק ט במגילת אסתר.
ביום שלושה עשר לחודש אדר ונוח בארבעה עשר בו ועשה אותו יום משתה ושמחה והיהודים אשר בשושן נקהלו בשלושה עשר בו ובארבעה עשר בו ונוח בחמישה עשר בו ועשה אותו יום משתה ושמחה.
You already know all the different Gemaras that are osek in the inyan of when, what's the earliest time the Megillah could be read. It's, there's a lot to dabble into because the Megilla it gives all these different...
על כן היהודים הפרוזים. What's yehudim haprazim? What does that mean? Spread out? What's arei haprazos? Arei haprazot? Unwalled? On wall, yeah, unwalled cities, right?
על כן היהודים הפרוזים היושבים בערי הפרזות עושים את יום ארבעה עשר לחודש אדר שמחה ומשתה ויום טוב ומשלוח מנות איש לרעהו.
Now this is a key pasuk over here. It's gonna it jumps we just read it but this is actually key. Listen to this.
ויכתוב מרדכי את הדברים האלה וישלח ספרים אל כל היהודים אשר בכל מדינות המלך אחשורוש הקרובים והרחוקים לקיים עליהם להיות עושים את יום ארבעה עשר לחודש אדר ואת יום חמישה עשר בו בכל שנה ושנה.
Mordechai hayehudi is writing sheilos uteshuvos. Mordechai hayehudi, there's more pages here for whoever needs and it's good to see this inside. There's a lot of text today. So this is beautiful.
Mordechai hayehudi is writing he's writing a teshuvah, not a teshuvah really he's writing a psak. He's writing a psak halacha.
כימים אשר נחו בהם היהודים מאויביהם והחודש אשר נהפך להם מיגון לשמחה ומאבל ליום טוב לעשות אותם ימי משתה ושמחה ומשלוח מנות איש לרעהו ומתנות לאביונים. How many of the daled mitzvos hayom were included in these pesukim that we just learned? Three.
Three. Which one isn't here? Mikra megillah. So we'll we'll go to that in a different time but three definitely. Mishloach manos, matanos la'evyonim and the mitzvah of the seudas hayom.
So HaRav Kluger now takes us on a journey. A beautiful one.
בהתבוננות בלשונות הפסוקים יתברר שהיה כמה וכמה שלבים בדרכי התהוות מצוות היום. The mitzvos of the day had a few stages until it came into fruition.
ראשית כל קיבלו עליהם, what's the first shlav of the mitzvos coming to life?
ראשית כל קיבלו עליהם רק היושבים בערי הפרזות לעשות שמחה ומשתה ויום טוב ומשלוח מנות איש לרעהו. So first it was the Yidden in the unwalled cities that mekabel this and what did they take upon themselves? How many mitzvos? Simcha, mishte and mishloach manos so that sounds like... Two. Two.
Two.
שמחה משתה ויום טוב is one. Yeah. The seuda.
ואחר כך שלח מרדכי הצדיק לכל היהודים אשר במדינות המלך אחשורוש ומרדכי הצדיק הוסיף את מצוות מתנות לאביונים שבתחילה לא קיבלו בני ישראל מעצמם. So Mordechai adds this is fascinating. Mordechai adds he has to add in a psak halacha the inyan of giving out money to the poor that in the beginning that didn't happen naturally. And there's a whole ma'amer on this which hopefully we'll have time to get into why wasn't that a mitz-...
interesting. Shalach manos, seuda no one has any problem with that. Well because you can't do the first two if you don't if not everyone has money how could they be happy and how could they have a mishte? Like I think maybe it was just pragmatic. Just logical you're saying logical sense meaning if I have a little bit of gelt what am I gonna use it for? Right.
Right so you're saying like logically speaking. Nachon. But there's a whole ma'amer on this as to why as to why this happened like this. But also what's the connection of giving tzedakah to poor people? Good shaylah.
Very good question. Pesach I could actually understand that if you the and kimcha depischa... it's interesting. Kimcha depischa is much less hot than matanos la'evyonim.
Right. Kimcha depischa is not as strong as matanos la'evyonim but it would make much more sense because כל דכפין ייתי וייכל meaning I'm speaking about evyonim literally when I start my seder. It would have made more sense if that was actually attributed to that. But if here the mitzvos is simcha umishte people need money to be happy and to make a mishte.
People need money to be happy and to make a mishte like you can't have mishte... bediyuk, which is part of... nachon, which is part of the whole thing. The whole story of Esther is about arvuse zeh lazeh, the de'aga l'sheini.
So you could say that's shloach manos. You could... I can look at that and say yeah you're right that's why I give someone I give each person two things. Yidden prefer cash.
Some. It's true that it's in the context of yom tov but the Rambam says you can't have simcha umishte... basar veyayin... without and also without giving money.
These are all this is all prepping us for a different ma'amer which we'll be learning but it's important to see like he said the shlavim of the hitavus like the ways these mitzvos came out it's a beautiful... Beautiful thing. Vehineh, tzarich biur, let's start asking the right, let's start, today's going to be a lot of questions to sharpen the focus of what we're trying to do over here. Vehineh, tzarich biur, we need to understand מדוע התחילו היהודים היושבים בערי הפרזות מעצמם לקיים מצות משלוח מנות.
Are there anymore? Yeah. Are there? You have. Okay. We have to understand the Yidden that sat in the unwalled cities on their own started doing one of the dalet mitzvot hayom, mishloach manot.
בשלמא משתה ושמחה הוא להודות ולהלל על הנס הגדול. I can understand, when they heard the story of Purim, they're like party time. Why not? I would understand that. That's something I understand.
אך משלוח מנות לכאורה איננו שייך כלל לכל מעשי הנס. What's the shaychus, I mean matanot la'evyonim, I can understand that context maybe a little bit better to Purim than mishloach manot. What's the reason there's mishloach manot? Like what, what's that shaychus to the story of Megillas Esther? Mishloach manot, yes, between friends. Invite them to your Seudah, there should be a chiyuv to invite someone to your Seudah, meaning why davka mishloach manot? All the halachos that come out of it.
I'll tell you, this is a nutty Torah I shared with you in the past. Why did it davka have to be mishloach manot? You remember this Torah? They didn't trust the kashrus. Because there would be a totally legitimate reason for there to be complete mistrust between Yidden based on the beginning of Megillas Esther. What's the beginning of Megillas Esther? They're eating treif.
They're sitting at the Seudah of Achashveirosh. So part of the pirsumei nisa, the hitgalus of the nes, making sure the nes, this is amazing Torah from the Ostrovtzer Rebbe, that one of the inyanim of takanas mishloach manot would be to show that I know that you may have sat at that Seudah and you were eating treif, but when you see yad Hashem so clearly, we trust so much, I trust your kashrus, I trust that it had a hashpaah on you. So part of the going through the revelation of Purim is gaining trust again in other people's kashruses. It's a very beautiful thing.
That was definitely a kosher mishloach manot from somebody from Purim. And did you down it? Because of this Torah? That came up once when we were learning in Simchas Shlomo, so someone also said he's like, I got these cookies in my mishloach manot and I was giving it to my children and I remember this Torah that we learned and I said, okay, must be that it's fine. And then my eight year old started to pull his ears up and doing these wacky things and it was a different type of mishloach manot. But it was kosher, but it definitely had kashrus.
Good Purim.
אך משלוח מנות, fifth line again, לכאורה איננו שייך כלל לכל מעשי הנס. So Rav Kluger's asking, מדוע קיבלו על עצמם מצוה זו ולא דמי כלל לשאר ימים טובים. This is also all the other Yom Tovs that we have, this is we don't have these inyanim.
We don't have this, like he says over here, אשר בהן מצוות היום שייכות וקשורות למהות היום טוב. The mitzvot of the day regarding other holidays are shayach to the context of the actual day. Kegon when it comes to Pesach, what am I busy doing? I'm busy doing a mitzvah that has to do mamash with the story of Pesach, achilas matzah bePesach.
הישיבה בסוכה בחג הסוכות.
וכן הדלקת נרות חנוכה בימי חנוכה. Meaning all these things have to do with the actual time that we're in.
שכל המצוות הללו קשורות ושייכות למהות היום טוב אך מצות משלוח מנות לכאורה איננה קשורה כלל לכל נס ההצלה. The miracle of being saved doesn't seem to have any shaychus to mishloach manot.
Vetzarich biur, that's what tzadik bet is over here. Vetzarich biur, so this needs explanation.
והנה בטעם מצוה זו כבר האריכו בזה בראשונים שביארו שטעם המצוה הוא כדי שיהיה לכל אחד ואחד סעודת יום טוב. This is connected to what Avi was saying before.
And he brings the Terumas Hadeshen here, but you really see throughout the Chazals, throughout the Rishonim and the Acharonim that the reason this... That helps us for the inyan of having a seudah, of having simcha. But we don't find this lashon and this takkanas Chazal by the other Yomtovs. But you're supposed to give tzedakah before the Shalosha Regalim.
It's nice that you're supposed to. It's not- we don't look at it as one of the- you're also supposed to buy your wife nice things before, you know, Yomtovim too. But these are not things that were established as takkanas Chazal. This is a takkanas Chazal.
That's what he's trying to understand. Meaning if you're going to say you need to have simchas Yom Tov, so therefore we enhance it by saying these things have to be established. Okay, that explains to me why- why what- what's the- what is this still kashur to Purim? Is his question? Is the- you hear the question. Why davka Purim for this? You could say this about any holiday.
What's the yechidus, what's the uniqueness of davka the holiday of Purim with this?
מדוע תיקנו כן דייקא בפורים ולא בשאר ימים טובים. Kemo chen.
צריך ביאור במתנות במצות מתנות לאביונים שצריך עיון כנל מהו השייכות של מצוה זו לימי הפורים. We also have to ask the shaila about matanos l'evyonim.
Why is this davka shayach to Purim? You could say this should be shayach to every holiday. This even more. This even more, you know? That there are certain tzaddikim like- I've heard stories about like Rav Chaim Sanzer for instance, that when there was money in the house that wasn't given to people that needed, he couldn't sleep in the- he literally could not sleep in the house. He could not sleep in the house.
Because if you know that you have the ability to bring a simcha for a family, whether it's hachanos l'shabbos or Yomtov or Yom Tovim, and it still didn't take place, zeh alecha, it's on you. It's heavy stuff. It's on you. It's a heavy thing to live with.
That your non-activation of the mitzvah that's in front of you right now is preventing a person's yishuv hadaas, thinking 'Am I going to have anything for Shabbos or for Yomtov?' So the real tzaddikim are so sensitive about this that they couldn't even sleep in the house where there was a potential situation of making someone happy. There's a lot of drashas on what we just said right now. Because if you know that inside of you you have something to teach to someone, or some love to give to someone, but it's lying dormant in you, the shaila is how sensitive are you to that? Recognizing that you're just a tzinnor and it's just- it's by you to be passed on, but you're not passing it on. And you're not passing it on, so what happens to you? Maybe that's why the Rebbe told everybody, you know, 'You learn- you know aleph, go teach aleph.' Like whatever you have to give over, go and teach it, go and give that over.
Again, כמו כן צריך ביאור במצות מתנות לאביונים שצריך עיון כנל מהו השייכות של מצוה זו לימי הפורים.
ועוד צריך ביאור מדוע היהודים הפרזים קיבלו עליהם רק את מצות משלוח מנות ואילו מרדכי הוסיף את מצות מתנות לאביונים.
מאי שנא ממצות משלוח מנות אשר קיבלו עליהם מעצמם. The Megillah tells this.
Tells us this. What did we accept like from ourselves? We didn't even need a psak to do. The light of the miracle of Purim illuminated through us a natural decision to start giving shaloch manos. Matanos l'evyonim? No.
What's the difference between these two mitzvos? Also tzarich biyur. Tzarich iyun. And also why- and like he ends off here, הרי הפרזים נתעוררו מעצמם?
ואילו בערי המוקפות חומה הוצרך מרדכי לפרסם ולהנהיג את ימי הפורים ולא קיבלו עליהם מעצמם. And why is it that in the walled cities bichlal the whole- the whole inyan of Purim had to have Mordechai HaTzaddik come and establish it? So there's a lot of questions going on over here regarding the story and the shlavim of the his'havus of how we ended up with the Purim that we have today.
Now, in most- in many of Rav Kluger's teachings on Purim, not just Rav Kluger's, but in a lot of the Sifrei Tzaddikim, we must remember at what era in Jewish history this story is taking place. So when is this taking place in Jewish history, this whole story of Purim? Seventy years after Galus. So what does that mean? Between- they should've been heading back. Between Churban Bayis Rishon and Binyan Bayis Sheni.
Now what sefer kind of gives you- it's an interesting thing. Which sefer kind of gives you the real backstory of the story of Purim? Ezra. Daniel. Daniel, Daniel very much.
It's so cryptic there, but Daniel very much, and he does an amazing job through Daniel. We didn't do it here, we did it for the women like five five years ago. There's when you learn and Ezra, when you learn Purim in the context of Sefer Daniel and Ezra, a lot of things start adding up. It all makes...
it's well, hopefully it makes enough sense to chuck the sense in a real way, ad delo yada. But the story that's happening when we read Megilla, it's mamish the narrators in Daniel and Ezra explain everything over there. Although tragically it's not taught in most of the yeshivas... Steve, Steve, you've entered the domain of Nekudos Tovos.
Baruch Hashem, we are excited that the next generation will be learning it like that. Amen. And everyone will be in Eretz Yisrael as well, and everyone all the things that we have trouble, it's all gonna be fixed. Amen.
But to learn the story of Purim through the prism of Beis Hamikdash is not optional. It's essential. It's essential to understand, to be sensitive to what the am was going through at this time is essential to understand every detail of Purim, specifically daled mitzvos hayom, specifically. So the one year I shared with you when we were learning the Daniel story, so by Purim, by the seuda, we took out, we lit the menorah at our seuda, because Achashveirosh must have taken out a menorah, right? Ve-keilim mi-keilim shonim.
Who know, who knew what that trump put at the table? Who knows what he pulled out at that seuda? But ve-keilim mi-keilim shonim, the stuff that was dragged down to the table. And then we, Yossi were there, I remember, and we lit the menorah at the thing, we didn't do brachos, but someone did walk in as we're standing there singing הנרות הללו קודש הם. And it was the beginning of the seuda too. It's like no way you guys got here this fast.
There's no way. Ein sikui. You pregamed. There's no way, you must have pregamed.
Now, now we're going to go into the Maharal.
ולבאר סוגיא זו נקדים מדברי המהר"ל בספר נצח ישראל. We're gonna have to understand how the Maharal paints this picture. Asher he'erich levaveir, he goes extensively to explain שכל כוח הבית המקדש השני היה רק מצד כנסת ישראל ואילו הבית המקדש הראשון היה כנגד האבות.
This is very interesting. What did he just say? What did the Maharal just say about the difference between the first and second Batei Mikdash? What does this mean that the first one was kenegged ha-Avos and the second one was mitzad Knesses Yisrael? The first Beis Hamikdash had the glow from all the zechuyos of the Avos and anything that was shiny in the second Beis Hamikdash was because of what the people that built it put into it. Okay, it's one way of understanding it. What else? Because the yesod of the Beis Hamikdash Sheni was achdus of Knesses Yisrael, and the yesod of Beis Hamikdash ha-Rishon was the Avot.
So once the yesod gets destroyed... Ah, so what's the yesod of the Avos? The opposite of giluy arayos, shefichus damim, and avoda zara. That's what you're saying. Right.
Go down to the... let's learn this footnote. Let's learn the Maharal inside. Footnote Alef.
Okay, it's a chance, an opportunity for us to learn the words of the Maharal. This is a beautiful Maharal. Footnote Alef. Ve-ze lashono, אף כי יש בזה עוד סוד נסתר ונעלם למה בית המקדש ראשון חרב על אלו ג' עבירות ומקדש שני על ידי שנאת חינם.
Why is it that the reasons that we give for the destruction of the Beis Hamikdash the first and second are what they are?
אפרש אותו ברמז ותבינהו. I'm gonna hint to it and you'll understand.
וזה כי מקדש ראשון היה להם בזכות ג' אבות הקדושים. We had the first Beis Hamikdash because of the zechus of the first three Avos, the three Avos, Avraham, Yitzchak, ve-Yaakov, אשר מדרגתם בוודאי יותר עליונה מישראל.
If you're taking the kedusha of the Avos versus Yisrael, the Yisrael that we meet later on, the Maharal says the kedusha was much more potent, much more.
וידוע כי אברם זכותו מעלתו פרישתו מן הערווה. So he goes here and he explains that Avraham Avinu's kedusha was kineged which one? Gilui arayos.
שאמרו עליו במסכת בבא בתרא אפרא לפומיה דאיוב שאמר ומה אכרות ברית לעיני ומה אתבונן על בתולה באחרינא לא מסתכל אבל בדידיה מסתכל ואילו באברהם כתיב הנה נא ידעתי כי אשה יפת מראה את שלא נסתכל בה כל ימיו.
So it's amazing how what the Maharal is darshaning from one posuk that appears in parshas, what parsha is this?
הנה נא ידעתי כי אשה יפת מראה את. Lech Lecha. He looks over there, he says that אברהם אבינו'ס טהרת עיניים was so refined that he moved his head away from anything that he shouldn't be looking at in order to realize how beautiful his wife was. There's a person sitting in this room that told me many years ago a statement that stayed with me for a long time and it's helped many other couples, many other men, or well, not couples actually, that whenever he has a choice to look at another woman and he chooses not to, his own wife becomes more beautiful to him.
That statement stuck with me for many years, it's a very powerful statement. The mekor for this is Avraham Avinu's choosing of his sight. So the gilui arayos is kineged, or not kineged, the tikkun for gilui arayos stands in the zechus of Avraham Avinu.
יצחק זכותו ההרחקה מעבודה זרה שמסר נפשו להקריבה אל ה' יתברך.
That's pashut clear in the story of Yitzchak. Yaakov kineged neged shfichus damim.
ודבר זה ידוע גם כן כי יעקב הוא החיים. Yaakov is life itself, שהרי יעקב אבינו לא מת.
And also, you understand how he teitched Yaakov Avinu kineged shfichus damim? Shfichus damim means the end of life, it's death. Yaakov Avinu, the Gemara says, שהרי יעקב אבינו לא מת מה הוא בחיים אף זרעו בחיים ועוד כי הוא הפך עשו שהיה אדמוני. That's an easier way of plugging into the inyan of the you know, zeh kineged zeh. Esav resembles, you know, when Esav comes and sells the bechora, he just came back from the Gemara tells us doing many many bad things that day.
One of them was murder.
והוא סימן אליו שיהיה שופך דמים ויעקב הפכו מרוחק מזה. So that's another reason.
ועוד כי יעקב לא ראה קרי מימיו הגמרא ביבמות אומרת.
Shmiras habris his whole life.
ודבר זה נחשב קצת כאילו שופך דם כי ראוי ואפשר היה שיהיה נברא ממנו אדם ואף מזה היה יעקב מרחיק. So I don't want to get too into this, let's just stick with saying Yaakov Avinu, the inyan of kedushas hachaim by Yaakov Avinu was something that was so chazak, so clear, and uvda misaso shleima Chazal say by Yaakov Avinu. So he's establishing the twelve tribes, the tree of life into this world through chaim, hefech mi-shfichus damim.
ובבית המקדש השני שלא היה כל כך במעלה which wasn't as high, as we all know, basic element fundamental things were missing in the Beis HaMikdash Hasheini that weren't in the Beis HaMikdash HaRishon as we see in Ezra. When Ezra describes the חנוכת בית המקדש השני, he says there, there were old people there crying while young people were dancing. Why? Because the young generation wasn't aware of what they really weren't experiencing. They were flying off of what was going on, but the elders that were there were sitting there and being like, do you have any idea what was going on back then? I heard a similar story one time about the chassidim of the Mitteler Rebbe when he became a rebbe, those that were by the Alter Rebbe as well is that they were blown away, the young chassidim were blown away from the Mitteler Rebbe because the Mitteler Rebbe would sometimes give ma'amorim for eight hours, seven, eight hours.
The Mitteler Rebbe, the son of the Alter Rebbe, the second Lubavitcher Rebbe, right? The second nasi in Chabad. So the young guys are they're like, wow, look at this, look what we have. We heard that back by his father it would be much much shorter, much much shorter. The older chassidim said, he says, when they said, you don't understand, when you know exactly what you want to say, you know exactly how to say it and it doesn't take a lot of words, that's what the older chassidim were saying.
Not that chalila... So the second Beis HaMikdash he says לא היה כל כך במעלה. And we don't listen, as much as we know that certain things weren't there, we don't really understand what that means. I'll take any second of being in the second Beis HaMikdash for a few minutes over anything in the world just to experience it.
Okay, knegad the first Beis HaMikdash, psayder. But the inyan here the Maharal is saying it wasn't on the maila in comparison to the first Beis HaMikdash. And that second Beis HaMikdash he writes היה נגד כנסת ישראל עצמם.
וכבר אמרו חז״ל כי בסוף כאשר חרב מקדש ראשון תמה זכות אבות.
The Gemara in Shabbos says. It wasn't once the first Beis HaMikdash was destroyed because of the three aveiros that we know Chazal tell us they were destroyed, the inyan of zechus avos tama. That means you couldn't say anymore, I'm banking on Zaydie to get me out of jail. Why? Because the answer to that is you don't really bank on, you don't really love Zaydie.
You don't really believe in Zaydie. You're not really living a life in Zaydie's zechus. Zaydie would have never done one of these three things. So the zechus avos thing ends.
It's tama. It's a by the way very harsh statement in my opinion, my humble aniyus da'ati. Tama zechus avos, that's a that's a very scary consciousness. It goes against shemona esrei? No.
What's that? It doesn't. Why? Because we're remembering zechus avos. It's not that we actually we have it. No, but we're remembering it with the hope that we could capture it.
Okay. Because you're hoping that we'll capture it once again. Is it saying that it's finished? Exactly. Tama tama is lashon tam venishlam.
Yeah. Correct. So we're hoping vezocher chasdei avos that Hashem remembers the chasdei. He can remember all he wants but it's finished.
There's no gas in the tank. No, no, it is a shaila because listen to the lashon וזוכר חסדי אבות ומביא גואל לבני בניהם למען שמו באהבה would sound like I'm still there's a chance. I'm still banking on zechus avos to bring geulah to their children. No, we're hoping to have it back.
It ended but we're remembering it that it should come back and bring us to geulah. Once the Beis HaMikdash was destroyed so that was the end of that cheshbon, but that doesn't mean that we still don't have zechus avos. Meaning it's the end of the cheshbon לענין בנין בית המקדש, not l'inyan life in general. To keep it part of that.
Right, right. Still harsh though. The vezocher is not that we are remembering. We're asking Hakadosh Baruch Hu.
I know, but the shaila still stands in place based on the Gemara in Shabbos. Tama zechus avos is a. But if Hakadosh Baruch Hu decided tama, Hakadosh Baruch Hu could renew the zechus avos. And that's why we're saying vezocher chasdei avos is our address or bakasha to Hakadosh Baruch Hu.
No? That's fine. That's fine.
ומביא גואל למען שמו. Hashem's name, not l'maanam, not because of them.
Right, so if you do it. Right, so that's a diyuk in the lashon that I'm still saying well the only reason that I'm asking for the reactivation of this is l'maan shemo b'ahava. Yeah. If you had zechus avos you'd say l'maanam.
No. If we still had zechus avos what would we be saying? L'maanam. L'maanenu. L'maanenu it would say not shemo, it would say shemenu.
Yeah. Yeah. That's good. You're saying because it.
No, chavera, this is good stuff. You'll see if you actually listen to this diyun Mincha won't be the same. You'll start to actually think. Yeah, I'm already waiting for the last line.
I mean don't I don't buy this I can't buy this this tama zechus avos. Right, meaning right it's like the whole situation. My whole my whole gig is I'm riding their coattails. My whole I'm in a parade next to them is like I'm with them all the time and what do you mean we're out of gas? That's what Reb Shlomo said.
It refers it's in the reference to the Beis HaMikdash, not zechus or. It's like Elie say say again what you were saying. It's good what you were saying. When you learn the Maharal you have to understand he's very much into diyuk, very specific.
Prat u'klal. Prat, klal, nekudos, formulas like connections, cheshbonos, everything's very organized. So he's taking it in the realm of the binyan Beis HaMikdash of the bayis rishon and that had a giluy of zechus avos. Doesn't mean the whole inyan of the zechus avos and everything else is gone.
Just in that nekuda of Beis HaMikdash. Let's just check what the Gemara says. But they're out. What do you mean? Read the Gemara in Shabbos.
If we look at the Gemara in Shabbos is talking about bayis sheini, bayis rishon, like I don't know. Well well so no interesting the Maharal is giving it a peirush on the on the Gemara. But the Gemara the Gemara says tama. Exactly, that's my point.
It doesn't. Gemara says tama but the but the. No, but the source. No we wouldn't have I mean no we wouldn't have any chance to do anything.
So the Maharal like like Eli was saying is medayeking on the inyan that it must be and he said in the beginning I'm going to give you a remez and you'll understand it on your own. Like that's what he's saying. So therefore it must be al pi the binyan of the Maharal over here, it is only referring to the existence of the first Beis Hamikdash. If I say tamas zchus avos we're toast.
I'm with you 100%. 100%. Or even further that the second and subsequent bimhera beyameinu is not going to be because of the zchus avos, it'll be the zchus of the am. That's a that's a heavy, that's a hard one.
I know but we can't deny that we've been here for a while already. I'm not sure that I think that we've been here for a while that gives us quite an opportunity to the Beis Hamikdash was for the am. Yeah that's what he's saying. So is the third one going to be bizchus avos? Bizchus ha'am? Both? During the first Beis Hamikdash.
Both. I'm with you. But I mean I would rather just let us learn how the Maharal mafshit this before we all give our eitzos but yeah I mean it's it's gevaldig but he's building a mahalach here. I want to just let's just finish the Maharal.
Let's just finish the Maharal. Just for today. Again ובית המקדש שני שלא היה כל כך במעלה היה נגד כנסת ישראל עצמם וכבר אמרו חזל כי בסוף כאשר חרב מקדש ראשון תמה זכות אבות and Avi we should look into the actual Gemara and see the reference of the whole sugya. But for now it's okay because that's what he quotes for the inyan of what he's trying to darshan.
ולכך היה מקדש שני נגד ישראל בעצמם ולפיכך like Gavriel was saying before שנאת חינם מבטל כוח כנסת ישראל because what's it called? And that and you see the bizayon today of what's called the Knesset. The last thing that happens in the Knesset is knesset. What does knesset mean? In-gathering like likanes. They should merkaz hapirud they should call it or something like that.
The last thing that's happening is knesset.
שנקרא כנסת ישראל השם חיבור ואחדות ישראל so it was in the zchus of Knesset Yisrael however it ended because of the opposite of it.
וזה אמרם כי מקדש שני חרב על ידי שנאת חינם בלבד ואלו דברים נראים קלים אבל הם דברים עמוקים גדולים רמזנו לך פה ואם כי הכל שורש אחד להם ובחיבור דרך החיים יתבאר יותר. He's saying I'm just pointing out a few things here but it's much more he elaborates on this in much greater depth.
Now let's go back to how Rav Kluger just metzamtzem this in his lashon.
ולבאר סוגיא זו נקדים מדברי המהרל בספר נצח ישראל כמו שראינו אשר האריך לבאר שכל כוח הבית המקדש השני היה רק מצד כנסת ישראל ואילו הבית המקדש הראשון היה כנגד האבות ולכן בית ראשון נחרב כאשר בני ישראל פגמו בשלוש עבירות חמורות שהם כנגד השלושה אבות. I just want to make sure we understand this clearly.
וכיוון שפגמו ביסודות הבית ממילא הוא נחרב מה שאין כן בית המקדש השני שהיה בכוח כנסת ישראל ולכן הוא נחרב כאשר היה פגם של שנאת חינם שכן זה היה כל יסוד בניין הבית ושוב כנראה לעיל כאשר נפל היסוד when the foundation gets distorted or not distorted when it gets demolished nafal venichrav habinyan.
What we're going to continue next week is obviously how he teitches this inside but but just to stama throw it up in the air where are we again in Jewish history at this moment in time? We're about to build Bayis Sheni. No not now I'm saying in the story of Purim we're about to build Bayis Sheni. In their minds what's what are they banking on? Let's say they knew the Maharal's teitch. Let's say they knew the Maharal's teitch and and they were operating based on knowing that I got nothing to bank on anymore right? So Mordechai HaYehudi is saying if we're taking this story of Esther to heart and lemaiseh it's not enough to just say there needs to be Mikra Megilla and a mishteh.
It can't be. There needs to be fundamental things that are going to be focusing on the only zchus we could have to build a second Beis Hamikdash. He's looking at the story of Esther only in He knew exactly what was going on. He tasted what was, what, you know, how it came down.
A person like that, a tzaddek like that, is going to give us the beginning of the remedy as to what are we doing with this story other than just celebrating, right? That's why, you know, a few years ago we've been talking about this for a while already. I really believe strongly that one of the most important days for tikun in Eretz Yisroel is Yom Atzmoas. I'm not even talking about the Hallel stuff, the bracha, with a bracha, without a bracha, lo nichnas lazeh. I'm talking about what is, what is the avoda of Yom Atzmoas if, if you're going to, if we're living here today.
So I remember the first year we did it, we were at your house, then we had a whole, we had a much deeper seuda, it wasn't just a barbecue, there was a whole, remember that game, there was a whole mahalach going on there because are we going to celebrate Yom Atzmoas like Purim without Mordechai's takanos or not? That's really how I'm looking at it. Or is Yom Atzmoas this day of like a sincere shevach vehodaya together with deep introspection, shtickel cheshbon hanefesh? I think the cheshbon hanefesh is definitely why there's Yom Hazikoron that comes before Yom Atzmoas. So there's a lot, a lot we're going to build up from here. This maamar gets juicier and juicier and be'ezras Hashem I'm excited to keep on going veiter.
Next Monday, this Wednesday, there will not be shiur because there's a bris upstairs of one of the chevra from the machon. be'ezras Hashem beshaah tovah u'mutzlachas that everyone should be at, so we'll learn on Friday and then we'll continue this next Monday. Yasher koach.