That vs Who (Will Make You Sound Smart)

"That" and "who" don't sound like obvious candidates for a mix-up, but I bet you've encountered this grammatical distinction--probably recently. Learn how to avoid the pitfall on today's episode of Grammar Minute!

What is Grammar Minute?

Saving the English language 60 seconds at a time.

Welcome to the Grammar Minute, where we’re saving the English language sixty seconds at a time! I’m Lauren Smyth, and, as I recently had to confess, I'm the one that barged in while my roommate was sleeping--talking to myself, slamming the door, and turning on all the overhead lights.

[incorrect buzzer]

OK, the grammar error in that sentence is not at all obvious. Let’s rewind.

[rewinding sound]

“I'm the one that barged in."

Did you spot it this time? If you pointed at “that,” you’re right! This sentence should read: “I’m the girl who does the writing podcast.” Unless … I’m an AI, or something not alive, “who” is preferred to “that” when referring to a person. Key word: Person. Don’t use “who” for animals, no matter how fluffy they are or how many thousands of dollars you’ve spent on their food.

This rule gets tricky when you’re referring to groups of people, like “sports team.” When in doubt, I vote for using “who” even if the subject is referencing people and not actually a person.

That’s your Grammar Minute! Visit thegrammarminute.com for more tips and tricks.