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Every week, Kyle Caldwell and guests take a look at how the biggest stories and emerging trends could affect your investments, with practical tips and ideas to help you navigate your way through. Join the conversation, tell us what you want us to talk about or send us a question to OTM@ii.co.uk. Visit www.ii.co.uk for more investment insight and ideas.
Hello. I'm Kyle Caldwell, and this is on the money, a weekly look how to make the most out of your savings and investments. Now in the coming weeks on ii.co.uk, we're gonna be writing lots of articles looking back at the winners and losers for stock markets, funds, investment trusts, ETFs in 2025. But for our last podcast episode of this year, I wanted to look ahead to prospects for stock markets in 2026. And joining me to discuss his investment predictions for 2026 is Richard Hunter, who is head of markets at Interactive Investor.
Richard Hunter:Hi, Kyle.
Kyle Caldwell:So, Richard, each year, you come up with an acronym that highlights the key things for investors to watch in the year. Let's just very briefly cover off twenty twenty five's acronym, which was digital. So digital stood for dollar, inflation, growth, interest rates, tariffs, AI reckoning, and large cap versus small caps. I do think with lots of the predictions that you made, Richard, you were really on the money as all of those factors did influence stock market and investor behavior in 2025.
Kyle Caldwell:For me, if I have to pick one, I feel like US tariffs stood out the most in terms of influence as, of course, we early this year has a quite heavy drawdown for The US stock market, and by extension, the global stock market due to the uncertainty and the the unknowns over how US tariff policies will play out and how it will impact certain businesses, certain sectors, and certain industries. We now know with the benefit of hindsight that we had very strong stock market recovery play out from early April onwards when US president Donald Trump eased stock market nerves by announcing a ninety day pause on US tariffs. Now tariffs don't form part of your investment acronym for 2026. So before we get onto that, I wanted to ask you for your thoughts on US tariffs and the risks that they pose for stock markets. Are tariffs now potentially in the rearview mirror as we now know a lot more about them?
Kyle Caldwell:It's not an unknown unknown anymore. It's now a known. So does that mean that they are less of a risk for markets going forward?
Richard Hunter:I think a lot of the sting has been taken out for the reasons that you describe. It's not to say they won't continue to be a factor next year. We have had a situation with certain countries in The US where they've been able to absorb the kind of effects, and some of this has been passed on to the customer. And of course, one of the dangers remains that they are potentially inflationary. We're also in a situation, certainly in terms of The US, where in terms of the Fed's dual mandate, they're now rather more concentrating on the labor market part of the equation rather than the inflation part of the equation.
Richard Hunter:So obviously when you realise the world's largest central bank is less focused on inflation, that should be a good thing. However, that's not to say there couldn't be a couple of things that we still need to be looking out for. For starters, there's currently a legal challenge going on in The States as to whether the introduction of the tariffs was lawful in the first place. They're meant to be introduced in times of economic crisis, it will be difficult to describe The US situation as economic crisis at the moment. So watch this space as that one unfolds.
Richard Hunter:And of course, the other thing is that we're currently in the middle of a truce in terms of the tariffs between the world's two largest powers, China and The US. At some point a decision will need to be made whether to extend that truce or whether to reintroduce a tariff. So it's not to say that tariffs are going to go away or the tariff implications are going to go away, but at least we are more aware now of the places to look, which in theory should be less of a market mover.
Kyle Caldwell:And in terms of if you're owning an individual company, you should know by now about whether that business will or not be impacted by tariffs as they will have had to report it to the market already and informed fellow investors that actually US tariffs are gonna impact us in x, y, and zed way. And I have seen a number of companies, you know, set aside a certain amount of money, or they've got across to investors that actually tariffs are gonna hit us in the pocket by x amount. So that information should now already be out there and readily available.
Richard Hunter:Yeah. That's right. And, of course, markets and investors can deal with bad news all day long. They get tested on a weekly, if not a daily basis, but it's the uncertainty which tends to unsettle investors. Any extra layer of detail, which is, of course, helpful.
Richard Hunter:Yeah.
Kyle Caldwell:So let's now move on to your investment factors to watch in 2026. So you've slightly broken from position this year, Richard. As I've noticed, you've now got two acronyms, which are chaos and calm. So let's firstly run through the more bearish scenario of 2026 bringing chaos to markets. So chaos stands for concentration risk, hard landing, Asian uncertainty, overvaluation and shift in investment behavior.
Kyle Caldwell:Richard, could you briefly run through each of those?
Richard Hunter:Yeah, for sure. I mean in terms of concentration risk, which of course has been something of a concern for a little while now. It's estimated, for example, that in terms of the entire market cap of the benchmark S and P 500, just the magnificent seven account account for around 35% of that. And the problem with that is we've to hear the expression now the S and P four ninety three as one as being a place to look, particularly in a slightly easier monetary environment that we're seeing towards the December 2025. But as things currently stand and despite a sort of lessening of the euphoria around the AI trade, the fact remains that there are those seven companies which have a disproportionate impact on the way the market tends to move.
Richard Hunter:Hard landing, well, the Federal Reserve is just lowering interest rates by a quarter of a percentage point. Some in the market had been calling for more and more often. In terms of 2026, it seems like there's only, according to the current Fed projections, probably only one more to come. Again, the market is pricing in two or three. And the reason hard landing could be a problem quite simply is if the Fed has missed the boat and anything like a slowdown or indeed a technical recession were to take hold.
Richard Hunter:There's another interesting development on the horizon as well, which is the replacement of the Fed chair and the current speculation seems to be that whoever the replacement is could be more dovish, obviously would, all things being equal, lead to more interest rate cuts, more of a boost to the economy. Asian uncertainty well, we've already mentioned the tariff truce between China and The US. That's something that's a fractious relationship at the best of times, so again you can expect up or downs as we move through. But obviously being the world's second largest economy, and indeed Asian markets as a whole do have an impact on global markets, and of late there's been something of a geopolitical spat between China and Japan around the status of Taiwan, So obviously that's one to be keeping an eye out, because emerging markets increasingly have been seen as a potential area for growth. O for overvaluation.
Richard Hunter:Well, S and P five hundred trading on about 30 times earnings which compares with something near half of that for the FTSE one hundred for example. Some of that of course is around the proliferation of technology stocks and indeed the MAG seven stocks that we've already mentioned. So obviously, if stocks are being overvalued I don't particularly like the AI bubble comparison with the .com boom on the basis that around the turn of the century, know, many of the companies on a 100 times earnings had failed to make any revenue, let alone profit, whereas a lot of the current AI investment is coming from some of the real mega accounts, the Microsofts of this world who are taking it taking part of the investment from, you know, their existing cash position. Shifting investment behaviour. Well, much as you can have the FOMO trade fear of missing out on the way up, can also have investors rushing for the door should they see something that really does worry them.
Richard Hunter:And of course, we've not had a real test yet of something any more systemic, I hope we don't, but despite Liberation Day, tariff uncertainty, geopolitical concerns which have been a feature this year, markets have ended up in a very positive position with the FUTURE 100 and the three main US indices posting gains of between 1420% for the year.
Kyle Caldwell:And in terms of what investors can practically do to navigate some of those risks, with concentration risk, as you point out, Richard, I mean, seven companies account for a very large proportion of the S and P 500 index. But there are various ways to reduce concentration risk. One of those is to consider an equally weighted ETF. What these ETFs do is that they own stocks in an equal proportion. So for the S and P 500 index, they would own naught point 2% of each company, rather than the typical market cap weighted approach that most traditional index funds and ETFs adopt.
Kyle Caldwell:And, of course, with an actively managed funds, you could potentially pair that with a global index fund or a global ETF. But one thing you should really look under the hood and ensure that the global active funds is investing sufficiently different from the global tracker fund. It's bringing something different to the party, and it is complementing exposure to having exposure to the global stock market. So it's really important to look under the bonus, understand how the fund's investing, how it's seeking to outperform, and is it investing sufficiently differently away from the global stock market index? Because if it's not, then you may not get different you may you may not get performance that's vastly different from the global stock market.
Kyle Caldwell:You can also in terms of your points you made there, Richard, regarding whether The US stock market is overvalued or not, of course, there are cheaper regions. One of those is our very own UK market, which is carrying much lower valuations than The US stock market. Of course, The UK stock market's not as cheap as it was. It's had a strong run this year. But again, if you look under the bonnet, it has been the biggest companies at the top end of the 4,100 index that have led the rally.
Kyle Caldwell:If you look below the 4,100 index for the forty two fifty or the forty two fifth or the forty three fifty index, which contain mid cap and small cap companies, they're trading on much cheaper valuations relative to larger companies. What are your thoughts, Richard, in terms of where the best value opportunities are at present in The UK stock market?
Richard Hunter:Well, I think 2025 has seen The UK market come in from the investment wilderness that it's been on the global stage for a number of years now. In theory that should position it well for further growth. One of the things that has tended to hold the index back has been its lack of exposure to technology stocks. In terms of 2025 that's been a good thing, not necessarily for good reasons. One of the best performing sectors has been the defence sector where government spending has been, you know, forced to have been upped on the basis of some of the tensions we've had.
Richard Hunter:We've also had a very good year for the miners and the resource sector in general, not least of which because of a gold price which has been hitting record highs. And we've also seen increasing evidence of the strengths of UK banks, particularly compared to pre financial crisis. And I think in terms of value, and certainly compared to a lot of its global international peers, there is still value to be had within, you know, at the top table. And I would certainly mention UK banks within that, not only the fact of their actual stability, but also their concentration on shareholder returns, whether that be in terms of buyback programs because they are or they have excess capital at the moment or indeed increased dividends. I think another sector worth looking at and again AstraZeneca is pretty much the biggest company within the 4,100 is the pharmaceutical sector in general.
Richard Hunter:Their biggest playground AstraZeneca and GSK is indeed The States. There is certainly no slowdown in the advances currently being made in the technology space, especially those driven by AI And whilst the likes of Astra have had a particularly strong run, inevitably there could be further to go, particularly if a blockbuster drug wants to show itself. And I think possibly in terms of a slightly more unloved trade, and again still within the Fortune 100, it could be worth looking towards those stocks with an exposure to China. China has been held back in 2025 for a number of reasons, to have already mentioned The US relationship, but they've also got a beleaguered property sector, high youth unemployment, pretty tepid consumer demand as well. If we were to see the authorities step in, as they have done in the past with stimulus, that could be good for China.
Richard Hunter:And the likes of Prudential and even Burberry, with that Chinese exposure, could see the benefit.
Kyle Caldwell:In your view, as you've mentioned, there's plenty of value still to be had within the FUTU 100, so investors don't necessarily need to look outside of it and look towards the more domestically focused companies?
Richard Hunter:They can do that in addition. It really depends on your level of risk. One of the beauties of the FUTURE 100 is it tends to be typified by strong, companies. Average dividend yield is about 3.1% as we speak. If if you you're an income investor, there's an immediate amount of inverted commas, almost guaranteed dividend income that you can take.
Richard Hunter:If you're more of a growth or long term investor, reinvest your dividends and ultimately benefit from compound interest.
Kyle Caldwell:As we talk about a lot on the podcast, there's always risks associated with markets. I think if there weren't any risks, that'd be a risk in itself. And one way to navigate risk over the long term is to have a diversified portfolio, again, which we speak about a lot on the podcast. And in terms of setting up that portfolio, what that means is that you have different types of investments, different sectors, different geographies, different asset classes. And what this does is it gives your portfolio ample opportunity to grow over the long term, but it also helps to smooth returns when stock markets have periods of weakness, which they inevitably do.
Kyle Caldwell:Richard, let's now move on to the more optimistic scenario in 2026 of stock markets being CALM. So taking each letter in turn, CALM stands for currency weakness, AI powered innovation, and payback, lowered interest rates and magnificent seven growth continues. Richard, could you talk through each of those?
Richard Hunter:Yeah. I mean, the currency weakness one doesn't sound like a strength or a positive, but where we're coming from on that particular point is the often overlooked fact that the Fortune 100 is absolutely full of global companies. In fact, it's estimated that around 70% of the entire earning to be able to come from overseas and from the likes of The States in particular. So should we get a weaker sterling from lower interest rates if that were to happen in The UK, Other, know, other currencies would strengthen. If you only get one interest rate in The States, then the dollar, all things being equal, shouldn't weaken too much further.
Richard Hunter:But if the dollar regains its strength, particularly its haven status, means that earnings are more valuable for those companies because the value of those earnings is worth much more on repatriation. So counterintuitive though it might sound, currency weakness can actually be good for the FTSE one hundred and its constituents. AI powered innovation and payback. Well, at some point, the hundreds of billions, if not trillions of dollars of investment, we've seen being ploughed into AI, is going to need to show its face in terms of whether that money has been over invested or if it hasn't, what sort of time frame we're looking at for payback. Now perhaps some of the actual advances that are being made from AI, particularly in the healthcare sector, where some of the advances are quite extraordinary, know, the likelihood of personalised medicine is no longer science fiction, it's coming nearer and nearer because of the amount of data that can be crunched.
Richard Hunter:There are all sorts of other innovations coming through which should make the world a better place. And the question is whether some of these get highlighted next year that could ease a lot of the concerns that investors might have around over investment, when it can be demonstrated that there are real everyday benefits already starting to wash through. Lower interest rates fairly self explanatory. It seems that the Bank of England is going to have to be forced at some point to recognise that while inflation is a bit stickier than it would like, The UK is a flailing economy and it's badly in need of a shot in the arm, and the easiest tool that it has at its disposal would simply be to lower interest rates. So all things being equal, that should inject some life, not just into the FTSE one hundred, but probably even more so into the FTSE two fifty.
Richard Hunter:And even at the lowest end of the capitalisation index, smaller businesses tend to borrow more in order to grow their businesses needless to say, interest rates, lower borrowing costs. And finally, magnificent seven. Well, what if all those things come together? We start to see AI pay back. They continue to live within their economic moats, they continue to break barriers down in terms of revenues that they are currently achieving through, you know, not only AI growth but also the amount of money they're making from cloud and so on.
Richard Hunter:So it's not inconceivable, even if they are overvalued, it's not inconceivable that the MAG seven growth could actually continue, which would obviously put a fairly strong foundation under the market and indeed global sentiment for the entirety of the year.
Kyle Caldwell:I'm gonna end with a couple of thoughts on AI. It's a key question at the moment, and as you've mentioned, Richard, there are some concerns. The the amount of money, some of these biggest well, the world's biggest companies are spending on AI, whether they're spending too much, and whether in future they'll actually get it back in terms of making enough money from the investments that they're making. So we've interviewed a number of full managers in our insider interview video series, which you can check out on our YouTube channel. We've interviewed six full managers in total in which they've looked back at how stock markets have performed or the the area that they invest in has performed in 2025, and they've also looked ahead to prospects for 2026.
Kyle Caldwell:I asked both Gabrielle Boyle, who's a full manager at Troy, and Ian Rees, who's a full manager at Ruffa, for their views on whether the huge amounts of money being spent on developing AI applications is giving them cause for concern. They both stress the importance of keeping a close eye on whether valuations and the share prices for a AI related businesses match up. The danger, of course, is that those future growth expectations overshoot. There's too much hope, too much expectation, and in those instances, elevated share prices will then take the strain, and it'll it'll particularly harm investors that have been very late to the technology party and have only been buying in recently. That being said, as you've outlined, Richard, the so called magnificent seven stocks and indeed other AI related businesses could well deliver against the elevated level of earnings expectations.
Kyle Caldwell:So Polar Capital Technology Trust is one of the main ways for retail investors to gain exposure to a collection of different technology businesses. And within that investment trust, it invests in a number of technology trends. One of those is AI. It's long standing for manager Ben Rogoff gave three reasons recently explaining the differences between today and the .com bubble. So he said, while valuations are extended, we do not believe they are extreme nor at bubble levels today.
Kyle Caldwell:The technology sector is trading at around 30 times on the forward earnings per share ratio, and this compares to 50 times earnings per share ratio during the .com bubble. Another point that he made is this while AI investment is large and it's growing quickly, it's far from the bubble levels compared to its historical technology build outs. And the fair point he made, which you alluded to earlier, Richard, is that the source of capital is very different to today compared to the .com bubble, as most AI CapEx has so far been funded through balance sheets and cash flows of the world's biggest companies. He points out that while leverage is picking up, only 7% of AI CapEx has been financed with debt. But, of course, Richard, time will tell, and I'm sure I'll have you back on the podcast around this time next year to discuss what went on and whether your investment predictions and themes run through.
Richard Hunter:Very much look forward to it, Carl. Here's to 2026.
Kyle Caldwell:Richard, thank you for your time.
Richard Hunter:Pleasure.
Kyle Caldwell:And thank you for listening to this episode of On the Money. This is the last episode of 2025. We'll be returning on the 01/08/2026, and I'd like to wish all our listeners a great festive period. And in the meantime, you can find more information and practical pointers on the Interactive Investor website, which is ii.co.uk, and I'll see you in 2026.