Seder Kiddush 8 - Kiddush by Day (Klal 6 Siman 19) Hilchos Shabbos - S0174

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Seder Kiddush 8 - Kiddush by Day (Klal 6 Siman 19) Hilchos Shabbos - S0174

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We are continuing in hilchos kiddush. At the end of siman 15, 16, and 17, the Chayei Adam discusses various scenarios in which a person did not finish the entire kos. For example, he discusses when a person planned to drink the wine, but it spilled before he drank. In siman 16, he discusses one who makes kiddush on what they think is wine, but really it is water. In all of these scenarios, he is discussing situations in which there is other wine available, and when and whether one must make a new bracha.

We are going to skip to siman 18, where the Chayei Adam discusses making kiddush during the day. The Chayei Adam writes that the chiyuv of the daytime kiddush is not as strong as the nighttime kiddush. The nighttime kiddush is either a mitzvah deoraysa, or a strong derabanan, while the daytime kiddush is certainly derabanan. It is referred to euphemistically as kiddusha rabba, because even though it is much smaller than the nighttime kiddush, it is also a mitzvah.

The halacha is that the kos for the daytime kiddush requires a kos of a revi’is.
Preferably, it should be made over wine. If one wishes to use whisky, because it is more chaviv to him, they may do so. However, they must still make kiddush on a revi’is, and drink melo lugmav of the kos. As we have learned, the requirement of a revi’is and melo lugmav is not lost by the fact that a person is using whisky. Although there is an opinion that one can use a smaller amount, because whisky is normally drunk in smaller amounts, the Chayei Adam and Mishnah Berurah both pasken that one must use a revi’is and drink a melo lugmav. Thus, people making kiddush on Shabbos day in a schnapps glass must use a cup which holds at least 2.9 oz. If one uses a kos which is smaller, they are following the opinion of the Taz, but it goes against the Chayei Adam and Mishnah Berurah. One must drink melo lugmav, which, as we learned before, is rov of a revi’is, or 1.5 oz.

The Chayei Adam writes that although at night, if one’s kiddush wine spills before they drink it, they may not be yotzei, during the day, if one’s kiddush wine spills before drinking, they do not need to make a new bracha. Rather, they recite kiddush over the bread; meaning, they say the bracha of hamotzi and it is sufficient.
Similarly, if one does not have any kiddush wine, they may make kiddush on the bread. Although we have learned that making kiddush on bread is questionable, since the chiyuv kiddush is not as strong during the day as it is at night, one can rely on the opinion that they can be yotzei with bread. Furthermore, if a person does not have wine, and does not have bread, we do not say that they cannot eat. Instead, they may eat without reciting kiddush. Although Chazal instituted an issur to eat without kiddush, if one is unable to make kiddush, they may eat without kiddush.

Summary
Daytime kiddush is a chiyuv derabanan; one must use a kos with a revi’is and drink a melo lugmav.
If one’s kiddush wine spills before drinking it, they do not need to make kiddush again. They can rely on making kiddush on bread. Similarly, if one does not have any kiddush wine or bread, they may eat without kiddush.