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Rav Eliyahu Reingold, Rosh Kollel in the Yeshiva of Greater Washington, spent many years learning in the Telshe Yeshiva and Kollel where he was recognized as one of their foremost talmidim. He taught in the Telshe Mechina before coming to the Yeshiva of Greater Washington. He is a noted Baal Halacha and Baal Mussar, serving as a well-respected posek for the Yeshiva and community. Besides his responsibility in leading the Kollel, he delivers a high level shiur to advanced students, and provides many halacha shiurim throughout the year. His heartfelt weekly mussar shmuess in an inspiration to all.
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Maavir Sedra 1 (Klal 7 Siman 9) Hilchos Shabbos - S0212
The current series, which will cover seudos Shabbos and fasting on Shabbos, is available for sponsorship. Please contact Rabbi Reingold for more information.
We are beginning siman 9, where the Chayei Adam discusses being maavir sedra, or shnayim mikra v’echad targum. These halachos can be found in the Shulchan Aruch in siman 285, and the Chayei Adam condenses the entire siman into one paragraph.
The Chayei Adam writes that a person is chayav to do shnayim mikra. The Gemara says le’olam, which would imply it is a nice thing to do but not an obligation, while the Shulchan Aruch writes chayav, that it is an obligation instituted by Chazal. The Chayei Adam follows the Shulchan Aruch. Each pasuk is read twice along with the targum once (we will discuss exactly how later).
Lechatchilla, it should be completed before Shabbos begins. If a person does not complete it before Shabbos, they should wait to eat the Shabbos day seudah until they complete it. The language of the Shulchan Aruch is less strong than the Chayei Adam, in that the Shulchan Aruch writes it is preferable to complete shnayim mikra before the Shabbos day seudah, but not that they should rather wait to eat. The Mishnah Berurah points out that if it means pushing off the seudah until after chatzos, one should eat before chatzos and finish shnayim mikra later.
If a person was not successful in completing the parsha before the Shabbos day seudah, it is preferable to finish before mincha. Mincha is the time at which we begin to focus towards the upcoming week’s kriya. Since the chiyuv of shnayim mikra is to complete the parsha alongside the tzibbur, it is preferable to finish it when the tzibbur does. If a person does not finish it in the morning, as long as they finish before the seudah, it is close enough to finishing with the tzibbur. Mincha is the time that the tzibbur begins to move on to the next parsha, so to finish it with the tzibbur, one should endeavor to finish it by mincha.
Bedieved, if one does not finish by mincha, they should complete it before Wednesday. Again, in trying to connect shnayim mikra to the tzibbur, as long as one completes shnayim mikra by Wednesday, we can consider it as part of the previous week. Bedieved, a person is allowed to recite havdalah on one of the first three days of the week, because those days are referred to as part of the previous Shabbos. Once Wednesday starts, it is too late to recite havdalah, because those days are connected to the upcoming Shabbos.
There is one more opinion, which is that finishing with the tzibbur refers to finishing kriyas hatorah for the year. In other words, a person has until Simchas Torah to finish shnayim mikra.
Summary
A person is chayav to read shnayim mikra.
There are varying levels of lechatchilla regarding when it should be completed:
Before Shabbos begins
Shabbos morning
Before the Shabbos day seudah
Before mincha
Before Wednesday
Before Simchas Torah