Understanding great literature is better than trying to read and understand (yet) another business book, Leadership Lessons From The Great Books leverages insights from the GREAT BOOKS of the Western canon to explain, dissect, and analyze leadership best practices for the post-modern leader.
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Out. Hello, my name is Hasan
Sorrells, and this is the Leadership Lessons from the Great Books
podcast, episode number 16 with
our book Today Our Author Today,
this Guy. Today we are going to
be reading insights and excerpts
that are the results or
that are about documenting the results of oppression,
suppression and the loss of the freedom
of speech. Sure, freedom was
restored, but as we have
as we wrap up the month, as we come to the end of a month
focused on writers of Russian descent,
where we have covered Lenin and Chekhov and
Dostoyevsky on the podcast, we've arrived
at the clearing at the end of the
totalitarian path. And
there in the clearing at the end of that path
stands a monumental giant of 20th
century literature. Whether you agree with his
conclusions or not, the anti
communist writer Alexander
Solzhenitsyn.
From the Gulag Archipelago.
That's what rest is. It's a blinding
flash and a blow which shifts the present instantly
into the past and the impossible into omnipotent
actuality. That's all.
And neither for the first hour nor for the first day will you be able
to grasp anything else except that in your
desperation the fake circus moon will blink at you. It's a mistake.
They'll set things right. And everything which is
by now comprised in the traditional, even literary
image of an arrest will pile up and take shape not in your own
disordered memory, but in what our family and your
neighbors in your apartment remember
the sharp nighttime ring or the rude knock at the door,
the insolent entrance of the unwiped jackboots of the
unsleeping state security operatives,
the frightened and cowed civilians witness at their backs.
And what functions does this civilian witness serve? The
victim doesn't even dare think about it, and the operatives don't remember, but that's what
the regulations call for. And so he has to sit there all night long and
sign in the morning for the witness jerked from his bed. It is
torture too, to go out night after night to help arrest his own neighbors
and acquaintances. The
traditional image of arrest is also trembling hands packing for
the victim, a change of underwear, a piece of soap, something to
eat. And no one knows what it is that is needed, what is
permitted, what clothes are best to wear. And the security
agents keep interrupting and hurrying you. You don't need anything,
they'll feed you there. It's warm There it's all
lies. They keep hurrying you to
frighten you. The traditional
image of an arrest is also what
happens afterward, when the poor victim has been
taken away. It is an alien,
brutal and crushing force, totally dominating the
apartment for hours on end. A breaking, ripping
open, pulling from the walls, emptying things from wardrobes and desks
onto the floor, shaking, dumping out and ripping apart, piling up mountains of litter
on the floor, and the crunch of things being trampled beneath
jackboots. And nothing is sacred in the search.
During the rest of the locomotive engineer in Ocean, a
tiny coffin stood in his room containing the body of his newly
dead child. The
jurists dumped the child's body out of
the coffin and searched it. They shake sick people
out of their sick beds, and they unwind bandages to search beneath
them for those left behind after the
arrest. There is the long tail end of a wrecked and
devastated life, and the attempts to go and
deliver food parcels. But from all the windows,
the answer comes in barking voices. Nobody here by
that name. Never heard of him.
Yes, and in the worst days in Leningrad, it took
five days of standing in crowded lines just to get to that window.
And it may be only after half a year or a year that the arrested
person responds at all. Or else the answer
is tossed out, deprived of the right to correspond.
And that means, once and for all, no right to
correspondence. And that, almost
for certain, means has been
shot.
That's how we picture arrest
to ourselves.
Sam.
In the west in 2022,
shockingly enough, freedom of speech is on the ropes
everywhere you look. Speech is confused with
physical violence. Speech is confused with
intent. Speech is confused with
hurting my feelings.
And this is not the
legacy of the West. This is not
what people fought and died for in the West.
People fought and died in the west, and quite frankly in the east, for
the right to speak and the
responsibility to accept the consequences.
All of them, not just the ones we feel comfortable with, of
such speech. We can talk
about platforms and public squares versus private
all we want, but fundamentally, at the end of the day,
speech is really the only thing that we have.
And as a person who makes his living
talking, speech is very
valuable to me.
When we think about freedom of speech, we have to think about where the suppression
of that speech ultimately winds us up at, and it should
scare the living hell out of us. And I don't say that
lightly. There are consequences
to the suppression of free speech, and I don't care if you're a
soft totalitarian or a hardcore one. The
totalizing impact of Suppressing speech, the totalizing
impact of oppressing views you don't like
does have an impact on the future
on this podcast. While we are not political, we are about leadership.
And leadership does eventually intersect with politics and culture and
family and everything else, even creation itself, just
as speech does. Leaders need
to speak freely in order
to lead effectively.
Remember I said in the west, the freedom of speech is on the ropes. Well,
it's on the ropes for three reasons, and I've kind of gilded the
lily a little bit. I've kind of gleaned over them a little bit, but I
want to go in depth about all three of them. Freedom of speech
is on the ropes because freedom of speech is inherently socially unjust.
There is no room for social human
justice inside of the freedom of speech. As a matter of fact, that's a
construct that doesn't even exist.
The other reason freedom of speech is on the ropes is because it exposes
those in power, regardless of their ideologies,
who would seek to be our betters. It
exposes them to ridicule. I was. I was watching the
Adventures of Robin Hood, a ironically enough
Disney movie, the other day, and. And King John
was undone by freedom of speech.
As a matter of fact, the only way he could suppress the speech was by
locking everybody else who was speaking, all
the other animals anyway in prison, including
the rooster who was strumming
the bandolier. So free speech is inherently
socially unjust. It puts the people in power, regardless of
their ideology, in danger of being exposed as the
tyrants that they actually are. And finally, freedom of
speech exposes to the raw,
sanitizing light of day the contradictory
nature of systems of all types, but mostly of a
system, the current system we are living in, in 2022, that
promises material comfort, but that can
only really deliver genuine inequality.
And we don't like that. We don't like that at all.
If you're looking for a reason for why freedom of speech must exist beyond the
ones that I've just mentioned and why it must be robustly defended.
It's because if words lead to the hearer feeling
hurt, demoralized, or disempowered, it doesn't mean that
those words can be conflated with actual physical violence.
And I want to hit on that quite hard today,
because actual physical violence is what happens when you
seek to curb speech. And we will see that today
throughout not only our readings here, but also
through the observations of others who have written about
these readings that we're going to read on this podcast today.
Totalitarians and tyrants don't like to be critiqued.
And, and they have feelings, you know, they're, they're
people. They can be, they can be hurt, they can be wounded.
Yes, I'm at the top of the hierarchical ladder, but do I
not bleed? Do I not also hurt?
Well, yeah, you do. And you're the ideal. And because you're at
the top, well, we see your butt, all of us
below you. Freedom of speech encourages humility
in leaders. Fortunately
for us, there are books that you can still get, and I would
recommend buying them before you can't get them
anymore, that expose the outcomes of both
suppressing speech and they show the power of speech
unleashed, how it can completely and utterly
destroy totalitarian institutions if even
just a drop of it is allowed to exist, which is why
totalizing ideologies seek to curb it everywhere
they can. The best
of these kinds of books
include 1984 and Animal Farm, Brave New
World. But in the late 20th century, in the
late 20th century, the
Gulag Archipelago by Alexander Solzhenitsyn
really was the drip of acid
that followed a first drip of acid one day
in the life of Ivan Denisovich that began
to slowly and surely
corrode away and eventually destroy the,
the totalizing ideal that Lenin
had created in his revolution
all those decades ago.
One other point about free speech that I want to make here before I go
and back it up with the rest of this podcast today. When leaders
seek to build a heaven on earth in the philosophical and
the theoretical and even in the rhetorical, they
usually wind up in the practical, building hell
instead. And then those same leaders
will dare to put up a sign, metaphorically and
rhetorically, designed to convince the
denizens trapped within their own
hells that they are in fact in
heaven. And all of these
lies need to be exposed
through free and unfettered speech.
Sam,
Back to the Gulag
Archipelago. The version that we are
going to be reading from today is the Perennial
Library version, a little bit different than the Vintage Classic
version. This version of the Gulag Archipelago
was published in by Harper
and Rowe Publishers back in the day
in 1973. So if you
have the edition most recently released by
Vintage Classics that has the introduction
from Dr. Jordan Peterson, an introduction that we will
be reading some selections from today, it may not match
the version that we've got. We have some interesting information here,
particularly in this book in, in chapter
two that we are going to be reading from today, the
chapter entitled the History. Let me pull off the
little thing here. The history of our Sewage
Disposal System. An
ironic title for a chapter in literature,
if there ever was one.
And I quote directly from the Gulag Archipelago from
1973. In compiling this list, the most difficult thing is
to begin partly because the further back into the decades one
goes, the fewer the eyewitnesses who are left and the therefore the light
of common knowledge has gone out and darkness has set in, and the written chronicles
either do not exist or are kept under Locke
and Key. Also, it is not entirely fair to
consider a single category the especially brutal years of the civil war
and the first years of peacetime, when mercy might
have been expected.
But even before there was any civil war, it could be seen that Russia, due
to the makeup of its population, was obviously not suited for any sort of
socialism whatsoever. It was totally
polluted. One of the first blows of the dictatorship was
directed against the cadets, the members of the Constitutional
Democratic Party. Under the Czar they had
constituted the most dangerous ranks of the revolution, and under the government of the proletariat,
they represented the most dangerous ranks of the reaction.
At the end of November 1917, on the occasion of the first
scheduled convening of the Constituent assembly, which did not take place,
the Cadet party was outlawed and arrests of its members
began. About the same time,
people associated with the alliance for the Constituent assembly and
the students enrolled in the soldiers universities were being
thrown in the jug.
Knowing the sense and spirit of the revolution, it is easy to guess that during
these months such central prisons as Kretsky in Petrograd and the
Buchiri in Moscow, and many, many provincial prisons like them were filled with
wealthy men, prominent public figures, generals and officers, as well
as the officials of ministries and of the state apparatus who refused
to carry out the orders of the new authority. One of the first
operations of the Cheka was to arrest the entire Committee
of the All Russian Union of Employees. By the way, the
Cheka. The Cheka is the nkvd, which would later
be called the kgb, which would much later
have a person working in it that you may know
by the name of Vladimir Putin.
Back to the history of our sewage disposal system.
One of the first circulars of the NKVD in December 1917
stated, quote, in the view of sabotage by officials,
use maximum initiative in localities, not excluding
confiscation, compulsion and arrests.
And even though V.I. lenin, at the end of 1917, in order to
establish, quote, unquote, strictly revolutionary order,
demanded, quote, merciless suppression of attempts at anarchy on the
part of drunkards, hooligans, counter revolutionaries and other persons,
in other words, Foresaw that drunkards and hooligans represented the principal
danger to the October Revolution, with counter revolutionaries
somewhere back in third place, he nonetheless put the problem more
broadly. In his essay how to organize the
competition, January 7th and 10th, 1918.
V.I. lenin proclaimed the common united purpose of purging the
Russian land of all kinds of harmful insects, unquote.
And under the term insects, he included not only all class
enemies, but also workers malingering at their
work. For example, the typesetters of the Petrograd Party
printing shops. That is what time
does. It is difficult for us nowadays to understand how workers would just
become dictators, were immediately inclined
to malinger at work they were doing for themselves.
And then again, in what block of a big city, in
what factory, in what village, are there not saboteurs who call themselves
intellectuals? True,
the forms of insect purging which Lenin conceived of in this
essay were most varied. In some places they would be placed
under arrest, in other places set to cleaning latrines. In some,
after having served their time in punishment cells, they would be handed yellow
tickets. In others,
parasites would be shot.
Elsewhere you could take your pick of imprisonment or punishment
at forced labor of the hardest kind.
Even though he perceived and suggested the basic directions punishment should
take, Vladimir Ilyich proposed that
communes and communities should compete to
find the best methods of
purging.
Sam.
There are different versions of the Gulag Archipelago.
I want to address this versions question right off the bat
or concern. If you're thinking about this as I. As we read
from these various versions and put things together, I want to address this because up
front, because this can be somewhat confusing and it can also
cause people to question the validity or the credibility of the argument that
Solzhenitsyn is making in the Gulag Archipelago. Not in One Day in the
Life of Ivan Denisovich that seems to be a pure manuscript,
but this version,
this book, seems to have struggled to get it right.
And I don't mean that Solzhenitsyn struggled to get it right. But
there's different versions because of the problems
that arise, because many on the political
left worldwide, they had
problems with Solzhenitsyn's assertions about the nature of
communism in the Soviet Union. And of
course they control, and still do in many
cases globally, the the dissemination of
culture, including literature, across the globe. And
so, because they couldn't confirm the things that Solzhenitsyn was
saying, they waited and they then
sought to counterbalance Solzhenitsyn's assertions
in his book the Gulag Archipelago against
what the KGB and other declassified documentation
about communism stated about the system In a post
1989 context, in the context we all live in
now. Now, the problem with
counterbalancing the the
unclassified documents with what Solzhenitsyn
saying that the problem there lies in the fact that
the entire dialectic of Marxism is
fundamentally and foundationally
founded in perpetual grievance and
extremely sophisticated manipulation
of language, which the common people
call lying. Marxism
is basically a lie. Actually, there's no basically to it. It is
a lie. And communism was built on the foundation of Marxism.
Did Marx get to some truth about the historical forces
that are between groups of people? Sure.
But even a wrong clock is right at least once a day.
That doesn't mean that it's right the rest of the time,
though. And so, in adopting this counterbalancing of
Solzhenitsyn public intellect, individuals of all
stripes on both the right and the left have sought to whittle
down Solzhenitsyn into something else.
However, there is a person who has chosen to take
Solzhenitsyn at his word and has looked at the
history of oppression and has chosen to
stare at the facts as they are and tell the
truth. And this would be the Canadian psychologist who
author, podcaster and public lecturer Dr. Jordan Peterson.
From Dr. Jordan Peterson, from the introduction to
the new version of the Gulag Archipelago, the vintage classics
version of the Gulag Archipelago, and I quote extensively,
it was Solzhenitsyn who demonstrated that the death of millions and the devastation of
many more were instead a direct
causal consequence of the philosophy. Worse,
perhaps, the theology driving the communist system,
the hypothetically egalitarian universalist doctrines of Karl
Marx contained hidden within them sufficient hatred,
resentment, envy and denial of individual culpability and
responsibility to produce nothing but poison and death
when manifested to the world.
For Marx, man was a member of a class, an economic
class, a group that and little more, and history
nothing but the battleground of classes of groups. His
admirers regarded and continue to regard Marx's doctrine as
one of compassion, moral by definition, virtuous by
fiat. Consider the working classes in all their
oppression and work forthrightly to free them. But
hate may well be a stronger and more compelling motivator than love.
In consequence, it took no time in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution for
solidarity with the common man and the apparently laudable demand for universal equality
to manifest its unarticulated and ever darkening shadow.
First came the most brutal indictment of the class enemy.
Then came the ever expanding definition of that enemy until every single person
in the entirety of the state found him or herself at risk of encapsulation within
that insatiable and devouring net.
The verdict delivered to those deemed at fault by those who
elevated themselves to the simultaneously held positions of judge, jury and
executioner. The necessity to eradicate the
victimizers, the oppressors, in toto without consideration
whatsoever for reactionary niceties such as individual
innocence. Let us
note as well, this outcome wasn't the result of the initially pristine Marxist
doctrine becoming corrupt over time, but something apparent and present at the very
beginning of the Soviet state itself.
Solzhenitsyn cites, for example, one Martin Latsis,
writing for the Newspaper Red Terror, November
1, 1918, quote, we are not fighting against
single individuals. We are exterminating the bourgeoisie as a class.
It is not necessary during the interrogation to look for evidence proving that the accused
opposed the Soviets by word or action. The first question
you should ask him is, what class does he belong to? What is his origin,
his education, his profession? These are the questions that will determine the fate of
the accused, such as the sense and essence of Red
Terror, unquote.
It is necessary to think when you read such a thing, to
meditate long and hard on the message. It is necessary to recognize, for
example, that the writer believed that it would be better to execute 10,000
potentially innocent individuals than to allow one poisonous member of the oppressor class to
remain free. It is equally necessary to pose the question,
who precisely belonged to that hypothetical entity, the bourgeoisie?
It is not as if the boundaries of such a category are self evident. There
are, therefore the mere perceiving,
they must be drawn. But where
exactly? And more importantly, by whom? Or by
what? If it's hate inscribing the lines instead of love,
they will inevitably be drawn so that the lowest, meanest, most cruel and useless
of the conceptual geographers will be justified in manifesting the
greatest possible evil and producing the greatest possible
misery. Members of the bourgeoisie, beyond all
redemption, they had to go as a matter of course. What of their wives,
children, even their grandchildren?
Off with their heads too. All were incorrigibly
corrupted by their class identity and their destruction, therefore ethically
necessitated. How convenient that the darkest
and direst of all possible motivations could be granted the highest
moral standing. That was as
true. That was as true. A marriage of heaven and
hell. What
values, what philosophical presumptions truly dominated
under such circumstances?
Was it a desire for brotherhood, dignity
and freedom from want? Not in the least. Not
given the outcome it was instead, and obviously the
murderous rage of hundreds of thousands of biblical
Cains, each looking to torture,
destroy and sacrifice their own private
ables. There is simply
no other manner of accounting
for the corpses.
The primacy of the importance of the
individual to be seen either by the nation
state or by the corporation, it matters
not, is the struggle of genuine
intentional leadership.
Leaders seek to bend the apparatus of a
truly ethical state, including the apparatus of a
nation state, right? It could be any state that they're in, could be the state
of their family, could be the state of their community, it could be the state
of their company, any state. They seek to bend the
apparatus of that state away from the work
of hiding, away from the individual. And
they seek to move, they seek to push. They seek to bend the
apparatus of the institution, the organization, the
systems that they are in toward acknowledging the
consequences of the responsibilities that the individual
carries. And this is a fundamental thing that is missing in Marxism. It's
a fundamental thing that is missing in Communism. It's a fundamental thing that is
missing underneath cries
for social media justice
rather than an acknowledgment of
individual responsibility.
When leaders don't do this work, when instead they follow the
crowd, when instead they, they do what the crowd wants,
that, that the acts of
moving the apparatus towards
actual individual justice become blocked, they become, they
become cordoned off. There's barriers, there's impasses.
And moving and ameliorating these blocks,
these impasses and these barriers becomes the true work of an
intentional leader. And of course, one of the biggest blocks, one of the
biggest barriers in
moving the inertia of a nation state away from
repression, towards, towards freedom and maintaining it
in the direction of actual freedom is this idea.
It is a big idea, but it is this idea of protecting
speech. Look, repression inside
of totalitarian systems isn't a bug, it's an actual
feature. And if you're too naive as a leader to believe
that, or you're too willing to only look at the
bright side of humanity and miss the dark side
entirely, you will always be taken by surprise by how dark
human beings can actually become.
Leaders must overcome laziness and willful blindness and
arrogance and a sense of entitlement in order to bend the arc of the
organization away from apathy, away from,
hey, can't we all just get along towards,
can't we all just take some responsibility?
And in order to do that, leadership requires a robust
social and public defense of free speech.
Now, there's a couple of points here I want you to Consider as you think
about this as a leader, as we turn towards one day in the life of
Ivan Denisovich for a fictionalized example of
what this repression practically looks like.
Leadership does require leaders to know where the line
of propriety is in speech and to be prepared to define that line clearly for
their followers. I'm not saying you can yell fire in a
crowded theater, and I'm not even saying that speech doesn't have consequences. Matter of fact,
I believe that speech does have consequences. But we socially
negotiate what those consequences are, and we all have to agree on the
deal. It's not that one extreme or another
extreme gets to set the tone for the conversation.
It is indeed the moderate middle that should
be in charge. And leadership requires the
ability to emotionally and psychologically address the
consequences of free speech. Look,
you probably can't have real equality and
you probably can't get to real equity
here in this world with these
fallen humans. But both the
theories of equity and equality have the same premise
at the bottom and in the basement. And it is a Marxian premise.
And it's this idea that man and man alone
can successfully adjudicate all matters of justice and
mercy without any guidance, without any
external boundaries placed on them by a
transcendent morality.
We talked about this in our podcast episode this month with
David Baumrucker in looking at the work of Fyodor
Dostoyevsky in Crime and Punishment, a book written,
oh gosh, well over, or not well over,
close to 100 years before 1 day in the life of Ivan
Denisovich came out. And just as Solzhenitsyn knew the Russian
people weren't ready for socialism, Dostoevsky knew the same thing.
He knew they weren't ready for a glorious revolution. He thought they needed
a Christian God before they needed
a Marxist humanistic
revolution. He thought they couldn't get there
from here. Potentially.
Potentially, he was right.
From one day in the life of Ivan Denisovich at five o' clock
that morning, reveal was sounded as usual.
Reveille sorry was sounded as usual by the blows of
a hammer on a length of rail hanging up near the staff quarters.
The intermittent sounds barely penetrated the window panes on which the
frost lay two fingers thick, and they ended almost as soon as
they'd begun. It was cold outside and the camp guard was reluctant to
go on beating out the revelry for long.
The clanging ceased, but everything outside still looked like the middle of the night.
When Ivan Denisovich Shukov got up to go to
the bucket, it was pitch dark except
for the yellow Light cast on the window by three lamps,
two in the outer zone, one inside the camp itself.
And no one came to unbolt the barracks door. There was no sound of the
barrack orderlies pushing a pole into place to lift the barrel of
excrement and carry it out.
Shukov never overslept reveille. He always got up at
once for the next 90 minutes until they assembled for work belonged to him,
not to the authorities. And any old timer could always earn a bit by
sewing a pair of mittens for someone out of an old sleeve lining,
or bringing some rich loafer in the squad, his drive a lanky right
up to his bunk so he wouldn't have to stumble barefoot round the heap of
boots looking for his own pair. Or going the
rounds of the warehouses offering to be of service, sweeping up this or fetching
that, or going to the mess hall to collect bowls from the tables and bring
them stacked to the dishwashers. You're sure to be
given something to eat there, though there were plenty of others at that game. More
than plenty. And what's worse, if you found a bowl with something left in it,
you could hardly resist licking it out. But Shukov had never
forgotten the words of his first squad leader, Kuzeomin,
a hard bitten prisoner who had already been in for 12 years by
1943, who told the newcomers just in
from the front as they sat beside a fire in a
desolate cutting in the forest,
here, men, we live by the law of the taiga, but even
here people manage to live. The ones that don't make it are
those who lick other men's leftovers, those who count on
doctors to pull them through, and those who squeal on their
buddies.
As for the preachers, he was wrong there. Those people were sure to
get through camp alright, only they were saving their own skin
at the expense of other people's blood.
Shukov always arose at revelry, but this day he didn't.
He had felt strange the evening before, feverish with
pains all over his body. He hadn't been able to get warm all
through the night. Even in his sleep, he had felt
at one moment that he was getting seriously ill, at another that he
was getting better. He had wished morning
would never come.
But the morning came as
usual,
Sam.
The morning came as usual.
There is justice, but not the kind of
cosmic dealing, not the kind
of cosmic reckoning that we
want in our hearts. The language of justice
employed by people who want justice for their enemies, but only mercy
for themselves, tends to cast a dark shadow
in light of the fact that the sun rises on the just
and the unjust alike.
One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich was released
before the Gulag Archipelago, as I mentioned previously, and it
landed like an atomic bomb in Russian culture and Soviet
culture after Khrushchev's equally shocking public
repudiation of Stalin's cult of personality at the
22nd Party Congress in the late 1950s,
early 1960s. This book
details a day in the life of a prisoner, Ivan Denisovich, in
a Gulag. It is raw, it is unfiltered, and it reflected
in an emotional way the experiences that Solzhenitsyn
had himself that were further fleshed out and
ID'd in the gulag Archipelago.
The book One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich lays out to critique
the previously unmentionable.
And it lays out the results at a social contract level of a
fully realized totalizing vision of what an
organized culture where lies, fear and machinations
serve as the Marxist driven concrete underpinnings,
an utterly rotten superstructure.
When leaders think about Ivan Denisovich, we have to think
honestly about the results and the consequences of speech and what that gets
us. And the fact of the matter is,
leaders must have the willingness to die socially,
culturally. Yeah, that means getting canceled. Yes, that may
mean losing jobs. Yes, that may mean not having food
to put in your kid's mouth. Leaders have to have a
willingness to die to protect the word of truth, to
protect the ability to even say that truth.
But leaders also, concomitantly
or co. Commitmently, or however you want to frame it, leaders also must
have a willingness to extract the highest meaning from the words they
speak and then have the guts to speak those words and speak that
meaning out. Now, the kinds of
folks who don't like that, the kinds of folks who find that to be
threatening, are folks at an individual level who
are, as Dr. Peterson mentioned earlier,
at the lowest, most mean spirited point in
their own experience. They are experiencing jealousy, they are experiencing
rage, they are experiencing hatred. They are. They're not
experiencing love of any kind, although they may use the words
of love, they may use the words of justice, they may use the words of
mercy, but that's not what they actually mean.
Amateur tyrants do not possess a totalizing
vision other than the vision of totally
controlling other people and other people's
responses to them all the way down to the
social contract level. And in
case you think I'm crazy, think of the last person you
saw being yelled at for either wearing a mask
or not wearing a mask in public. During the last
two years,
back to one day in the life of Ivan Denisovich.
Ah, but not simply to report as usual to the authorities for the daily
assignment. Now this is after Shukov gets up and he's moving around the camp.
Zhukov remembered that this morning his fate hung in the balance. They wanted to
shift the 104th from the building shops to a new site. The socialist
way of life settlement. It lay in open country covered with
snowdrifts, and before anything else could be done there, they would have to dig holes
and put up posts and attach barbed wire to them, wire
themselves in so they wouldn't run away.
Only then would they start building. There
wouldn't be a warm corner for a whole month, not even a doghouse. And fires
were out of the question. There was nothing to build them with. Let your
work warm you up. That was your only salvation.
No wonder the squad leader looked so worried. That was his job, to elbow some
other squad, some bunch of suckers into the assignment instead of the
104th. Of course, with empty bands, you got nowhere.
You'd have to take a pound of salt pork to the senior official there, if
not a couple of pounds. There's never any harm in trying. So
why not have a go at the dispensary and get a few days off if
you can? After all, he did feel as though every limb was out
of joint. Now we're
gonna switch down a little bit. We're gonna move forward a little bit.
Shukov is now tasked with with performing a
task in the gulag. And. Well, it's, It's.
It goes directly to. Well, well, cleaning
sewage. The top
of the well was so thickly coated with ice that he only just managed to
slip the bucket into the hole. The rope hung stiff as a
ramrod. With numb hands, he
carried the dripping bucket back to the guard room and plunged his hands into the
water. It was felt warm. The
tartar was no longer there. The guards, there were four now stood in a
group. They'd given up their checkers and their nap and were arguing about how
much cereal they were going to get in January. Food was in short supply at
the settlement, and although rationing had long since come to an end, certain articles
were sold to them at a discount, which were not available to
the civilian inhabitants. Shut that door, you
scum. There's a draft, said one of the guards.
Now we're going to switch to the Gulag archipelago for just a moment.
And how is it the genuine religious believers survived in camp? As we
mentioned, more than once in the course of this book we have already mentioned
their self confident procession through the archipelago, a sort of silent
religious procession with invisible candles. How some among them were
moved down but were mowed down by machine guns and those next in line
continued their march, a
steadfastness unheard of in the 20th century
and it was not in the least for show. And there weren't any
declamations. Take some, Aunt Da Silas
Chamille, a round faced, calm and quite illiterate old woman.
The convoy guards called out to her, shamil, what is your article? And she
gently, good naturedly replied, why are you asking, my boy? It's all written down there.
I can't remember them all. She had a bouquet of sections
under Article 58 and we're going to talk about article Pause for just a moment.
We're going to Talk about Article 58 coming up here in just a few
moments. Back to the Gulag
Archipelago selection. Your term, Auntie Diocese
Auntie Dusia side She wasn't giving such
contradictory answers in order to annoy the convoy. In her own simple hearted way
she pondered this question. Her term. Did they really think it was
given to human beings to know their terms?
What term? Till God forgives my sins. Till
then I'll be serving time. You are
a silly, you silly. The convoy guards
laughed. Fifteen years you've got and you'll serve them all and
maybe some more besides. But
after two and a half years of her term had
passed, even though she had sent no petitions,
all of a sudden a piece of paper came release.
How could one not
envy those.
Leaders who oppose the power of
free speech, who are frightened by it?
Either they fail to understand, or they understand all too well
the totalizing nature of
a Creator. And they may indeed really be
in rebellion against that Creator. And that rebellion
exposes itself as an opposition to genuine
free speech. People of Christ,
people of the Christian religion who genuinely understand their
religion, understand this fact, although they may not
know how to articulate it. There's
something very basic built into Christianity that
demonstrates that God loves liberty and God
loves freedom and God loves
true speech. Let me quote directly from the
Book of Genesis in the event that you're not really buying this.
In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. Now
the earth was formless and empty and darkness was over the
surface of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering
over the waters. And God
said, let there be light. And there was light.
God saw the light was good and he separated the light from the darkness.
God called the light day and the darkness he called night, and
there was evening and there was morning the first
day. You can go
back to Genesis and read the rest of it, and I'd recommend doing that in
the event that you haven't. Because the freedom to speak
is freedom from the Creator. The Creator is
pro liberty. The Creator is also pro
judgment, pro consequence, and pro mercy.
Freedom of speech requires leaders insisting on the
responsibility of individual people to form a society and a
culture from the words of the truths that they speak.
But very often when a society is taken over by a
totalitizing ideology, there are
rules and regulations and boundaries that are put around this speech
that stop it from occurring and that works in the
totalitarian tyrant's favor. You
know, the one who's in rebellion against creation
itself.
Back to the Gulag Archipelago the History of our Sewage
Disposal system from the 1973
Perennial Classics edition by Harper and Rowe
Paradoxically enough, every act of the all penetrating, eternally wakeful
organs over the span of many years is based solely on one
article of the 140 articles of the non general division of the criminal code of
1926. One can find more epithets in praise of
this article than Turgenev once assembled to praise the Russian language, or
Nekrasov to praise Mother Russia, great,
powerful, abundant, highly ramified, multi form, wide sweeping 58
which summed up the world not so much through the exact terms of
its sections as in their extended
dialectical interpretation.
Who among us has not experienced its all encompassing embrace?
In all truth there is no step, thought or action
or lack of action under the heavens which could not be punished by
the heavy hand of Article 58. The article
itself could not be worded in such broad terms, but it proved it possible
to interpret it this broadly. Article 58
was not in that division of the Code dealing with the political crimes, and nowhere
was it categorized as political. No, it
was included with crimes against public order and the organized
gangsterism in division of crimes against the state.
Thus the Criminal Code starts off by refusing to recognize
anyone under its jurisdiction as a political offender.
All are simply criminals. Article
58 consisted of 14 sections.
In section 1 we learned that any action and according to article 6 of the
Criminal Code, any absence of action directed toward
the weakening of state power was considered to be counter
revolutionary. Broadly interpreted, this
turned out to include the refusal of a prisoner in camp to work when in
a state of starvation exhaustion.
This was a weakening of state power and it
was punished by execution,
for instance, the execution of malingerers during the war.
From 1934 on, when we were given back. The term motherland
subsections were inserted on Treason to the motherland. 1a, 1b,
1c, 1d. According to these new subsections, all actions directed
against the military might of the USSR were punishable by
execution, one battle or by 10 years imprisonment. 1a. But
the lighter penalty was imposed only when mitigating circumstances were present and
upon civilians only.
Broadly interpreted, when our soldiers were sentenced to only 10 years for
allowing themselves to be taken prisoner. Side note,
Solzhenitsyn had a little bit of trouble in the
Soviet military with the Germans. Back
to the book. Actions injurious to Soviet military might. This was
humanitarian to the point of being illegal.
According to the Stalinist Code, they should have been shot on their return home.
Here is another example of the broad interpretation. I remember well an
encounter in Bukiri in the summer of 1946. A certain
pole had been born in Lemberg, when that city was part of the Austro
Hungarian Empire. Until World War II he lived in his
native city, by then located in Poland. Then he went to Austria where he entered
the Service, and in 1945 he was arrested there by the Russians. Since
by this time Austrian Lemberg had become Ukrainian Lvov, he received
a tenor under Article 51 1A of the Ukrainian
Criminal Code, that is for treason to his motherland, the Ukraine.
And at his interrogation, the poor fellow couldn't prove that treason to the Ukraine
had not been his purpose when he went to Vienna.
And that's how he conned his way into becoming
a traitor. One
important additional broadening of the section on treason was its application via
Article 19 of the Criminal Code, via intent.
In other words, no treason had taken place, but the
interrogator envisioned an intention to
betray, and that was enough to justify a full term,
the same as for actual treason. True, Article 19
proposes that there be no penalty for intent, but
only for preparation. But given a dialectical
reading, one can understand intention as preparation.
And preparation is punished by the same way, that is with
the same penalty as the crime itself. In
general, we quote, we draw no distinction between intention and
the crime itself. And this is an instance of the
superiority of Soviet legislation to
bourgeoisie legislation.
Sam.
Tyranny inevitably arises
when the ideological purists of a totalizing
system turned their lidless all seeing
eye, as Sauron did in Lord of the Rings,
toward individuals who refused to go along. Like religious ones,
genuinely religious ones who refuse to get in line, like just
the rebellious no folks and those
folks who refuse to toe the line or who are
confused about where exactly the line is, because it keeps shifting.
This is again, not a bug of
tyranny. This is a feature
from Dr. Jordan Peterson's introduction to the Gulag Archipelago Vintage
Classics edition. And I quote,
is this not a, or even the essential point of difference between
the west, for all its faults, and the brutal, terrible
egalitarian systems generated by the pathological communist
doctrine? The great and good framers of the American
Republic were, for example, anything but utopian. They took full
stock and full measure of eradicable human imperfection. They
held modest goals derived not least from the profoundly
cautious common law tradition of England. They endeavored to establish
a system. The corrupt and ignorant fools we all are could not damage too
vainly. That's humility.
That's clear headed knowledge of the limitations of human machination and
good intention. But the communists, the
revolutionaries, they aimed gradually and admirably, at least in theory, at
a much more heavenly vision. And they began their pursuit with hypothetically
straightforward and oh so morally justifiable enforcement of economic
equality. Wealth, however, was not
so easily generated. The poor could not simply become
rich, but the riches of those who had anything more than the
greatest pauper, no matter how pitiful that more actually
was, that could be redistributed or at least
destroyed. That's equality too,
that sacrifice in the name of heaven on earth. And redistribution was not
enough. With all its theft, betrayal and death,
mere economic engineering was insufficient. What emerged as well was the
overarching and truly totalitarian desire, and to
remake man and woman as such, the
longing to restructure the human spirit in the very image
of communist preconceptions,
attributing to themselves this divine ability, this transcendent wisdom.
And with unshakable belief in the glowing but
ever receding future, the newly minted
Soviets tortured, thieved, imprisoned, lied and
betrayed, all the while masking their great evil with virtue.
From the Gulag Archipelago directly, and I quote from Aleksandr
Solzhenitsyn, this was the nub of the plan. The peasant's
seed must perish together with the adults. Since Herod
was no more. Only the vanguard doctrine has shown us how to destroy
utterly, down to the very babes. Hitler
was a mere disciple, but he had all the luck. His
murder camps have made him famous, whereas, and no one has any
interest in ours at all.
Social proofing is powerful when you can get everyone to go along with a
totalizing creed or a creed
based on liberty. Social proofing has power. And
this is what both the Founding Fathers knew and Karl Marx.
But the Founding Fathers knew something about human nature that Marx rejected
and Lenin found to be a fool's errand to even consider.
The founding fathers knew, and leaders have to know that words
at the individual level mean more than they do even at the nation
state level. But they also knew that leaders
use their words to challenge the frontiers of
social proofing. They use their words to put together a podcast like this and
read books like we've read during the month, and make arguments and
assertions like we've made during this month about these works,
and to comment on current cultural tropes and
trends without fear, without shaking, without
wavering, to plant a flag
and take a position. This is what leaders do.
They do it in their small businesses, they do it in their medium sized
entities. And even more importantly, leaders must do it in their
gigantic mega corporations where they all hang out
trying to build us a better world, one technological
gee whiz advancement at a time.
Leaders also use their words to defend the boundaries of propriety. And I'm
looking at you, cultural leaders.
If politics is downstream from culture, culture is downstream from
religion. And religion, well, religion is the actual
root of everything. But if you're rejecting that root, if you
don't even know if you have that root, or if you're in open rebellion
against that root, well, you're going to tear down
the boundaries, you're going to remove them, or you're going to pretend that they
never really existed anyway. And this is a fundamental
flaw in your speech. It's a lie,
and you need to stop. Because on the other
side of that lie is someone taking you very
seriously and listening to you very, very
closely. And someone who might be willing to
take your lie as a marching order to reinforce
or to support a resentment or an envy that they are nursing
in their heart.
Totalitarian leaders, whether benevolent or tyrannical,
rely on the power of your social proofing from your words. Leaders
to reinforce totalizing control.
They rely on it just like bread
relies on. On butter, if
you can get it.
Sam.
Back to one day in the life of Ivan
Denisovich. No sense in getting your
boots wet in the morning. Even if Shukov had
dashed back to his barracks, he would have found another pair to change into.
During eight years imprisonment, he had known various systems for allocating footwear.
They'd been times when he'd gone through the winter without Valenki at all, or leather
boots either, and had had to make shift
with rope sandals or a sort of galoshes made of
scraps of motor tires. Chetzeses they called them. After
the Chiabinsk tractor works, now the footwear
situation seemed better. In October, Shukov had received, thanks to Pavlo, who
he trailed to the warehouse, a pair of ordinary, hard, wearing leather
boots big enough for a double thickness of rags
inside. For a week he went about as though he'd been given a
birthday present, kicking his new heels. Then, in December,
the Valenki arrived and oh, wasn't life
wonderful? But some devil in the bookkeeper's
office had whispered in the commandant's ear that Valenki should be issued only to those
who surrendered their boots. It was against the rules for a prisoner to
possess two pairs of footwear at the same time, so Shukov had to
choose. Either he'd have to wear leather throughout the winter, or
surrender the boots and wear Valenki even in the thaw. He'd taken such good
care of his new boots, softening the leather with grease. Ah, nothing had been so
hard to part with in all his eight years in camps as that pair
of boots. They were tossed into a common
heap. Not a hope of finding your own pair in the
spring. Now Shukov knew what he
had to do. He dexterously pulled his feet out of
the Valenki, put the Valenki in a corner, stuffed his foot rags into
them. His spoon tinkled on the floor. Though he'd made himself ready for the guardhouse
in a hurry, he hadn't forgotten his spoon and barefoot,
sloshed the water right under the guards. Vilenky. Hey there,
you slob. Take it easy. One of the guards shouted, putting his feet on a
chair. Rice, another went on.
Rice is a different category. You can't compare cereal with rice.
How much water are you going to use? Idiot? Who on earth washes like that?
I'll never get a clean otherwise. Citizen Chief. It's thick with mud.
Didn't you ever watch your wife scrub the floor? Pig.
Shukov drew himself up, the rag dripping in
his hand. He smiled ingenuously, revealing the gaps
in his teeth, the result of a touch of scurvy at
OOST Ishima in 1943.
And what a touch it was. His exhausted stomach wouldn't hold
any kind of food, and his bowels could move nothing but a bloody fluid.
But now only a lisp remained from that old trouble.
I was taken away from my wife in 41, Citizen Chief.
I've forgotten what she was like.
Citizen Pig.
Idiot. I've forgotten
what she was like.
The ties that bind society together are woven together for the gossamer of
truth. No matter what you may think of that gossamer, it
does bind society together. And when that truth is
no longer protected or actively dismembered by those with the intent to
build a quote unquote better world, it doesn't take long for
man's inhumanity to man to appear in even the
most inhumane situations.
It also doesn't take long for those situations to morph into the actual hell
verbalized in insults, degradations, and bureaucratic apathy
that encourages leaders to stick with the totalizing lie
rather than break it and destroy it in favor of the
freeing absolute truth.
Leaders understand this, and leaders have the courage, and it
is a courageous act to break and
restrain the ties that bind with their language, their
speech and their words. They raise the alarm,
and they recognize when those ties are being cut,
and they identify who's doing the cutting very
clearly. And then they go about the process
of reweaving back the fabric not only of
the social contract, not only of the
society, not only of individual entities, but they go back to
reweaving the fabric of the social contract, the fabric
of life together itself. And they
take this role very, very
seriously, even, and especially
now, innocuous leaders in
innocuous places in the.
So why am I going on and on about this? Why am I
lecturing into the void? Why is there no guest on the podcast? Why do I
not have an Amen corner on this one?
Because quite frankly, I don't need it. And I want to be
unambiguously clear. I am pro free speech, and I don't care
if you're white or black. I don't care care who you sleep with or
where you are at about your gender. I don't care what country
you came from, and I don't care what ethnicity you have. I don't even
care what God you serve or choose not to serve. I don't
care. I am for untrammeled free speech. Now,
with that being said, I'm also for untrammeled
consequences for that speech. And by the way, those
consequences, as I've already previously said, must be
socially constructed. And that's what we
did in America. That was the American experience.
Gosh, up until probably about six years ago,
when everybody kind of just went crazy because a
guy with a bad haircut came down an escalator and said
he was running for president.
But we've been going crazy a little bit before that, and he was just a
symptom of a much larger disease.
And the disease is a loss of faith in the promise of
America, a loss of a belief in the Republic, a
decline of cultural confidence. And I've said this on other
podcasts in other places, but I'll say it on this one. Our
literature reflects our cultural confidence and our ability to
read literature and understand hard literature as leaders
reflects and shapes our ability to actually say
hard truths out loud and know what underpins them.
If you don't know what underpins your speech, you will abandon it in
a heartbeat for any ideologue that comes along. And I firmly
believe that. And by the way, the ideologue can be from the right
politically, or the ideologue can be from the left politically, but you will
abandon it, and you will abandon it in lies and betrayal. And
the abandonment won't start in the voting booth. The abandonment will start
in your home, in your school,
in your neighborhood.
How can innocuous leaders this is the other thing I'm worried about. How can
innocuous leaders in a modern Western culture,
surrounded by the disturbingly unserious and influenced
by the peculiarly lightweight, how can they avoid the path of
least resistance and do the actual hard things, walk the hard
path and do it in a way that will perhaps make them happy, but that
for sure will create a better world. In essence, how can leaders tell the
truth in a time of untruth and unseriousness?
You want to know why some training programs in some sensitive
areas like diversity and inclusion don't work?
They don't work because we're not telling the truth. We're
merely passing along ideologies. You
want to know why books and movies that
have cultural tropes shoehorned into them about what you should believe or what
you shouldn't believe? You want to know why those fail at the box office or
fail to pull ratings or fail to pull subscription numbers? Well, they fail because they
aren't telling the truth. The truth is
complicated and messy, but it is the truth.
And the truth of situations, the truth of life, the truth of
circumstances is multifaceted. It's not all one thing or
another. Everyone is neither hero nor villain. As a matter of fact,
Solzhenitsyn said, infamously enough, that
the line of good and evil passes through
each and every human heart. We are all
sinful, and we have all fallen short of the glory of God.
We are all our brother's keeper.
These are principles that I hold, and these principles
undergird this podcast, and these principles undergird the books that
we read on this podcast. I do not come
to this work from an unprincipled, wavering Cultural position.
I actually care very little about
that. I care very much though, about rock ribbed principles
and making sure that you all understand exactly where we stand
and where I stand over here. And
leaders, leaders have to be clear about where
they stand and where they stand and stay on the
path based on principles
rather than on temporarily held positions.
You want to stay on the path as a leader? Start saying
no. It's very simple. Just start
saying no to a lie that you know is a lie. And it doesn't have
to be a big lie, it doesn't have to be a medium sized lie.
Usually the lies you have to start saying no to are lies in your own
house, lies in your own business, lies in your own
relationships, lies in your own communities.
Say no to lies and say the truth.
That is true liberty and that
is true free speech.
Sure, the humorists and the politicians
may want to own that space, but it really begins the
ownership of that space and the protection of that space really begins with you.
And then there's the ever present now, right?
Staying on the path requires rational engagement with the ever present
now, as well as intentional preparation for the ever
arriving future. The future is coming,
no matter how you feel about, is
agnostic to your emotions, but it is not
agnostic to your preparing for it.
And so staying on the path requires that rational
engagement. And the only way you can rationally engage is if you have the freedom
to speak the truth, if you have the freedom to
not worry about being thrown into a
gulag for pointing out that the emperor, whether the
emperor is the emperor of Amazon or Walmart, or the
emperor of the United States or China, or the emperor of the
bank down the street and or the emperor of your family
pointing out that the emperor, wherever he may show up or
she may show up, pointing out that they are naked while
everyone else claims that they are clothed.
Staying on the path requires leaders to engage with ideas, words,
speech, and concepts that they might find to be
personally objectionable, but that
in principle must be aired to protect
one of the two types of diversity that really actually
do matter. And that's diversity of viewpoint.
And the second is diversity of mindset.
We all don't think alike, nor should we. We all
don't have the same viewpoint and nor should we. And we need the
freedom to air our viewpoints and air
our mindsets without fear of a
totalizing ideology clamping down on us.
Staying on the path means that leaders are emotionally and psychologically prepared for the
consequences of speech against the potential
totalizing power of the mob
and that's really what you're all afraid of, isn't it? You're afraid of the
mob. Well,
don't be.
The mob is fickle.
Julius Caesar found that out.
Leaders protect free speech
no matter where it shows up.
And that's it for me.
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