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A podcast that helps you understand the fascinating chemistry hidden in your everyday life.
Have you ever wondered why onions make you cry? Or how soap gets your hands clean? What really is margarine, or why do trees change colors in the fall? Melissa is a chemist, and to answer these questions she started a podcast, called Chemistry for your life!
In each episode Melissa explains the chemistry behind one of life’s mysteries to Jam, who is definitely not a chemist, but she explains it in a way that is easy to understand, and totally fascinating.
If you’re someone who loves learning new things, or who wonders about the way the world works, then give us a listen.
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[00:00:00]
Melissa: Okay, Jam, on today's episode, we're going to revisit some listener questions. We're going to talk again about Purple Shampoo. We're going to talk about cinnamon. We're going to talk about what we can do with petroleum waste and all kinds of other great questions from our listeners.
Jam: nice. Let's do it.
Melissa: Let's do it. Hey, I'm Melissa.
Jam: I'm jam
Melissa: And I'm a chemist.
Jam: I'm not
Melissa: And welcome to Chemistry for Your Life.
Jam: podcast to help you understand the chemistry of your everyday life.
Melissa: Bonus edition. Good. That's so fun. I don't know why it's so dumb, but I like it. All right. So today we've got questions from our listeners.
Jam: And I believe all these came. So traditionally, we always say at the end of the episode, send the questions through our email. Great people [00:01:00] send them in every which way, though. This time, these are all through our website that goes to our email, which is the way we prefer. You know, big props to these folks who went to our website, filled out the thing, sent it to us, and we were able to organize the questions and, uh, makes it easier for Melissa when she's getting them ready.
Jam: So,
Melissa: it makes it easier for you to get credit.
Jam: Yes, for us to remember who it was who asked it. So yeah. So, okay. This first one is from Fletcher C., who we've heard from, but it's been a little while, I think. Yeah. He's asked questions before and sent us, um, feedback and stuff like that.
Melissa: So, hey again, Fletcher. What's up? What's up?
Jam: up? What's up, Fletch? Uh,
Melissa: What if he hates that? Or she? I guess I don't
Jam: that's a really good question. I hope Fletcher, Does not mind, but if you do, let me know if, if I love the movie Fletch from the eighties. And so if it were me, I would be like, yes, calling Fletch all day, [00:02:00] but I will, I'll do whatever you say. Hi guys. I just listened to the Q and R episode about purple hair shampoo, and I think you got it wrong.
Jam: Your hair is absorbing everything, but the yellow tones. off light and the shampoo absorbs the yellow tones of light. Oh, they're of light. Then no light will be released for our eyes to see. The hair shampoo would have to reflect all tones of light. I haven't looked into this, but I feel it would have to be that way.
Jam: Love your podcast. Yep.
Melissa: I want to say, you know, I think light is one of those things and colors that kind of, I tend to get kind of jumbled up on. So, I totally appreciate this feedback. I think it's really helpful. So, let me try to reiterate it in a different way. So, if everything but yellow is being absorbed and yellow is what's reflected back, we'll see yellow.
Jam: Right.
Melissa: So my favorite example of this is plants. Plants absorb light. Green plants [00:03:00] absorb light everywhere but green. And so what we see is green.
Jam: hmm. Mm hmm. Mm hmm. Mm
Melissa: Sorry. Um, it's night time when we're recording, so. So the same thing can happen in your hair. Everything but yellow can be absorbed. You'll see the yellow reflected back, right? So I think a better way to think about this is then the purple shampoo reflects back the purple, so everything is absorbed but the purple. So you're kind of maybe layering it instead, where instead of saying like, okay, so then everything is absorbed, instead we're layering two things on top of each other where All that's showing through on this one is yellow, all that's showing through on that one is purple, and when you overlay the yellow and the purple, they actually, they're on opposite sides, you know, of the spectrum, and they kind of cancel each other out. And that's why we get the ashy color, [00:04:00] the like, almost white looking color. So you could say, oh, by reflecting back yellow and purple, we're covering both sides of the spectrum, and it seems like all light is being reflected back, and that's why it looks white to
Jam: hmm. Mm hmm.
Melissa: Um, or, yeah, so I think that's probably a better way to think about it and say it.
Jam: Um, one thing I remember, and this is like different than the spectrum, but in the like color wheel, which we'd use in art, it's actually orange and purple that were opposite.
Melissa: Oh,
Jam: So then I'm wondering if it's trying to get the brassy.
Melissa: Yeah, I think Brassian,
Jam: is layering over and it's able to somehow maybe depend on the hue of purple they pick whatever able to cancel out the brass.
Jam: Maybe that if it's if it's doing it correctly and it's well made or whatever, maybe it's helping cancel out the brass, but let the yellow through.
Melissa: Maybe. But I think it's supposed to try to be, [00:05:00] I, a lot of times they'll use propulsion food to. Minimize the yellow and try to make it a little, like, whiter, right?
Jam: mine's the opposite. It's trying to make it not brassy and make it be yellower.
Melissa: not brassy. I thought brassy was yellowness.
Jam: Brassy is like brass looking like a, like a kind of orangey metal. Like, uh, Like bronze, but I guess less.
Melissa: I was thinking of the white platinum y blonde that's trying to get rid of all the yellow color and make it almost look white. But, I will say that, uh, Formulate, who is a partner with our show, has, uh, Chemist Two works for them formulating shampoo, and they have a very in depth page about all the like, goes very back to color theory and talks about that, um, how purple shampoo works, so we can link to that as well. But I think the basic idea is it absorbs everything but the [00:06:00] color that you want to shine. It just cancels out. The purple cancels out
Jam: Yeah. Okay. Got it.
Melissa: with the color you don't want. But, you know, I'm not a hair person or a blonde person, so I guess I interpreted brassy and yellow to be the same.
Jam: And I, um, only have used the formula purple one and that's just what I remember. There's saying, but I haven't used all of them and I don't even, yeah. Okay.
Melissa: You know what? Also, I would love to learn more about, um, about hair chemistry in general. Because I listened to, um, some creators on TikTok that do hair and they talked about the reason that. Red hair bleeds out fastest is because the molecules are larger and so it's harder for them to like work into the pores, the pigment molecules.
Melissa: And I was like, is that true? I have no way of knowing. I have no reason to doubt them. But I, that's fascinating. And so I think there's [00:07:00] probably a lot about color theory and and chemistry that there's more to learn about.
Jam: Yeah, that'd be interesting.
Melissa: So, but I do agree with Fletcher that for things to look white, all the light needs to be reflected
Jam: Yeah. Yeah. Yeah.
Melissa: but it could be what you said. If you, maybe you're trying to make it look yellower, then you're just trying to cancel out just the orangey part.
Jam: Yeah. It's just funny because I remember I read about that so long ago when I was formulating my own. When I was like doing the questions at the beginning or whatever. And so it's been a long time since I've like actually had read about that, but what I, what I retained was something about how it can look on the slightly brown or oranger kind of side and some of that could be, who knows what, um, is happening to your hair or whatever, but that what they were trying to do is cancel that out so it looks blonder and it's not, but they didn't say anything about why, it was more like, Looking more [00:08:00] looking less brown.
Jam: I guess if your hair has kind of gotten dirty like a dirtier blonde So at least in the thing I filled out and maybe it might differ between The shampoos they're doing for different people and and when you say how what color your hair is they may be doing
Melissa: And what color you want. If you're like getting it done at a salon. Like a platinum blonde might need something different than like a warm blonde.
Jam: Exactly, and I filled mine out obviously based on my own How my what my color is as in the pictures of my hair, so They were basing it off of this specific head of hair right here.
Melissa: But either way, it deposits purple molecules which cancels something out.
Jam: Yeah. And I was hoping, I was like, I really want purple hair, but it didn't work. So I don't know.
Melissa: I guess we're just gonna have to take you to the salon.
Jam: Yep.
Melissa: Okay.
Jam: All right. This next question is from Julie K.
Jam: I listened to the episode about dissolving and something Jam said about there being way more water than sugar. Maybe think of a question. If you drop a tiny amount of water [00:09:00] in a lot of sugar, Would the sugar be the solvent and dissolve the water? I'm a chemistry teacher and I asked my colleagues who all said no, but they weren't able to give me a satisfactory reason why.
Melissa: I love this question.
Jam: reasoning amounted to saying that solids can't be a solvent. But that doesn't drive my understanding that dissolving is when the solvent molecules surround the solute molecules, such as ions. Then when I tried looking this up, I could only find textbooks referencing one example of a solid solvent in a liquid solute.
Jam: Dental fillings where Mercury, it dissolved in a powdered solvent. What are your thoughts?
Melissa: Okay, this is a great, fun thought experiment for me and Julie. Um, I also love the like, oh, I went and asked all my colleagues.
Jam: Yeah.
Melissa: So, my thought initially is, often, when you think of like, oh, sugar is dissolved in water, there's way more water than [00:10:00] sugar, and the sugar disappears, right? Like you can't see it anymore, it's like, each sugar molecule is completely surrounded by water. It's hard for me to imagine sugar doing that same thing to water.
Jam: Mm mm-Hmm.
Melissa: of that is because if you say drop water and sugar, that sugar changes. Like, if I have wet fingers and I drip my wet fingers into a bowl of sugar, you can see where the water landed.
Jam: Oh, yeah.
Melissa: It's not like the sugar takes away the water
Jam: And hides it within it. It hides it. Yeah.
Melissa: And so it like, and it seems like it fundamentally changes that little section of sugar. Like the water molecules are still almost trying to surround
Jam: Mm-Hmm.
Melissa: sugar to me.
Jam: Right. They're not like, they're not dispersing themselves throughout the
Melissa: Yeah. Yeah, yeah, [00:11:00] yeah. So, that makes me think that it would be very hard for a solvent to be not liquid. So, I didn't look it up, but the way that the sugar doesn't surround the water molecules and it just seems like the water stays where it's put, that's my instinct of why I don't think that in that case the sugar would be dissolving.
Jam: Yeah, that's interesting.
Melissa: That is interesting. It was a fun thought experiment. Yeah, but
Jam: this wouldn't this wouldn't actually answer the question, but I think what happened Wait a little bit is that that water Would evaporate
Melissa: that could happen, I don't know if that matters,
Jam: I'm just saying like it doesn't really get into it and [00:12:00] then like stay in some sort of way, you know Like I don't think we're really actually
Melissa: Oh, like you're saying like, oh, the sugar could dissolve, the sugar wouldn't dissolve on a Go away. But it does with gas and gas can be dissolved. Gas can be a solute and it will bubble up. Carbon dioxide.
Jam: I was thinking like if there's if someone was was Dropping droplets of water on some sugar left came back and they were thinking I think it
Melissa: Oh,
Jam: I think it actually didn't I think it stay right there on the surface and then went away,
Melissa: Yeah. It's not like it's getting hidden in there. Yeah, I agree. I agree.
Jam: was just trying to think of
Melissa: I mean, sure, though, can take on humidity, but then it like hardens and gets weird.
Jam: Mm hmm.
Melissa: Which makes me think.
Jam: Yeah Yeah, we all got a little weird when it's human. I'll say
Melissa: Honestly. So that was a fun thought experiment, but I still feel like, no. [00:13:00] I don't, I agree with your colleagues, even though I can't give satisfactory reasons.
Jam: Yeah
Melissa: So. But I do think it is hard for, if a solute is supposed to completely be surrounded by the solvent, the solid doesn't have enough motion to achieve that.
Jam: Mm hmm.
Melissa: So, that's my, I, I thought that was fun.
Jam: Yeah,
Melissa: love to hear what, what else your colleagues came up with.
Jam: yeah, very interesting question. Is Audrey's this next one? It looks like it was part of the,
Melissa: Yes, all of that's
Jam: oh, All of those Audrey. Okay. Got it. Very cool These next things should we do them one at a time? Okay, well these are two from Audrey, we'll do one and then the other. I was so excited that you did a cinnamon episode because I was just drinking a latte the other day with cinnamon on top. I've noticed cinnamon does not dissolve very well into drinks which surprises me because water has both a polar [00:14:00] and non polar end.
Jam: So, what prohibits cinnamon from interacting with water even when it's hot? I even noticed that the cinnamon sort of collected into small clusters on the surface. When I lightly blew on it, the cinnamon seemed to roll across the surface rather than mix in. Hmm.
Melissa: question. I will say one thing. I think when Audrey said, um, that water has a non polar and polar end, I think Audrey meant cinnamon does, because water is just polar, but cinnamon does have a polar and a non polar end, but I think such a large part of the cinnamon molecule is non polar.
Melissa: That it ends up, oh sorry, night time recording, that it ends up being to where it has a larger non polar part that does not want to interact with water because water is just polar. But yeah, cinnamon's [00:15:00] hydrophobic. Cinnamon has enough non polarity that it does not want to interact with water. And there's like videos where people put like Cinnamon all on top of like water and then stick their finger in and their finger comes out dry.
Melissa: Have you ever seen that?
Jam: No. That's weird.
Melissa: yeah. Yeah. Yeah, because your finger gets coated with cinnamon
Jam: Oh, interesting.
Melissa: do some really cool tricks with cinnamon and water
Jam: Hmm.
Melissa: Yes, I love that. I love you looking at that and wondering about that And I also love cinnamon on lattes
Jam: Hmm. Ready for the next one? Okay, Audrey's next one is, this is more of a niche question, but I received a storm cloud weather predictor for Christmas. Never heard of this. That sounds cool.
Melissa: okay
Jam: It's just a cute little decoration for my desk, but it's supposed to predict the actual weather. Basically a glass cloud with some sort of liquid inside that can form cloud like crystals.
Jam: You might need to [00:16:00] Google it to have a better understanding of what it is. Essentially, I'm wondering, how does it work? I doubt it's very accurate, but I'd still love to know the science behind it.
Melissa: Okay, everybody now can pause and go quickly look these up.
Jam: Mm hmm. Uh
Melissa: Here's a picture I'm showing Jam.
Jam: oh. Uh.
Melissa: accurate. I think that they are just going to probably only react to the weather in your office. And I've read reviews from others who said the same thing. But basically, the only thing I could think is if the pressure is changing, it wouldn't change inside this sealed vessel, I don't think. And so the only thing that I think would change would be the temperature. But your office is probably controlled. So I have low confidence in it. But who's to say, maybe Maybe there's something that, you [00:17:00] know, you know that I don't, but I'm guessing probably not.
Jam: Hmm
Melissa: That's my only thought.
Jam: yeah crazy.
Melissa: but it is cute.
Jam: Yeah, that seems cool. I
Melissa: is cute.
Jam: guess it would be kind of cool is if you like put it right by a Window from like that and then it was kind of picking up on some of the changes,
Melissa: Oh yeah, that's a good
Jam: you know Cuz like there'll be like some subtle changes, but it might be enough to like tell you a little
Melissa: Yeah, if it was sunnier. Oh, that's a great point. If it was sunnier, it would be heating it up more even, even if then it's just a hot day versus a cloudy same temperature day. It would be getting less energy from the sun. That's true. And if it's colder, a lot of times those windows are colder.
Melissa: That's a great point. Yeah. So putting it right on a window. So it might actually give you a better predictor of the weather. Mm
Jam: Yeah, otherwise, I'm like, yeah, it would be the same as just the office you're in whatever but that You is at least like a, you know, I remember sometimes [00:18:00] when I had, then we worked in a building and it was like a little ways for me to get out of the building when I had an office, um, in Plano. And so I would sometimes just go put my hand on the window to see like, okay, did it warm up outside at all?
Jam: Like, like in, in winters in Texas, it's kind of tough because like sometimes you can kind of look sunny outside, but it's actually cold.
Melissa: or the opposite.
Jam: opposite, mm
Melissa: Cloudy and hot.
Jam: Yep, exactly. So, anyway, okay. Next question is from Cameron S. Oh,
Melissa: to shout out. Audrey also told us that she had a job interview with the FDA, I think.
Jam: Nice.
Melissa: And, um, she had a question about chemistry that she was able to answer because of the podcast. guess what? She got the job. So now we have an in with the EPA.
Melissa: Congratulations, Audrey, on getting that job. I'm so excited for you. I know you really wanted it.
Jam: And thank you for your service,
Melissa: Yeah, thank you for working for me.[00:19:00]
Jam: protecting that environment. We need it. Um, Yes, please do.
Melissa: Great.
Jam: Okay, next question. Cameron asks, industrial coal, ash, and petroleum waste. From a chemistry aspect, what if we stored coal ash in depleted mines instead of what we do with it now? Landfills here in Tennessee, apparently where Cameron lives. Is there any way to pump petroleum waste back into these empty deposits?
Jam: I've always wondered, why not put all this plastic in those? I know extracting all of this from the ground has to affect the Earth's natural chemistry in some way. Shouldn't we at least put something back in it, even if it's just a byproduct? Mm.
Melissa: I think that that's a great question. I do think there would be many unanticipated consequences if we Okay, so I'll just start from the beginning. So I think what Cameron here is saying is Hey, we took all the petroleum out of the ground and we turned it into plastic, so why can't we just put the plastic waste back in the ground and it would be [00:20:00] fine.
Melissa: And I think it's because we messed with it too much. And so now we wouldn't be putting petroleum back into the ground. We'd be putting petroleum that we have polymerized into plastics that are very hard to biodegrade back into the ground, and the closest thing they do to biodegrade is become microplastics, which I do think we need to have an episode on microplastics, but.
Melissa: I know someone who knows someone who's an expert in microplastics, so that kind of makes me want to talk to them. I know. So that's why I've been avoiding it. Um, but all that to say is I think that it would be, it would have some negative consequences. Now I don't know the same with, with coal ash, but one thought I had about that is like, okay, so I was doing some research on composting. Spoiler alert. [00:21:00] and a lot of methane gas is released in composting. If you can harness it and put it back where it goes to be used as like a natural gas and things that are useful, that's great, but it takes work to do that.
Melissa: And so with coal ash, which I think has been less impacted by human interference, we'd have to have the infrastructure and the funds and the motivation to put it back. And I don't think people are very motivated to do that right now. I mean, I just think a lot of, a lot of Things just have this mindset of like, Oh, it's just easier to throw it away.
Melissa: So I'm just going to do that. And that's why I think things end up in landfills. It's cheaper and it's easier. And unfortunately I think we're motivated primarily by money, which is why, you know, recycling in the first place is hard to do because it's cheaper to make virgin plastic than to recycle plastic.
Melissa: And so that's, I got a little soap boxy there, but all that to say, I think. Putting the [00:22:00] plastic back could have negative side effects that we may not have thought about, but I think with, with the ash, I don't have really good answers, but I feel like it's probably not motivated. You know, we lack motivation. So those are my thoughts. Money, money, what is it, like money runs all earth? There's something like that. Money, basically money is the king and motivates, and we don't probably have enough of it to motivate people to put the earth back like us. I just listened to a really funny episode of a podcast called Tooth and Claw where they were talking about polar bears who are, um, polar bears right now are kind of doing fine, but.
Melissa: As sea ice melts, which the polar bears rely on to hunt, they're having to fast for longer and longer, which, they're still alive, so it's fine. But there will be a point at which [00:23:00] there's not enough ice anymore for some populations of polar bears to survive. And then, like, they'll all probably die. Instead of, like, some populations that are slowly declining, the analogy that this person used, um, was, it's like, you know, All the polar bears are fine, just like the Titanic was, until it hit the iceberg and sank.
Melissa: And so like, all the polar bears are going to be doing fine until we reach this critical point where they can't survive without the sea ice and the whole population dies off kind of at once. Um, and so then they were talking about ways to restore the sea ice, and like all these suggestions that people had, and some of them were like, Just dump a bunch of really cold ice already into the, it was just kind of ridiculous.
Melissa: And so that, this gave the vibe, there was a few that were good. I don't remember what they were. Some of them were bad, like paint the tops of the mountains white so they reflect the sun back into the sky. I'm like, I don't think that's going to work the way you think it [00:24:00] will. Or like put a huge insulation blanket over the whole Things like that.
Melissa: There's some really good ones, I can't remember what they are, but this reminded me of that. It's like, these are really There are good ideas, but we'd have to, you know, do something about it.
Jam: Right. Right.
Melissa: and I just don't know who's motivated to fund those, but they were good thoughts, Cameron.
Jam: Yeah. And I've never thought about that at all. So, like, seems viable to me. It's like, I'm into it. These questions are these, uh, reviews we got.
Melissa: Oh, okay. Yeah. So I wanted to finish up with some, this, uh, Devin emailed us and then we also got a review from Linz on Apple podcast, and I like to shout out those positive reviews cause they mean so much to us.
Jam: Do Devin's or
Melissa: I'll do Devin's.
Jam: Go for it.
Melissa: So Devin emailed us and just said, absolutely love your podcast. Not only are y'all lovely to listen in the background, but [00:25:00] also very indulging and makes me think I wish the world had more people who cared about discussing science.
Melissa: And I was wondering if there's any recommendations you can give to soon to be chemistry scholar with much love Devin L. So I don't know what recommendations he meant, like, you know, study hard or whatever, but I'll say about people who love discussing science, that podcast I was just talking about, Tooth and Claw, is a pretty good one.
Melissa: Sometimes it can be a little crass, because it's some brothers, you know, and sometimes boys.
Jam: Tooth and Claw. That's the brothers. I see. That makes sense. didn't realize those are names. That's, that makes a lot of sense now. I don't understand it.
Melissa: So but it's that and it's about human animal conflicts. So sometimes it can be a little dark But I've learned so much about wildlife biology. That's been really interesting There's also a podcast called going wild with Ray Wynn Grant. That's about biology. That's really interesting And then I also like ologies, which is a podcast that features Scientists that talk about their work.
Melissa: And so yeah, those are just some Ones that come right to my mind. [00:26:00] I don't know if there's other oh as you learn more about chemistry There is one from chemistry world that I like it's like five minutes and they go in depth on different molecules but I think those are Less for like intro to chemistry and they're much more like I think they're easier to follow the deeper you go I mean you could probably get something out of it, but sometimes they're a little jargon heavy.
Jam: Mm hmm. Nice.
Melissa: Thanks Devin
Jam: This next one is from Linz. Uh, I cannot get enough of this podcast. I'm binging past episodes right now and instantly knew it was exactly what I've been looking for.
Melissa: So sweet.
Jam: kids constantly ask me questions about science, chemistry, and how stuff works and it always inspires me to look up the answers because either I'm unsure or I've forgotten over the many years since I've been out of school.
Jam: This podcast refreshes all the things I learned in college and in some cases teaches me something brand new. While it explains things brilliantly, it's easy to understand but very in depth all at once.
Melissa: So nice.
Jam: Yes, very much so. It helps me explain the wonderful world of chemistry [00:27:00] to my curious little ones.
Jam: Sometimes even helps with their homework and hat without having to consult YouTube or Google first. Damn ads life and a refreshing curiosity to the show with this thought provoking questions and helpful analogies You want to fill your mind with knowledge to help you understand the science behind everyday stuff this podcast for you.
Jam: Wow,
Melissa: Isn't that so
Jam: so nice
Melissa: like exactly what we hoped for when we made this podcast.
Jam: Yeah, and we share these that just because we're tooting our horns. We're like, it's just honestly grateful We're grateful to hear encouraging things like this because you know we make this show and we do a bunch of other things in our life do and then we Squeezing time to do this and it's it really is.
Jam: So so nice to hear that For some people, and we know this is not everyone's cup of tea, not everyone's looking for a chemistry podcast. For people who are looking for it, and who have been really helped by it, it really, really is encouraging to us. So, Devin and Linz, thank y'all so much for your very kind words.
Jam: 100%.
Melissa: put yourself out there, right? [00:28:00] Like, it's scary to make content and hope it's beneficial to people, but whenever we can hear positive things from our listeners and know that we've impacted people, it really is encouraging. Like, it puts courage in for us to keep going, and that means a lot to us, and so, thanks.
Jam: Yes, thank y'all so much.
Melissa: Well, um, I think that wraps us up. So, um, Shall I shout out all of our patrons for the awesome, um, work that they do to help keep this podcast going?
Jam: Let's do it. First, I'll say, if you have a question, or a thought, or a comment, or a feedback, or whatever, feel You can send that to us on our website at chemforyourlife. com. That's chem, F O R, yourlife. com to share your thoughts and ideas, feedback, comments, questions, whatever. Um, and if you'd like to help us keep our show going and contribute to cover the cost of making it, you can do that by joining our super cool chem community of patrons on patreon.
Jam: com slash chem for your life. That's patreon. com slash chem for your life. You're not able to do that. You can still help us by subscribing for your podcast app, rating, writing, review on Apple podcasts like Linz did, [00:29:00] or subscribing on our YouTube channel. Those things help us to keep. Chemistry share more even more people and to be discovered by people all that kind of stuff.
Jam: So thanks for doing that
Melissa: This episode of Chemistry for Your Life was created by Melissa Colini and Jam Robinson. Jam Robinson is our producer and this episode was made possible by our super cool chemmunity of patrons who support us on Patreon. And seriously, thank you all so much for making it possible for listeners like those that you've just heard from in our reviews, Linz and Devin, to learn chemistry.
Melissa: And I'm going to shout out those supporters, they are John T, our newest Patreon supporter, Avishai B, Bri M, Brian K, Carol R, Chris and Claire S, Chelsea B, oh shout out, it's almost Claire's birthday, happy birthday Claire, Chelsea B, Derek L, Elizabeth P, Emerson W, Hunter R, Jacob T, Christina G, Katrina H, [00:30:00] Latila S, Len S, Melissa P, Nicole C, Rachel R, Sarah M, Stephen B, Shadow, Suzanne P, Timothy P, Venus R, Radioactive Dreams, Cullen R, and Jeanette N.
Melissa: Thank you all so much for making Chemistry of Your Life happen.
Jam: Dinky imagery!
Melissa: Yay chemistry! Yay questions! Yay website submissions!