Subscribe
Share
Share
Embed
Hosted by members of the University of Minnesota Extension Beef and Dairy Teams, The Moos Room discusses relevant topics to help beef and dairy producers be more successful. The information is evidence-based and presented as an informal conversation between the hosts and guests.
00;00;11;03 - 00;00;20;19
Brad
And welcome to The Moos Room. Just Brad today again. But I think spring is coming. We've been getting.
00;00;20;23 - 00;00;23;05
Brad
Our calf barn ready for calving.
00;00;23;05 - 00;00;25;28
Brad
Today is March 5th.
00;00;26;01 - 00;00;26;24
Brad
When I record.
00;00;26;24 - 00;00;27;24
Brad
This.
00;00;27;27 - 00;00;28;28
Brad
We're first calf.
00;00;28;28 - 00;00;42;01
Brad
Is due a week from now, so who knows when it might come. We've got about 120 that are due through the end of May. So we've got quite a few dairy calves and some beef crossbred calves. I'm going to be doing.
00;00;42;01 - 00;00;42;25
Brad
Some research on.
00;00;42;25 - 00;00;50;23
Brad
Those calves at a new product. Just kind of demonstrate, see if, see if it can help reduce some.
00;00;50;23 - 00;00;51;12
Brad
Scours.
00;00;51;12 - 00;00;54;01
Brad
In, in our calves. It's kind of interesting.
00;00;54;01 - 00;00;56;07
Brad
It's a more of a natural product.
00;00;56;09 - 00;01;22;17
Brad
That we're going to talk about now. Kind of talk about that another day. But I wanted to talk about calves again. You know, I feeding calves. It's always an interesting topic for me. I found this study that just came out looking at feeding calves with an open bucket versus a nipple bucket. So a pretty simple study. I thought it was kind of cool just to see what would happen.
00;01;22;19 - 00;01;29;23
Brad
You know, we've fed calves with nipple buckets when I did our calf feeding study. We use nipple buckets.
00;01;29;23 - 00;01;31;18
Brad
For about three years and.
00;01;31;18 - 00;01;49;10
Brad
Feeding all of the calves that we did. So I thought it was kind of interesting. And we'll kind of dive into this study just to see what it what it showed and if, if there was any difference. I know quite a few farms have fed calves with just a bucket or a pail. Dump the milk in the pail and they drink it.
00;01;49;12 - 00;01;52;12
Brad
And so this study set out to.
00;01;52;14 - 00;01;55;26
Brad
Compare the performance and behavior of calves.
00;01;55;28 - 00;02;01;10
Brad
With these two different feeding systems. Over 70% of.
00;02;01;12 - 00;02;02;20
Brad
Dairy operations.
00;02;02;20 - 00;02;04;19
Brad
In the US use bucket.
00;02;04;19 - 00;02;05;18
Brad
Feeders, and.
00;02;05;18 - 00;02;25;04
Brad
71% of those kind of rely on open bucket. So just a bucket or a pail dump the milk in in the calf drinks it. And why is that? It comes down to most efficient. Most of these farms that use open buckets are rapid.
00;02;25;04 - 00;02;26;08
Brad
Delivery.
00;02;26;10 - 00;02;34;23
Brad
Kind of this operational efficiency. How fast can we feed calves, dump the milk in and they drink it.
00;02;34;24 - 00;02;36;19
Brad
Obviously there's.
00;02;36;21 - 00;02;40;17
Brad
Calves possess a strong biological.
00;02;40;23 - 00;02;41;08
Brad
Urge.
00;02;41;08 - 00;02;52;00
Brad
To suckle. So suckle something or suck on another calf. So trying to figure out, you know, are we sacrificing calf.
00;02;52;00 - 00;02;53;11
Brad
Welfare.
00;02;53;13 - 00;02;53;20
Brad
And.
00;02;53;20 - 00;02;58;10
Brad
Natural behavior for some sort of operational.
00;02;58;12 - 00;03;02;14
Brad
Convenience or fast feeding method? So this study looked at feeding.
00;03;02;14 - 00;03;03;24
Brad
Calves that were individually.
00;03;03;24 - 00;03;05;26
Brad
How so? All individual.
00;03;05;26 - 00;03;07;11
Brad
They did it for eight weeks.
00;03;07;11 - 00;03;13;13
Brad
So calves were weaned about 56 days of life. They got all six.
00;03;13;13 - 00;03;14;12
Brad
Liters of milk.
00;03;14;12 - 00;03;27;13
Brad
So little less than two gallons per day kind of divided into two meals. They fed at 7:00 in the morning at 5:00 at night, and then they also had ad libitum access.
00;03;27;13 - 00;03;29;20
Brad
To water and starter.
00;03;29;22 - 00;03;30;27
Brad
So that's kind.
00;03;30;27 - 00;03;32;07
Brad
Of important.
00;03;32;09 - 00;03;34;08
Brad
As well to have access.
00;03;34;08 - 00;03;35;27
Brad
To water and starter.
00;03;35;29 - 00;03;57;15
Brad
As well as being fed milk. So then they just fed these calves with an open bucket or nipple bucket. The nipple bucket that they used was just a commercial nipple bucket. This was a milk bar. There's other folks out there. I used a system when we were feeding calves, but this was, a milk bar. So they did a lots of behavioral measurements.
00;03;57;15 - 00;04;01;15
Brad
They took body weights, starter intake.
00;04;01;17 - 00;04;03;02
Brad
Measured everything.
00;04;03;05 - 00;04;13;10
Brad
What did we find? Well, if you think about time. So calves that were said in an open bucket. So they're fed.
00;04;13;10 - 00;04;14;09
Brad
Three liters at.
00;04;14;09 - 00;04;20;06
Brad
A time. It took less than two minutes. So 1.86 minutes to consume the.
00;04;20;06 - 00;04;22;14
Brad
Three liters calves that were on a nipple.
00;04;22;14 - 00;04;29;17
Brad
Bucket 5.33 minutes. So every stage of life, these calves always.
00;04;29;17 - 00;04;30;16
Brad
Took longer to.
00;04;30;16 - 00;04;38;23
Brad
Consume the milk with the nipple bucket. And that probably makes intuitive sense. You're you have this sucking reflex and it's just going to take that calf.
00;04;38;23 - 00;04;40;02
Brad
Longer versus.
00;04;40;02 - 00;04;46;12
Brad
Kind of inhaling the milk in less than two minutes. At two weeks of age, the calves.
00;04;46;12 - 00;04;46;25
Brad
That were on.
00;04;46;25 - 00;04;47;05
Brad
A nipple.
00;04;47;05 - 00;04;48;06
Brad
Bucket were over.
00;04;48;06 - 00;04;52;21
Brad
Six minutes. So there is some efficiency, although the calves.
00;04;52;21 - 00;04;53;25
Brad
That were.
00;04;53;28 - 00;04;55;06
Brad
Two weeks of age, about.
00;04;55;06 - 00;04;55;25
Brad
4.5.
00;04;55;25 - 00;05;07;25
Brad
Minutes to consume out of a bucket. So when they're training in that early stage, it's still going to take longer. But if you look at eight weeks at weaning time, a little.
00;05;07;25 - 00;05;08;08
Brad
Over a.
00;05;08;08 - 00;05;10;21
Brad
Minute, a minute and a half on the open.
00;05;10;21 - 00;05;11;03
Brad
Bucket.
00;05;11;03 - 00;05;13;08
Brad
Versus a little less than five.
00;05;13;08 - 00;05;14;13
Brad
So 4.75.
00;05;14;13 - 00;05;18;12
Brad
Minutes to do that. So it just takes you're going to take three.
00;05;18;12 - 00;05;19;08
Brad
More minutes per.
00;05;19;08 - 00;05;22;25
Brad
Calf on a nipple bucket. You know, the nipple feeding.
00;05;22;25 - 00;05;23;24
Brad
Kind of forces the.
00;05;23;24 - 00;05;27;24
Brad
Calf to mimic this natural tube.
00;05;27;24 - 00;05;29;12
Brad
Tongue formation.
00;05;29;14 - 00;05;36;02
Brad
And that slowed the rate of drinking or rapid gulping down the.
00;05;36;02 - 00;05;37;07
Brad
Milk when they were on an.
00;05;37;07 - 00;05;40;08
Brad
Open bucket. So it takes more time. What about.
00;05;40;12 - 00;05;41;06
Brad
Average daily.
00;05;41;06 - 00;05;43;12
Brad
Gain? Well, they didn't find any difference.
00;05;43;12 - 00;05;43;23
Brad
In average.
00;05;43;23 - 00;05;46;28
Brad
Daily gain. These calves are growing about 1.4.
00;05;46;28 - 00;05;49;01
Brad
Pounds per day.
00;05;49;03 - 00;05;52;18
Brad
Average daily gain was the same whether they were fed open.
00;05;52;18 - 00;05;53;22
Brad
Bucket or nipple.
00;05;53;22 - 00;05;58;18
Brad
Bucket. And they didn't find any other difference between the calves in these two.
00;05;58;18 - 00;05;59;27
Brad
Groups, whether.
00;06;00;02 - 00;06;09;19
Brad
Hip height, heart girth and with or height. They were all identical across all of the calves, whether they were fed with an open bucket.
00;06;09;19 - 00;06;11;19
Brad
Or nipple bucket. So really.
00;06;11;21 - 00;06;30;19
Brad
The slower ingestion of milk didn't necessarily penalize physical growth, so didn't affect that. Well, what about starter intake? Despite the same growth, calves fed with an open bucket consumed.
00;06;30;19 - 00;06;33;10
Brad
More pelleted starter than the.
00;06;33;10 - 00;06;40;20
Brad
Calves that were fed the nipple bucket. So the calves that were fed with an open bucket are consuming about a.
00;06;40;20 - 00;06;45;19
Brad
Quarter pound more starter intake per day.
00;06;45;22 - 00;06;46;03
Brad
Than the.
00;06;46;03 - 00;06;47;25
Brad
Calves that were.
00;06;47;27 - 00;06;53;25
Brad
Fed with the nipple bucket. So it's interesting that more grain intake in.
00;06;53;25 - 00;06;55;00
Brad
Calves that were fed in.
00;06;55;07 - 00;07;10;29
Brad
An open bucket. Why might that be? But if you think about it, calves require about 10 to 20 minutes of constant suckling to feel full from from eating. So if they're.
00;07;10;29 - 00;07;12;14
Brad
Drinking their.
00;07;12;17 - 00;07;14;07
Brad
Milk from an open bucket.
00;07;14;07 - 00;07;15;06
Brad
In under two.
00;07;15;06 - 00;07;18;25
Brad
Minutes, they're still having this.
00;07;19;02 - 00;07;26;19
Brad
Urge or this suckling urge has not really been met. Sort of calves redirect this.
00;07;26;21 - 00;07;30;07
Brad
I guess, frustration by aggressively eating.
00;07;30;07 - 00;07;32;10
Brad
Starter concentrate.
00;07;32;12 - 00;07;35;11
Brad
And kind of engaging in.
00;07;35;18 - 00;07;37;29
Brad
Abnormal oral behaviors.
00;07;38;01 - 00;07;45;03
Brad
To self soothe. So the calves that had open buckets, fed in open buckets had higher.
00;07;45;06 - 00;07;45;24
Brad
Starter.
00;07;45;24 - 00;07;53;03
Brad
Intake. And that was really driven by frustration and not necessarily hunger. So looking at the.
00;07;53;03 - 00;07;54;02
Brad
Behavior of the.
00;07;54;02 - 00;07;58;22
Brad
Calves, they're just not full. They drink so fast.
00;07;58;24 - 00;08;03;25
Brad
The calves aren't full so they redirect. Go start eating starter and consume more starter.
00;08;04;02 - 00;08;12;23
Brad
Despite having the same growth. So if you look at some of these other behavioral aspects, when we looked at eating starter. So the calves in an open bucket spend.
00;08;12;23 - 00;08;13;02
Brad
More.
00;08;13;02 - 00;08;14;05
Brad
Time eating.
00;08;14;05 - 00;08;15;14
Brad
Starter 3.7.
00;08;15;14 - 00;08;19;02
Brad
Minutes versus almost two minutes. So they spend about.
00;08;19;02 - 00;08;19;18
Brad
Another.
00;08;19;18 - 00;08;20;27
Brad
Minute during a.
00;08;21;00 - 00;08;26;14
Brad
Four hour time period that these calves were watched for observation. So more time.
00;08;26;14 - 00;08;26;26
Brad
Eating.
00;08;26;26 - 00;08;28;04
Brad
Starter, more time.
00;08;28;04 - 00;08;33;14
Brad
Drinking water, self grooming was about the same. Maybe they had.
00;08;33;14 - 00;08;36;23
Brad
Some other oral behaviors. They were doing.
00;08;36;23 - 00;08;49;18
Brad
Something else, suckling on other things, basically trying to feel satisfied. So they spent in in this behavioral aspect, the calves that had a nipple bucket, again, like I said, they.
00;08;49;18 - 00;08;50;22
Brad
Were spent more time.
00;08;50;22 - 00;08;56;20
Brad
Consuming milk. They looked at rumination as well. So the open bucket calves.
00;08;56;20 - 00;08;58;01
Brad
Spent more time.
00;08;58;04 - 00;08;59;06
Brad
Ruminating during.
00;08;59;06 - 00;09;03;16
Brad
A four hour time period. They spent more time eating starter.
00;09;03;18 - 00;09;06;29
Brad
And nearly double the time.
00;09;07;02 - 00;09;08;15
Brad
Performing.
00;09;08;18 - 00;09;26;15
Brad
Non-Nutritive oral behaviors like sucking things, sucking pen fixtures, sucking other calves. So that was one of the maybe drawbacks to having this open bucket is they've drank milk so fast that they got to find something else to do, and they they go suck.
00;09;26;15 - 00;09;28;02
Brad
On different things around the.
00;09;28;02 - 00;09;37;21
Brad
Pen. So they did some metabolic and digestive indicators as well. So they looked at blood glucose. So the nipple fed calves.
00;09;37;29 - 00;09;39;15
Brad
Had higher glucose.
00;09;39;15 - 00;09;40;03
Brad
Spikes.
00;09;40;03 - 00;09;41;08
Brad
Two hours after.
00;09;41;08 - 00;09;44;29
Brad
Feeding. And this indicates better milk passage rate.
00;09;44;29 - 00;09;46;06
Brad
And curd formation.
00;09;46;06 - 00;09;48;27
Brad
So in the digestive system the.
00;09;48;27 - 00;09;50;02
Brad
Curd formation.
00;09;50;04 - 00;09;50;28
Brad
The milk.
00;09;50;28 - 00;09;52;05
Brad
Forms occurred.
00;09;52;08 - 00;09;56;19
Brad
Which helps in better digestion. So nipple fed calves may be a little.
00;09;56;19 - 00;09;58;18
Brad
Bit better digestion.
00;09;58;20 - 00;10;02;20
Brad
Fecal consistency. The open bucket calves had higher Fico.
00;10;02;20 - 00;10;03;10
Brad
Scores.
00;10;03;10 - 00;10;04;03
Brad
Indicating.
00;10;04;10 - 00;10;04;25
Brad
More.
00;10;04;25 - 00;10;08;19
Brad
Fluid feces, although not necessarily clinical.
00;10;08;19 - 00;10;10;24
Brad
Diarrhea. So more milk scour.
00;10;10;24 - 00;10;16;25
Brad
So they drank so fast that maybe went through them a little bit faster. So they have a little bit.
00;10;16;28 - 00;10;19;03
Brad
Higher fecal scores, but.
00;10;19;03 - 00;10;20;12
Brad
Nothing that looks.
00;10;20;12 - 00;10;22;00
Brad
Any terrible.
00;10;22;02 - 00;10;22;21
Brad
So really.
00;10;22;25 - 00;10;23;23
Brad
Slower.
00;10;23;23 - 00;10;28;02
Brad
Ingestion of milk kind of triggered this satiety.
00;10;28;02 - 00;10;28;24
Brad
Or fullness.
00;10;28;24 - 00;10;36;03
Brad
Feeling. And it improved the physical digestion of the liquid diet. Well, open buckets.
00;10;36;06 - 00;10;39;01
Brad
Increased starter intake, rumination.
00;10;39;01 - 00;10;48;05
Brad
Maybe there's some tradeoffs to having these open buckets. So the kind of open bucket cost I should say they have heightened anxiety.
00;10;48;07 - 00;10;50;15
Brad
So they're looking around.
00;10;50;15 - 00;10;52;20
Brad
Trying to find this. It's like they have this.
00;10;52;23 - 00;10;53;23
Brad
They're starving.
00;10;53;23 - 00;10;54;26
Brad
They've drank so fast.
00;10;54;26 - 00;10;56;15
Brad
And now they think they're starving.
00;10;56;17 - 00;11;06;22
Brad
They have unnatural ingestion speeds. So cows maybe aren't meant to drink milk so fast like that. More of this sucking reflex like you would.
00;11;06;22 - 00;11;07;17
Brad
If they were.
00;11;07;20 - 00;11;08;18
Brad
You know, sucking on their.
00;11;08;18 - 00;11;09;22
Brad
Dam or a beef.
00;11;09;22 - 00;11;11;19
Brad
Calf sucking on their mom. It's going to.
00;11;11;19 - 00;11;13;19
Brad
Be much slower, much slower.
00;11;13;19 - 00;11;16;19
Brad
So they, you know, consume it much faster. They have.
00;11;16;19 - 00;11;18;07
Brad
Looser feces.
00;11;18;09 - 00;11;31;10
Brad
And they become frustrated more often, which results in cross sucking. So that's kind of the interesting fact about all of this. I never really thought about it before, but cross sucking we see calves cross sucking.
00;11;31;10 - 00;11;32;28
Brad
In our dairy.
00;11;33;01 - 00;11;36;20
Brad
And maybe it's because they drink so fast that now.
00;11;36;20 - 00;11;38;03
Brad
They're bored and they got to.
00;11;38;03 - 00;11;48;13
Brad
Go suck on something else. Suck on the pen. Second, another calf that's in the pen. So I don't know, maybe, maybe there is something to this, to this natural.
00;11;48;13 - 00;11;49;29
Brad
Behavior and having more.
00;11;50;01 - 00;11;50;16
Brad
Nipple.
00;11;50;16 - 00;11;52;06
Brad
Feeders for the calves versus.
00;11;52;06 - 00;11;58;10
Brad
Trying to use an open bucket. Obviously the nipple bucket satisfies kind of biology.
00;11;58;12 - 00;12;00;17
Brad
You know, that's their natural state for a.
00;12;00;17 - 00;12;01;23
Brad
Calf to drink.
00;12;01;25 - 00;12;06;27
Brad
More slowly. If they were going to do it on their their mother lowers anxiety.
00;12;06;27 - 00;12;10;05
Brad
So you don't have all these, you know, feelings.
00;12;10;05 - 00;12;11;28
Brad
That they're they're starving.
00;12;12;00 - 00;12;18;05
Brad
And it really supports digestive health. So the nipple bucket satisfies biology.
00;12;18;12 - 00;12;19;00
Brad
Lowered their.
00;12;19;00 - 00;12;20;21
Brad
Anxiety and.
00;12;20;21 - 00;12;22;07
Brad
Maybe better supported.
00;12;22;07 - 00;12;29;04
Brad
Digestive health without sacrificing weight gain. So what is the kind of application.
00;12;29;04 - 00;12;32;10
Brad
Here for for dairy managers.
00;12;32;13 - 00;12;39;29
Brad
And what certainly can can we do? If you sort of summarize this, the pros open bucket.
00;12;39;29 - 00;12;41;12
Brad
Faster chore times.
00;12;41;17 - 00;12;45;28
Brad
You can feed calves much faster because they drink much faster.
00;12;45;28 - 00;12;48;03
Brad
They have higher early starter intake.
00;12;48;03 - 00;12;49;14
Brad
But you have this.
00;12;49;14 - 00;12;50;00
Brad
Looser.
00;12;50;00 - 00;12;53;24
Brad
Feces, increased anxiety and frustration.
00;12;53;24 - 00;12;54;28
Brad
The pros for the nipple.
00;12;54;28 - 00;12;55;28
Brad
Bucket, you know, kind of.
00;12;55;28 - 00;12;56;15
Brad
Mirrors.
00;12;56;15 - 00;13;04;10
Brad
This natural biology. It really helped cut some of these abnormal behaviors in half. And it seems to that you.
00;13;04;10 - 00;13;06;04
Brad
Have calmer calves.
00;13;06;06 - 00;13;15;00
Brad
You know, we all like calm calves and calves that are not rambunctious. So maybe the nipple bucket feeder does something to to calm the calves.
00;13;15;02 - 00;13;15;28
Brad
However.
00;13;16;00 - 00;13;18;02
Brad
It's going to take you longer to feed them.
00;13;18;04 - 00;13;20;05
Brad
That's there's no doubt about that.
00;13;20;05 - 00;13;23;09
Brad
And you maybe have a delayed spike in.
00;13;23;09 - 00;13;23;23
Brad
Starter.
00;13;23;23 - 00;13;43;15
Brad
Intake. So a few things to sort of think about. So what are the practical implications. What are what are we going to do. So how or what do we do. So you can transition to nipple buckets. So adopting this method may improve calf welfare and reduce harmful hen sucking behaviors.
00;13;43;17 - 00;13;45;24
Brad
I think we're all for that. I'm all for trying.
00;13;45;24 - 00;13;51;00
Brad
To prevent calves with sucking on each other. We always see things, happen like that.
00;13;51;00 - 00;13;57;01
Brad
In in our dairy herd as well. Really reframes maybe some starter intake.
00;13;57;03 - 00;14;01;03
Brad
So I don't really panic over low pre weaning.
00;14;01;03 - 00;14;01;16
Brad
Starter.
00;14;01;16 - 00;14;08;15
Brad
Intake. But the data really showed from this study that it did not impact average daily gain. You know.
00;14;08;15 - 00;14;09;23
Brad
Calves were all gaining.
00;14;09;23 - 00;14;12;14
Brad
The same. And probably the biggest thing.
00;14;12;14 - 00;14;13;15
Brad
Is monitoring.
00;14;13;20 - 00;14;17;06
Brad
The weaning transition. So keep an eye on calf behavior.
00;14;17;06 - 00;14;17;29
Brad
And performance.
00;14;17;29 - 00;14;23;11
Brad
Post weaning. You know, we just to make sure that the calves that had.
00;14;23;11 - 00;14;25;07
Brad
Lower starter intake did not create a.
00;14;25;07 - 00;14;43;10
Brad
Lag in solid feed transition. I think that's one of the big things is trying to transition into solid feed and and how you do that. Obviously it's important to look at those calves no matter what you're doing. But I thought this was an interesting study. You know, I use nipple buckets and we use some nipple.
00;14;43;10 - 00;14;45;11
Brad
Feeders when we're feeding our.
00;14;45;11 - 00;14;46;06
Brad
Calves and.
00;14;46;09 - 00;14;47;15
Brad
Really never thought about.
00;14;47;15 - 00;14;55;13
Brad
It. I'm I'm interested with this. The sucking reflex, though. I don't know if I see that all the time. It seems maybe the calves that are drinking.
00;14;55;13 - 00;14;56;13
Brad
Faster.
00;14;56;15 - 00;15;08;11
Brad
Seem to not feel full, but I think that's that's maybe what it all comes down to is if the calves are feeling full, they're not going to go suck on something else in the pan.
00;15;08;11 - 00;15;08;28
Brad
Or another.
00;15;08;28 - 00;15;12;22
Brad
Calf within the pan. And I'm all about that. We've we've had.
00;15;12;22 - 00;15;14;08
Brad
Our fair share of.
00;15;14;10 - 00;15;24;24
Brad
Issues with that and some milking cows that are still sucking on each other. So any way that I can help reduce that is, is a plus. So maybe I need to go back and look at my feeding.
00;15;24;24 - 00;15;27;02
Brad
Program and, and make sure that we're.
00;15;27;02 - 00;15;28;28
Brad
Feeding calves enough.
00;15;29;00 - 00;15;30;13
Brad
So they're full.
00;15;30;16 - 00;15;31;15
Brad
And providing.
00;15;31;20 - 00;15;32;12
Brad
Starter at.
00;15;32;12 - 00;15;34;10
Brad
All times. So if they're full they go.
00;15;34;10 - 00;15;37;23
Brad
Interact with the starter as well as water free choice.
00;15;37;25 - 00;15;48;16
Brad
So with that, I hope you learned a few things about nipple buckets and bucket feedings of calves. Kind of is an interesting study to see. What happened and I don't know.
00;15;48;16 - 00;15;50;10
Brad
Maybe the jury's still out there.
00;15;50;13 - 00;15;51;23
Brad
Whether you should use a bucket.
00;15;51;23 - 00;15;53;07
Brad
Or a nipple feeder.
00;15;53;09 - 00;15;55;19
Brad
You want to feed calves fast?
00;15;55;21 - 00;15;56;27
Brad
The bucket sure is nice.
00;15;56;27 - 00;15;58;27
Brad
And with that, I think we'll leave.
00;15;58;27 - 00;15;59;22
Brad
It there for.
00;15;59;22 - 00;16;22;10
Brad
Today. And do you have any questions, comments, or scathing rebuttals? Feel free to contact me at the newsroom. That's tag demo s r om at. Edu, find us on the web. University of Minnesota Livestock Extension or and Rock dairy. And with that happy feeding camps. But you.